Abstract: The invention discloses a complex of 3-hydroxybutyric acid and sodium 3-hydroxybutyrate and a preparation method thereof. The complex provided by the invention effectively solves the acid/salt load and gastrointestinal side effects associated with the existing products, has good taste comfort, and has a good ketogenic effect, and can be better used as a dietary or nutritional supplement.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, compositions (e.g., cycdrop or spongarion composition or food or supplement), and uses for alleviating and preventing age-associated lens degeneration in a subject, comprising administrating to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of ergothioneine, or a physiologically acceptable salt, acid, ester, polymer, analog or derivative thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and composition for improving hair follicle, scalp or hair health in a mammal and the related application thereof in preparing personal care product, cosmetic or medicine for improving hair follicle, scalp or hair health of a mammal. The method and composition of the invention inhibits the growth of a microorganism related to hair follicle, scalp or hair health, and/or eliminates inflammation, and/or inhibits folliculitis, scalp itching, dandruff, scalp oiliness, rashes, skin itching, scalp flaking, hair loss, tinea capitis, hypotrichosis, oligotrichosis, and lichen planopilaris.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and a composition for improving intestinal microflora, and the use thereof in preparing medicines, nutritional products, health care products, foods and beverages for regulating intestinal microflora. The tributyrin composition of the invention can significantly increase the level of a first intestinal microflora, and at the same time reduce the level of a second intestinal microflora in a mammal, thereby improving the intestinal health.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for improving lipid metabolism in a subject, which comprises administering to the subject a composition comprising: an effective amount of beta-aminoisobutyric acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester or derivative thereof; as well as an effective amount of Grains of Paradise or Aframomum melegueta. The invention also discloses the composition and use thereof in preparing a nutritional supplement, food, beverage, animal feed or medicine for improving lipid metabolism in a subject. The method and composition of the invention may reduce body weight, reduce body fat mass, improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, decrease triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, or decrease leptin level; thereby reducing obesity epidemic and obesity-related metabolic disorders worldwide and improving health status.

Abstract: Among others, the present invention provides methods and compositions for controlling blood glucose or weight, including a combination of (i) a therapeutically effective amount of berberine (BBR), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof, including dihydroberberine (DHB); and (ii) vitamin B12. The combination effectively ameliorates BBR or DHB side effects, including VB12 reduction, gastrointestinal discomfort, and slowed bowel movements, by promoting transcobalamin II receptors synthesis, decreasing homocysteine levels and maintaining intestinal balance, including short chain fatty acids content, gut microbiota diversity and richness.

Abstract: Glutathione deficiencies and deficiencies in glutathione synthetase activity, and the methods for the treatment thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for suppressing deleterious effects of senescence in a mammal. The method includes administration to the mammal of a composition comprising therapeutically effective amount of ergothioneine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, analog or derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the composition suppressing deleterious effects of senescence is by down-regulation of p21 and/or SA?G.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for chemical synthesis of different optical forms of ergothioneine (e.g., L-form or D-form or any mixture thereof). Another aspect of the invention relates to a composition comprising a non-racemic mixture of L-ergothioneine and D-ergothioneine.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, compositions (e.g., eyedrop or spongarion composition), and uses for alleviating and preventing age-associated vitreous degeneration in a mammal, comprising administrating to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of L-ergothioneine, an analog or derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, polymer, analog or derivative thereof, as an active ingredient. In particular, L-ergothioneine is capable of scavenging chronic reactive oxygen species directly and radically to mitigate and prevent HA depolymerization and HA decreasing-viscosity in the mammal's vitreous body; and/or improving vitreous liquefaction in the mammal.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for promoting glycogen synthase activity and augmenting glycogen storage capability in muscle tissue and/or liver tissue in a mammal, relating to administration to the mammal of an effective amount of ?-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), an analog or derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, acid, polymer, analog or derivative thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for promoting glycogen synthase activity and augmenting glycogen storage capability in muscle tissue and/or liver tissue in a mammal, relating to administration to the mammal of an effective amount of ?-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), an analog or derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, acid, polymer, analog or derivative thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods, compositions (e.g., eyedrop or spongarion composition), and uses for alleviating and preventing age-associated vitreous degeneration in a mammal, comprising administrating to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of L-ergothioneine, an analog or derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, polymer, analog or derivative thereof, as an active ingredient. In particular, L-ergothioneine is capable of scavenging chronic reactive oxygen species directly and radically to mitigate and prevent HA depolymerization and HA decreasing-viscosity in the mammal's vitreous body; and/or improving vitreous liquefaction in the mammal.

Abstract: The invention provides a topical composition for preventing or treating skin aging, comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ergothioneine, an analog or derivative thereof, or a dermatologically acceptable salt thereof. This topical composition improves skin's radiance, luminosity or texture, and rarely produces skin irritation. In another aspect, this invention provides a method for preventing or treating photoaging in a subject, comprising topical application of the composition of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for promoting weight loss and/or preventing or obesity; improving athletic performance/endurance; improving muscle function; improving cognitive function; promoting weight management; improving cardiovascular health; improving blood flow; reducing inflammation; and/or immune modulation. In certain aspects, the disclosed method comprises administering a composition to a subject comprising combinations of dileucine and paraxanthine and/or dileucine and L-arginine and/or dileucine and leucine.

Abstract: The disclosure provides L-ergothioneine, novel forms of L-ergothioneine, and uses thereof, particularly for immune support and nutrient supplementation. In particular, the disclosure provides a method of improving a mammal's immune response to a microbial infection; an orally administered unit dosage form; and a method of inducing the production of reactive oxygen species in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a mammal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for improving exercise performance or preventing or relieving fatigue in mammal, including administration to the mammal a composition including: (i) an effective amount of BAIBA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, polymer, analog or derivative thereof; and (ii) an effective amount of creatine. The present invention also provides a composition, including (i) an effective amount of BAIBA, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid, ester, polymer, analog or derivative thereof; and (ii) an effective amount of creatine, for improving exercise performance or preventing or relieving fatigue in a mammal. The methods and compositions of the invention can be used for enhancing muscle strength, increasing muscle content, improving muscle endurance; preventing body fatigue after exercise, accelerating recovery after exercise.

Abstract: Among others, the present invention provides methods and compositions for mimicking one or more biological benefits of caloric restriction in a mammal, including administering to the mammal an effective amount of Ergothioneine, an analog or derivative thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, polymer, acid, analog or derivative thereof.

Abstract: The disclosed compositions, systems and methods relate to compositions for human consumption and comprise a combination of paraxanthine and/or 1-methylxanthine and chlorogenic acid and optionally other compounds that modulate the effects of a combination of paraxanthine and/1-methylxanthine and chlorogenic acid. Further disclosed are methods of use of the foregoing compositions for improvement of at least one of cognitive performance, mood, and/or sleep.

Abstract: Composite plant-MCT flour includes MCT oil encapsulated by and/or complexed with wall material and incorporated within the composite plant-MCT flour, wherein polysaccharide from the plant flour forms part of the wall material. The wall material includes protein, e.g., pea protein, carbohydrate, and emulsifier(s), and/or polysaccharide fiber, e.g., acacia fiber. The plant flour may be gluten-flour, gluten-free flour and/or low carbohydrate seed, nut or vegetable floor. Composite plant-MCT flour can replace traditional flours to make food products, such as baked, fried or boiled goods but with benefits, such as reduced gluten and/or carbohydrates, increased freshness and volume and improved texture and taste compared to alternative flours and even all-purpose flour.