Abstract: A remote plasma generator includes a body, a driver, and a protection tube. The body includes a gas injection port, a plasma exhaust port, and a plasma generation pipe through which discharge gas or plasma flow. The driver is coupled to the body and generates a magnetic field and plasma in the body. The protection tube is at an inner side of the plasma generation pipe to protect the plasma generation pipe from plasma.

Abstract: There is provided a circuit for generating a square test pattern including: a clock pulse generator for generating clock pulses; a frequency demultiplier for dividing the clock pulses of the clock pulse generator by eight in order to minimize errors in synchronism; a longitudinal line generator for receiving the divided clock pulses of the frequency demultiplier to generate longitudinal line printing data and a printing start and end signals; a printing area establishing unit for receiving a printing start and end signals of a line output from the longitudinal line generator to establish the printing and end points by the clock pulses of the frequency demultiplier; a synchronizing signal generator for synchronizing horizontal synchronizing signals by the divided clock pulses of the clock pulse generator to generate load signals of the longitudinal line generator and transverse line clock pulses; a transverse line generator for receiving the transverse line clock pulses of the synchronizing signal generator to