Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a semiconductor chip having an active surface on which a connection pad is disposed and an inactive surface opposing the active surface; a first encapsulant covering at least a portion of each of the inactive surface and side surfaces of the semiconductor chip, and having one or more recessed portions recessed towards the inactive surface of the semiconductor chip; a metal layer disposed on the first encapsulant, and filling at least a portion of each of the recessed portions; and an interconnect structure disposed on the active surface of the semiconductor chip, and including a redistribution layer electrically connected to the connection pad. A surface of the metal layer in contact with the first encapsulant has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a surface of the metal layer spaced apart from the first encapsulant.

Abstract: A luggage box apparatus for a vehicle is disclosed. The luggage box apparatus includes a main box received in a main box receiving space provided at a luggage side trim. The main box is withdrawable from the main box receiving space toward a luggage compartment, for use thereof. The main box is installed to perform linear sliding movement in a withdrawal direction and rotation with respect to the luggage side trim.

Abstract: A vehicle detector assembly for detecting solar radiation may include a housing, a fixed plate fixed to an upper surface of the housing in a flat form, a plurality of photo detectors bonded to a surface of the fixed plate, each being connected to a lead having a uniform one-directional inclination structure, and a detector cap fastened to the housing and transmitting sunlight.

Abstract: A bandwidth allocation apparatus and method for providing a low-latency service in an optical network that may guarantee low-latency requirements and improve a network utilization rate by allocating a static bandwidth to an ONU requiring low latency within an allocable bandwidth and by allocating a dynamic bandwidth to an ONU not requiring the low latency within a remaining bandwidth.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for testing an IT system automatically, when it comes to testing based on real transaction data, comprising: (a) obtaining a transaction message by capturing a network packet transmitted and received between a user system and a transaction processing system; (b) transmitting a request data included in the transaction message to the system under test; (c) receiving a response data from the system under test; and (d) comparing the response data received from the system under test and a response data included in the transaction message and determining success or failure, is provided.

Abstract: A traffic control method and apparatus for solving service quality degradation caused by traffic overhead in a specific node, on which traffic is concentrated in the specific node because of traffic congestion in a software defined network (SDN) environment. A traffic control method to be performed by an SDN controller of an SDN environment includes: collecting real-time traffic state information of a network; detecting traffic overhead of at least one node on the basis of the collected real-time traffic state information; determining whether network resources are available to the at least one node where the traffic overhead is detected; and changing a service level agreement (SLA)-based bandwidth allowable capacity with regard to the at least one node in accordance with available network resources.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a semiconductor chip having an active surface on which a connection pad is disposed and an inactive surface opposing the active surface; a first encapsulant covering at least a portion of each of the inactive surface and side surfaces of the semiconductor chip, and having one or more recessed portions recessed towards the inactive surface of the semiconductor chip; a metal layer disposed on the first encapsulant, and filling at least a portion of each of the recessed portions; and an interconnect structure disposed on the active surface of the semiconductor chip, and including a redistribution layer electrically connected to the connection pad. A surface of the metal layer in contact with the first encapsulant has a surface roughness greater than a surface roughness of a surface of the metal layer spaced apart from the first encapsulant.

Abstract: A cooperative dynamic bandwidth allocation (CO-DBA) method in a structure in which a mobile network and an optical access network are combined allows the mobile network and the optical access network to share mobile scheduling information in advance and allocate bandwidths in advance, and thus prevent a latency in upstream transmission of mobile traffic.

Abstract: A bandwidth allocation apparatus and method for providing a low-latency service in an optical network that may guarantee low-latency requirements and improve a network utilization rate by allocating a static bandwidth to an ONU requiring low latency within an allocable bandwidth and by allocating a dynamic bandwidth to an ONU not requiring the low latency within a remaining bandwidth.

Abstract: A traffic control method and apparatus for solving service quality degradation caused by traffic overhead in a specific node, on which traffic is concentrated in the specific node because of traffic congestion in a software defined network (SDN) environment. A traffic control method to be performed by an SDN controller of an SDN environment includes: collecting real-time traffic state information of a network; detecting traffic overhead of at least one node on the basis of the collected real-time traffic state information; determining whether network resources are available to the at least one node where the traffic overhead is detected; and changing a service level agreement (SLA)-based bandwidth allowable capacity with regard to the at least one node in accordance with available network resources.

Abstract: An optical line terminal (OLT) accumulates and stores a user frame for each physical layer identifier (PLID) to efficiently use a plurality of lanes used for downstream transmission from the OLT to an optical network unit (ONU). The OLT envelopes payloads that are accumulatively stored for the respective PLIDs based on a transmission rate supported by a corresponding ONU, combines an envelope header based on an envelope payload unit, and transmits an envelope frame. The OLT selects an available lane from among a plurality of lanes and may transmit the envelope frame through the selected lane.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes: a semiconductor chip having an active surface having connection pads disposed thereon; a connection member disposed on the active surface of the semiconductor chip and including a redistribution layer electrically connected to the connection pads; a passivation layer disposed on the connection member; and an underbump metallurgy (UBM) layer embedded in the passivation layer and electrically connected to the redistribution layer of the connection member, wherein the UBM layer includes a UBM pad embedded in the passivation layer, at least one plating layer disposed on the UBM pad and having side surfaces of which at least portions are covered by the UBM pad, and a UBM via penetrating through at least portions of the passivation layer and electrically connecting the redistribution layer of the connection member and the UBM pad to each other.

Abstract: A device for rotating a cover of a trash can opens the cover so that a predetermined space is exposed, or closes the cover onto the frame so that the predetermined space is disconnected with the outside. The device includes an external force applying part rotated by first external force based on a fixed rotating shaft; and a mediating part which mediates the external force, interconnected to a rotation of the external force applying part by the external force to make the cover open. The cover closes by weight of the cover when the external force is released, in which when the standing of the cover is limited by second external force, the mediating part is transformed by the rotation of the external force applying part by the external force and prevents the external force from being transmitted to the cover.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a plurality of power rail pairs and a circuit chain. Each of the plurality of power rail pairs includes one of a plurality of high power rails configured to provide a first power supply voltage and one of a plurality of low power rails configured to provide a second power supply voltage that is lower than the first power supply voltage. The circuit chain includes a plurality of unit circuits that are cascade-connected such that an output of a previous unit circuit is provided as an input of a next unit circuit. The plurality of unit circuits are connected distributively to the plurality of power rail pairs.

Abstract: A device for rotating a cover of a trash can opens the cover so that a predetermined space is exposed, or closes the cover onto the frame so that the predetermined space is disconnected with the outside. The device includes an external force applying part rotated by first external force based on a fixed rotating shaft; and a mediating part which mediates the external force, interconnected to a rotation of the external force applying part by the external force to make the cover open. The cover closes by weight of the cover when the external force is released, in which when the standing of the cover is limited by second external force, the mediating part is transformed by the rotation of the external force applying part by the external force and prevents the external force from being transmitted to the cover.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes: a semiconductor chip having an active surface having connection pads disposed thereon; a connection member disposed on the active surface of the semiconductor chip and including a redistribution layer electrically connected to the connection pads; a passivation layer disposed on the connection member; and an underbump metallurgy (UBM) layer embedded in the passivation layer and electrically connected to the redistribution layer of the connection member, wherein the UBM layer includes a UBM pad embedded in the passivation layer, at least one plating layer disposed on the UBM pad and having side surfaces of which at least portions are covered by the UBM pad, and a UBM via penetrating through at least portions of the passivation layer and electrically connecting the redistribution layer of the connection member and the UBM pad to each other.

Abstract: A semiconductor package includes a supporting member that has a cavity and includes a wiring structure connecting first and second surfaces opposing each other. A connection member is on the second surface of the supporting member and includes a first redistribution layer connected to the wiring structure. A semiconductor chip is on the connection member in the cavity and has connection pads connected to the first redistribution layer. An encapsulant encapsulates the semiconductor chip disposed in the cavity and covers the first surface of the supporting member. A second redistribution layer includes wiring patterns embedded in the encapsulant and has exposed surfaces and connection vias that penetrate through the encapsulant to connect the wiring structure and the wiring patterns to each other.

Abstract: An optical line terminal (OLT) accumulates and stores a user frame for each physical layer identifier (PLID) to efficiently use a plurality of lanes used for downstream transmission from the OLT to an optical network unit (ONU). The OLT envelopes payloads that are accumulatively stored for the respective PLIDs based on a transmission rate supported by a corresponding ONU, combines an envelope header based on an envelope payload unit, and transmits an envelope frame. The OLT selects an available lane from among a plurality of lanes and may transmit the envelope frame through the selected lane.

Abstract: A method of registering an optical network unit (ONU) in an optical line terminal (OLT). The OLT determines a lane to be used by the ONU based on a transmission rate supported by the ONU, combines or distributes data of a dataflow based on a rate of the lane by comparing the rate of the lane to a rate of the dataflow of a media access control (MAC) client interface, and, when the OLT and the ONU are connected through multiple lanes, transmits and receives data between the OLT and the ONU through channel bonding for more effective use of a network.