Abstract: An internal combustion engine system including an electric power generating device, a container, a set of positive and negative electrodes and an internal combustion engine is provided. The container contains an electrolytic solution and has a gas outlet. The set of positive and negative electrodes are disposed within the electrolytic solution in the container, wherein the set of positive and negative electrodes are electrically connected to a first power output end and a second power output end of the electric power generating device, respectively. The internal combustion engine is connected to the gas outlet, wherein a gas product directed from the gas outlet is used as a fuel of the internal combustion engine. Further, the electric power generating device can be applied on a hydrogen/oxygen gas generating apparatus and integrated into the internal combustion engine system of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: An operating system switching method is provided. The operating system switching method is for a computer system comprising a control unit, a memory unit, and a storage unit, wherein the storage unit comprises a first operating system and a second operating system. The steps of the method include: loading the first operating system and the second operating system into a first memory space and a second memory space of the memory unit, respectively, and setting the first memory space and the second memory space to a working state and a standby state, respectively; and performing a first switching of the operating systems, and setting the first memory space and the second memory space to the standby state and the working state.

Abstract: A tool coupling structure comprises a first post member including a fitting end disposed on one end thereof and a polygonal cavity mounted on another end thereof; the cavity including a hole formed on an outer wall thereof, and the hole including a biasing element installed therein; a second post member including a coupling end fixed on one end thereof and a polygonal sphere knob formed on another end thereof to be fitted to the cavity of the fist post member, and the sphere knob including an elastic engaging member fixed on a peripheral side thereof in response to the hole of the first post member to be retained in the hole.

Abstract: A flexible electret transducer assembly including an electrical backplate and a membrane made of an electret material is disclosed. A plurality of spacers is formed on a surface of the electrical backplate in a longitudinal or latitudinal direction, and the spacers are used for supporting a vibrating room of the membrane. A working area of the membrane is formed between adjacent spacers, and in each of the working area, the space between the electrical backplate and the membrane is smaller than that in a conventional electrostatic speaker. The spacers between the electrical backplate and the membrane are mass produced through a stamping process. Thereby, an accurate space between the electrical backplate and the membrane can be maintained and accordingly the audio quality can be improved. In addition, a speaker including the flexible electret transducer assembly and a method for fabricating the flexible electret transducer assembly are also disclosed.

Abstract: A computer system and a power-management method thereof are provided. The computer system has an image-reading mode, a first power-management mode and a second power-management mode, and the computer system operating in the second power-management mode consumes less power than it consumes in the first power-management mode. The computer system comprises a first portion comprising a graphics processing unit, a memory space and a display; and a second portion comprising a storage storing an image data. When the computer system operates in the image-reading mode, the image data has been transferred to the memory space from the storage, the second portion enters to the second power-management mode from the first power-management mode, and the first portion keeps in the first power-management mode, so that the graphics processing unit can display an image by the display according to the image data stored in the memory space.

Abstract: A tool coupling structure comprises a first post member including a fitting end disposed on one end thereof and a polygonal cavity mounted on another end thereof; the cavity including a hole formed on an outer wall thereof, and the hole including a biasing element installed therein; a second post member including a coupling end fixed on one end thereof and a polygonal sphere knob formed on another end thereof to be fitted to the cavity of the fist post member, and the sphere knob including an elastic engaging member fixed on a peripheral side thereof in response to the hole of the first post member to be retained in the hole.

Abstract: A device information management system for managing device information of various peripheral devices is disclosed. The system includes a central processing unit, a logic controller connected with the central processing unit, a first device connected with the logic controller, wherein the first device has a device information stored in a memory unit for identifying the first device, and a second device connected with the first device, wherein the first device outputs an access command to the second device and the second device accesses the memory unit to retrieve the device information of the first device according to the access command.

Abstract: An image de-interlacing method for estimating an interpolation luminance of an interpolated pixel, including: selecting a plurality of first and second candidate pixels respectively on upper and lower lines adjacent to the interpolated pixel, calculating a plurality of weighted directional differences respectively associated with one of the first candidate pixels and one of the second candidate pixels with weighting values determined by comparing similarity of luminance decreasing/increasing patterns near the associated first and second candidate pixels on the upper and lower lines, selecting a first selected pixel and a second selected pixel respectively from the first and second candidate pixels associated with the smallest weighted directional difference, and obtaining the interpolation luminance according to the first and second selected pixels.

Abstract: A computer system for processing data in a non-operational state and processing method thereof are provided. The computer system includes a data output unit, a data source, a data processing module and a state monitor unit. The data processing module accesses and processes data from the data source, and transmits the processed data to the data output unit. The state monitor unit monitors a power supply state of the computer system to generate a state switch signal, which indicates whether the computer system is in an operational state or a non-operational state. When the state switch signal indicates that the computer system is in a non-operational state, the data source and the data processing module receives operating voltages to access and process data.

Abstract: A speaker device including a transparent speaker and a light source module is provided. The transparent speaker is thin, soft, and has a low driving voltage. Light is emitted from a front side of the speaker panel, and transmitted in the same direction as the sound. Thus, the light is emitted along with the sound. The speaker device can be used as an indoor wall-painting or as a large advertisement poster for more visual effects to the viewer.

Abstract: A flexible electret transducer assembly including an electrical backplate and a membrane made of an electret material is disclosed. A plurality of spacers is formed on a surface of the electrical backplate in a longitudinal or latitudinal direction, and the spacers are used for supporting a vibrating room of the membrane. A working area of the membrane is formed between adjacent spacers, and in each of the working area, the space between the electrical backplate and the membrane is smaller than that in a conventional electrostatic speaker. The spacers between the electrical backplate and the membrane are mass produced through a stamping process. Thereby, an accurate space between the electrical backplate and the membrane can be maintained and accordingly the audio quality can be improved. In addition, a speaker including the flexible electret transducer assembly and a method for fabricating the flexible electret transducer assembly are also disclosed.

Abstract: A transmitting-type liquid crystal display projection system including a planar light source which emits planar white beam or planar R/G/B beams in succession is provided. A first polarization filter receives the planar light source and polarizes the same to be in a first polarization state. A liquid-crystal light valve receives the polarized planar light source, and converts the first polarization state to a second polarization state having a corresponding gray level. A second polarization filter receives a light output from the liquid crystal light valve to produce a second polarization light beam. A projection unit projects the second polarization light beam onto a display plane. Using the same planar light source, a polarization beam splitting (PBS) device with a refection-type liquid crystal light valve can be used to achieve the reflection-type projection system.

Abstract: Lighting devices are provided. A lighting device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a light source and a thermoelectric cooling chip set disposed between the first and second substrates. The first substrate includes a core, a first circuit layer, and a second circuit layer, wherein the first and second circuit layers are disposed on opposite sides of the core. The second substrate comprises a third circuit layer. The light source is disposed on the first substrate and electrically connected to the first circuit layer. The thermoelectric cooling chip set is electrically connected to the second and third circuit layers, to dissipate heat from the light source.

Abstract: A novel flexible circuit board with heat dissipation ability is provided. The flexible circuit board includes a heat sink and a heat spreader having at least one circuit substrate mounted thereon. The heat spreader has a first lower surface and a first upper surface which has a plurality of first grooves formed thereon. At least one platform is formed between two adjacent ones of the first grooves for mounting the at least one circuit substrate. The heat sink has a second lower surface and a second upper surface which has a plurality of second grooves formed thereon and is connected to the first lower surface.

Abstract: An image de-interlacing method for estimating an interpolation luminance of an interpolated pixel, including: selecting a plurality of first and second candidate pixels respectively on upper and lower lines adjacent to the interpolated pixel, calculating a plurality of weighted directional differences respectively associated with one of the first candidate pixels and one of the second candidate pixels with weighting values determined by comparing similarity of luminance decreasing/increasing patterns near the associated first and second candidate pixels on the upper and lower lines, selecting a first selected pixel and a second selected pixel respectively from the first and second candidate pixels associated with the smallest weighted directional difference, and obtaining the interpolation luminance according to the first and second selected pixels.

Abstract: A structure of illuminating unit includes a point-like light-emitting device, having an optical axis. An initial-stage conoid-like reflective surface has a convergent opening end and a divergent opening end. The point-like light-emitting device is located at the convergent opening end and the optical axis is toward the divergent end for emitting light. The initial-stage conoid-like reflective surface and the optical axis include an initial-stage included angle. A final-stage conoid-like reflective surface has a convergent opening end and a divergent opening end. The convergent opening end of the final-stage conoid-like reflective surface is coupled with the divergent opening end of the initial-stage conoid-like reflective surface. The final-stage conoid-like reflective surface and the optical axis include a final-stage included angle. The initial-stage included angle is larger than the final-stage included angle.

Abstract: Lighting devices are provided. A lighting device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a light source and a thermoelectric cooling chip set disposed between the first and second substrates. The first substrate includes a core, a first circuit layer, and a second circuit layer, wherein the first and second circuit layers are disposed on opposite sides of the core. The second substrate comprises a third circuit layer. The light source is disposed on the first substrate and electrically connected to the first circuit layer. The thermoelectric cooling chip set is electrically connected to the second and third circuit layers, to dissipate heat from the light source.

Abstract: A transmitting-type liquid crystal display projection system including a planar light source which emits planar white beam or planar R/G/B beams in succession is provided. A first polarization filter receives the planar light source and polarizes the same to be in a first polarization state. A liquid-crystal light valve receives the polarized planar light source, and converts the first polarization state to a second polarization state having a corresponding gray level. A second polarization filter receives a light output from the liquid crystal light valve to produce a second polarization light beam. A projection unit projects the second polarization light beam onto a display plane. Using the same planar light source, a polarization beam splitting (PBS) device with a refection-type liquid crystal light valve can be used to achieve the reflection-type projection system.

Abstract: A novel flexible circuit board with heat dissipation ability is provided. The flexible circuit board includes a heat sink and a heat spreader having at least one circuit substrate mounted thereon. The heat spreader has a first lower surface and a first upper surface which has a plurality of first grooves formed thereon. At least one platform is formed between two adjacent ones of the first grooves for mounting the at least one circuit substrate. The heat sink has a second lower surface and a second upper surface which has a plurality of second grooves formed thereon and is connected to the first lower surface.

Abstract: A structure of illuminating unit includes a point-like light-emitting device, having an optical axis. An initial-stage conoid-like reflective surface has a convergent opening end and a divergent opening end. The point-like light-emitting device is located at the convergent opening end and the optical axis is toward the divergent end for emitting light. The initial-stage conoid-like reflective surface and the optical axis include an initial-stage included angle. A final-stage conoid-like reflective surface has a convergent opening end and a divergent opening end. The convergent opening end of the final-stage conoid-like reflective surface is coupled with the divergent opening end of the initial-stage conoid-like reflective surface. The final-stage conoid-like reflective surface and the optical axis include a final-stage included angle. The initial-stage included angle is larger than the final-stage included angle.