Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a substrate portion including a first insulating layer, s first wiring layers disposed on or within the first insulating layer, and a first via layer penetrating through at least a portion of the first insulating layer to connect the first wiring layers to each other, and a connection structure disposed within the substrate portion and including a capacitor portion, a passivation layer covering the capacitor portion, and a wiring portion disposed on the passivation layer.

Abstract: A printed circuit board and a method of manufacturing the same. The printed circuit board includes: a first insulating layer; and a plurality of first metal patterns disposed on the first insulating layer, wherein the first insulating layer has at least one recessed portion, the recessed portion is disposed between the plurality of first metal patterns, and each of the plurality of first metal patterns includes a first seed metal layer disposed on the first insulating layer, a second seed metal layer disposed on the first seed metal layer, and a metal pattern layer disposed on the second seed metal layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a digital value, and a method therefor are proposed. The apparatus for generating the digital value includes: a data generation part configured to randomly generate a first digital value; a data preservation part configured to store the first digital value; and a data concealment part configured to generate a final digital value by synthesizing the first digital value and a second digital value outputted from a volatile element. Accordingly, there is an effect that randomness of the final digital value is confirmable, and the final digital value is not leaked to outside.

Abstract: A memory system may include a storage device and a memory controller. The storage device may include a plurality of memory blocks. Each of the memory blocks may include a plurality of pages. The memory controller may perform a maintenance management operation including predetermined numbers of sub-operations performed for a first period in each first cycle on the storage device, wherein the memory controller is configured to increase a reservation number of the sub-operations when a first type command requested from an external device is processed at a time of triggering the sub-operations, and determine a trigger interval of the sub-operations based on the reservation number.

Abstract: Provided herein may be a storage device and a method of operating the same. The method of operating a storage device including a replay protected memory block (RPMB) may include receiving a write request for the RPMB from an external host, selectively storing data in the RPMB based on an authentication operation, receiving a read request from the external host, and providing result data to the external host in response to the read request, wherein the read request includes a message indicating that a read command to be subsequently received from the external host is a command related to the result data.

Abstract: A memory system may include a storage device and a memory controller. The storage device may include a plurality of memory blocks. Each of the memory blocks may include a plurality of pages. The memory controller may perform a maintenance management operation including predetermined numbers of sub-operations performed for a first period in each first cycle on the storage device, wherein the memory controller is configured to increase a reservation number of the sub-operations when a first type command requested from an external device is processed at a time of triggering the sub-operations, and determine a trigger interval of the sub-operations based on the reservation number.

Abstract: A wafer level package includes: a substrate; an element portion disposed on one surface of the substrate; a cap disposed on the substrate to cover the element portion; a connection portion electrically connected to the element portion; and a bonding portion disposed on an outer side of the connection portion, wherein the bonding portion is disposed on a first surface of one of the substrate and the cap, wherein one end portion of the connection portion is disposed on a second surface having a step difference from the first surface, and wherein the connection portion and the bonding portion are formed of a eutectic material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of a stress disease and depression, the pharmaceutical composition be safely useable without toxicity and side effects by using an extract of leaves of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb., which is natural resource of Korea, so that the reduction of manufacturing and production costs and the import substitution and export effects can be expected through the replacement of a raw material for preparation with a plant inhabiting in nature.

Abstract: A bulk-acoustic wave (BAW) resonator includes a central portion in which a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode are sequentially stacked on a substrate, and an extension portion extending externally from the central portion, and an insertion layer and a loss prevention film are disposed in the extension portion between the substrate and the second electrode. The loss prevention film is formed to have a thickness of 50 ? to 500 ?. The insertion layer is stacked on the loss prevention film, and has a side surface opposing the central portion, the side surface is formed as a first inclined surface having a first inclination angle. The loss prevention film has a side surface opposing the central portion, the side surface is formed as a second inclined surface having a second inclination angle. The second inclination angle is formed to be greater than the first inclination angle.

Abstract: Provided herein may be a storage device and a method of operating the same. The method of operating a storage device including a replay protected memory block (RPMB) may include receiving a write request for the RPMB from an external host, selectively storing data in the RPMB based on an authentication operation, receiving a read request from the external host, and providing result data to the external host in response to the read request, wherein the read request includes a message indicating that a read command to be subsequently received from the external host is a command related to the result data.

Abstract: A bulk-acoustic wave resonator includes a substrate; a lower electrode, disposed on the substrate, comprising a first inclined surface and a second inclined surface; and an insertion layer disposed on an edge of the lower electrode. The first inclined surface extends from an inclined surface of the insertion layer in a region disposed inside the insertion layer. The second inclined surface extends from the first inclined surface in a region inside a region of the first inclined surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a memory system and an operating method thereof. The memory system may include a first processor and a second processor. The first processor is configured to manage or process a main read count table including a plurality of first read count table entries each corresponding to one of a plurality of super memory blocks. The second processor is configured to manage or process, when an error occurs during an operation of reading data stored in one of the plurality of super memory blocks, a partial read count table including a read count table entry including information on a count of the read operation executed during a recovery operation for the error, and transmit an update message to the first processor for updating the main read count table based on the partial read count table.

Abstract: A controller for controlling a memory device may include: a sequence detector suitable for determining, each time a set number of data chunks are processed, whether the set number of recently processed data chunks are sequential data chunks, based on the lengths of the data chunks and logical-address-adjacency of the data chunks; and a processor suitable for performing a sequential operation according to the determination result, until next determination.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a memory system and an operating method thereof. The memory system may include a first processor and a second processor. The first processor is configured to manage or process a main read count table including a plurality of first read count table entries each corresponding to one of a plurality of super memory blocks. The second processor is configured to manage or process, when an error occurs during an operation of reading data stored in one of the plurality of super memory blocks, a partial read count table including a read count table entry including information on a count of the read operation executed during a recovery operation for the error, and transmit an update message to the first processor for updating the main read count table based on the partial read count table.

Abstract: A memory system, a memory controller and an operating method are disclosed. A first area, a second area included in the first area, and a third area are set. An area to which target data is to be written is determined to the first area or the third area. When the target data is written to the first area, the target data is preferentially written to the second area. The number of data bits stored per memory cell in the first area is less than the number of data bits stored per memory cell in the third area. As a consequence, it is possible to secure storage capacity of the memory system to at least a set reference while securing data write performance of the memory system recognized by a host to at least a set reference.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic resonator includes a substrate, a frequency control layer changing a resonant frequency or antiresonant frequency of the bulk acoustic resonator according to a thickness of the frequency control layer, a piezoelectric layer disposed between the frequency control layer and the substrate, a first electrode disposed between the piezoelectric layer and the substrate, a second electrode disposed between the piezoelectric layer and the frequency control layer, a metal layer connected to the first electrode or the second electrode, and a protective layer disposed between the second electrode and the frequency control layer, wherein the frequency control layer covers a larger area than that of the protective layer.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic resonator filter includes a plurality of bulk acoustic resonators connected between first and second radio frequency (RF) ports to form a frequency band, wherein each of the plurality of bulk acoustic resonators includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a piezoelectric layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, the plurality of bulk acoustic resonators include first and second bulk acoustic resonators having different differences between a resonant frequency and an antiresonant frequency, and different ratios of a thickness of the piezoelectric layer to a total thickness of the first and second electrodes, and/or different thicknesses of the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: A memory system may include: a nonvolatile memory device suitable for storing user data and meta data of the user data; and a controller suitable for uploading at least some of the meta data to a host. When the size of a free space of a storage space of the host, allocated to store the uploaded meta data, is equal to or less than a preset value, the controller may upload hot meta data to the host according to the number of normal read requests received from the host and the ratio of the normal read requests.

Abstract: Provided herein may be a storage device and a method of operating the same. The method of operating a storage device including a replay protected memory block (RPMB) may include receiving a write request for the RPMB from an external host, selectively storing data in the RPMB based on an authentication operation, receiving a read request from the external host, and providing result data to the external host in response to the read request, wherein the read request includes a message indicating that a read command to be subsequently received from the external host is a command related to the result data.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electronic device. According to the present disclosure, a storage device includes a memory controller acquiring a valid address reflecting a bad block more quickly and a plurality of memory devices each including a plurality of memory blocks included in each of a plurality of planes.