Abstract: A hybrid communication device, an operation method thereof, and a communication system including the same are provided. The hybrid communication device includes a contact unit that includes an antenna for receiving a first communication signal and an electrode for receiving a second signal, a switch controller that includes a first switch and a second switch and controls the first switch and the second switch based on a change in capacitance of the electrode, and a signal processing unit that receives at least one of the first communication signal and the second communication signal from the contact unit via the first switch and processes the received signal. The first switch is connected to the contact unit, and the signal processing unit is connected to the first switch.

Abstract: Provided is a capsule endoscope. The capsule endoscope includes: an imaging device configured to perform imaging on a digestive tract in vivo to generate an image; an artificial neural network configured to determine whether there is a lesion area in the image; and a transmitter configured to transmit the image based on a determination result of the artificial neural network.

Abstract: Provided is a capsule endoscope. The capsule endoscope includes: an imaging device configured to perform imaging on a digestive tract in vivo to generate an image; an artificial neural network configured to determine whether there is a lesion area in the image; and a transmitter configured to transmit the image based on a determination result of the artificial neural network.

Abstract: A human body communication device includes an electrode, a matching circuit, a switch providing a first path electrically connected to the matching circuit and a second path electrically connected to the matching circuit, a sensor, in a first state, connected to the matching circuit through the switch, outputting a first sensing signal to the matching circuit, and outputting a second sensing signal when a difference between a signal generated from the matching circuit in response to the first sensing signal and the first sensing signal is greater than or equal to a threshold, a transmitter, in a second state, connected to the matching circuit through the switch, and outputting a data signal to the matching circuit, and a controller controlling the switch from the first state to the second state in response to receiving the second sensing signal from the sensor, in the first state.

Abstract: A user device connected to an edge device, based on a touch of a user includes an electrode in touch with a body of the user, a human body communication module that receives a first signal from the edge device through the body and the electrode, an operation processing module that acquires identification information, location information, version information of the edge device, and time information at which the first signal is received, from the first signal, and a memory module that stores the identification information, the location information, the version information, and the time information, as part of life log information.

Abstract: Provided is a neuromorphic arithmetic device. The neuromorphic arithmetic device may include a synapse circuit, a metal line having an inherent capacitance component, an oscillator, a comparator, and a capacitance calibrator. The synapse circuit may be configured to perform a multiplication operation on a PWM signal and a weight to generate a current. The metal line may include a metal line capacitor in which a charge of the current is stored. The oscillator generates a plurality of pulses on the basis of the charge stored in the metal line capacitor. The comparator may compare a frequency of the plurality of pulses and a target frequency, and may generate a control signal on the basis of a result of the comparison. The capacitance calibrator may adjust a capacitance value of the metal line capacitor on the basis of the control signal.

Abstract: A capsule endoscope image receiver includes a receiving electrode unit that receives first and second differential signals from a capsule endoscope image transmitter through a human body communication channel, an analog amplifying unit that receives the first and second differential signals and outputs first and second amplified differential signals, and a signal restoring unit that receives the first and second amplified differential signals and restores image information. The analog amplifying unit includes a first amplifier that outputs the first amplified differential signal, a second amplifier that outputs the second amplified differential signal, and an input impedance that is connected between a first inverting input terminal of the first amplifier and a second inverting input terminal of the second amplifier and obtains a gain of differential signal amplification in which a high frequency component of the first and second amplified differential signals is greater than a low frequency component.

Abstract: Provided are a human body communication device and an operating method of the same. The human body communication device according to an embodiment of the inventive concept includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a ground electrode, and a switch. The transmitting circuit generates a first signal in a transmitting mode and transmits the first signal to the first electrode. The receiving circuit receives a second signal from the first electrode in the receiving mode. The receiving circuit includes a differential amplifier that amplifies a difference between a voltage level of a first input terminal depending on the second signal and a voltage level of a second input terminal. The switch electrically connects the second electrode and the ground electrode in the transmitting mode, and electrically connects the second electrode and the second input terminal in the receiving mode.

Abstract: Provided is an operating method of a wearable device, the method including setting a threshold voltage when there is not a physical contact of an outsider, measuring an envelope voltage while performing a data communication, determining whether to be the physical contact with the outsider by comparing the threshold voltage with the envelope voltage, and stopping the data communication, when there is the physical contact with the outsider.

Abstract: The human body sensing device includes a contact sensing unit that includes a sensing electrode and a signal electrode, an activation module that senses a contact with a body through the sensing electrode when the sensing electrode and the signal electrode contact the body and outputs a wake-up signal in response to the sensing of the contact, and a human body communication unit that provides a ground voltage to the signal electrode and outputs a data signal to the signal electrode when the wake-up signal from the activation module is received.

Abstract: Provided is a receiver. The receiver according to the inventive concept includes a first filter circuit, a second filter circuit, and an amplifier. The first filter circuit provides a first path for first frequency components below first cutoff frequency of input frequency components and passes second frequency components except for the first frequency components of the input frequency components through second path. The second filter circuit attenuates third frequency components below a second cutoff frequency of the second frequency components. The amplifier amplifies the second frequency components including the attenuated third frequency components.

Abstract: Provided is a spike neural network circuit including a synapse configured to generate an operation signal based on an input spike signal and a weight, and a neuron configured to generate an output spike signal using a comparator configured to compare a voltage of a membrane signal generated based on the operation signal with a voltage of a threshold signal, wherein the comparator includes a bias circuit configured to conditionally supply a bias current of the comparator depending on the membrane signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a capsule endoscope transmitter configured to transmit frames including control frames and data frames to a capsule endoscope receiver. The capsule endoscope transmitter includes a preamble generator configured to generate preambles for synchronizing and identifying the control frames used to select a reception electrode pair that receives the frames, and a line sync generator configured to generate a line sync for synchronizing the data frames and identifying a code value of each of the data frames.

Abstract: The inventive concept includes an oscillating circuit, a phase inverting circuit, and a phase detecting circuit. The oscillating circuit generates a first clock to be used to sample an input signal. The phase inverting circuit outputs a second clock based on the first clock. The phase detecting circuit generates a control signal having a first logic value when a phase difference between a phase of the input signal and a phase of the second clock is less than a reference value for a reference time or more. The phase detecting circuit generates the control signal having a second logic value when the phase difference is equal to or greater than the reference value or when the phase difference is less than the reference value for a time shorter than the reference time.

Abstract: The inventive concept includes an oscillating circuit, a phase inverting circuit, and a phase detecting circuit. The oscillating circuit generates a first clock to be used to sample an input signal. The phase inverting circuit outputs a second clock based on the first clock. The phase detecting circuit generates a control signal having a first logic value when a phase difference between a phase of the input signal and a phase of the second clock is less than a reference value for a reference time or more. The phase detecting circuit generates the control signal having a second logic value when the phase difference is equal to or greater than the reference value or when the phase difference is less than the reference value for a time shorter than the reference time.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic circuit for implementing a generative adversarial neural network. The electronic circuit includes a spike converter, a spike image generator, a spike image converter, and an image discriminator. The spike converter generates a first signal including spike signals. The number of the spike signals is determined based on first data associated with second data within a reference time interval. The spike image generator generates a second signal including spike signals being selected based on a weight among the spike signals of the first signal. The image converter converts the spike signals of the second signal to generate third data being represented in an analog domain. The image discriminator provides the spike image generator with result data being associated with a difference between a value of the third data and a value of the second data. The image generator determines the weight based on the result data.

Abstract: The inventive concept relates to a semiconductor device including a CMOS circuit and an operation method thereof. A semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the inventive concept includes a semiconductor circuit, a controller, and a voltage generator. The semiconductor circuit operates at a drive voltage to reduce the delay time between input and output as the temperature increases. The controller determines the malfunction of the CMOS circuit based on the difference between the source-drain current of the PMOS transistor and the source-drain current of the NMOS transistor as the temperature changes. The voltage generator generates or adjusts a body-bias voltage applied to the PMOS transistor or the NMOS transistor based on a malfunction determination of the controller. According to the inventive concept, malfunctions and performance deterioration occurring in a CMOS circuit operating at a low voltage may be reduced.

Abstract: Provided is and electrode selection device communicating with a capsule endoscope. The device includes an analog front end configured to recover first data based on first signals transmitted from the capsule endoscope to a first electrode and a second electrode, recover second data based on second signals transmitted from the capsule endoscope to the first electrode and a third electrode, and recover third data based on third signals transmitted from the capsule endoscope to the second electrode and the third electrode, and a digital receiver configured to calculate a first correlation value between the first and second electrodes, a second correlation value between the first and third electrodes, and a third correlation value between the second and third electrodes based on the first to third data.

Abstract: Provided is an artificial intelligence system. The system includes a first sensor configured to generate a first sensing signal during a sensing time, a second sensor disposed adjacent to the first sensor and configured to generate a second sensing signal during the sensing time, a pre-processing unit configured to select valid data according to a magnitude of a differential signal generated based on a difference between the first sensing signal and the second sensing signal, and an artificial intelligence module configured to analyze the valid data to generate result data.

Abstract: Provided are a capsule endoscopic receiving device, a capsule endoscope system including the same, and an operating method of the capsule endoscopic receiving device, the capsule endoscopic receiving device including an analog front end configured to receive a preamble from one receiving electrode pair from among a plurality of receiving electrodes, a valid signal detection circuit configured to compare a reference voltage with input data generated on a basis of a voltage level of the preamble, and a preamble processor configured to select a final electrode pair configured to receive the image data on a basis of a correlation value of the preamble and a comparison result of the input data and the reference voltage. According to the inventive concept, stability of receiving image data may be secured by selecting an optimal receiving electrode pair.