Abstract: A semiconductor device and manufacturing method are disclosed which prevent breakage and chipping of a semiconductor chip and improve device characteristics. A separation layer is in a side surface of an element end portion of the chip. An eave portion is formed by a depressed portion in the element end portion. A collector layer on the rear surface of the chip extends to a side wall and bottom surface of the depressed portion, and is connected to the separation layer. A collector electrode is over the whole surface of the collector layer, and is on the side wall of the depressed portion. The thickness of an outermost electrode film is 0.05 ?m or less. The collector electrode on the rear surface of the chip is joined onto an insulating substrate via a solder layer, which covers the collector electrode on a flat portion of the rear surface of the semiconductor chip.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, and method of manufacturing the device, having a p type diffusion layer; a V-groove including a bottom surface parallel to the rear surface and exposing the p type diffusion layer and a tapered side surface rising from the bottom surface; a p type semiconductor layer on the rear surface surrounded by the tapered side surface of the V-groove; and a p type isolation layer formed on the side surface and electrically connecting the p type diffusion layer on the front surface and the p type semiconductor layer on the rear surface. The V-groove has a chamfered configuration around the intersection between a corner part of the side surface and the bottom surface of the V-groove. An object is to prevent performance degradation due to stress concentration at the corner part of a recessed part caused by thermal history in soldering.

Abstract: In a projection-type display apparatus using light scattering type liquid crystal devices, light from a light source is reflected by a reflecting mirror through a collecting lens; reflected light is converted by a lens into a parallel light beam, which is injected into liquid crystal devices disposed on three sides through a dichroic mirror, the liquid crystal devices coloring an image in red, green and blue; the image is projected on a screen through again the dichroic mirror, the collecting lens and an enlarging lens. Further a photodetector is disposed at a focal point of the collecting lens and a function of adjusting the position of the light source on the basis of a result of this detection is added.

Abstract: In a projection-type display apparatus using light scattering type liquid crystal devices, light from a light source is reflected by a reflecting mirror through a collecting lens; reflected light is converted by a lens into a parallel light beam, which is injected into liquid crystal devices disposed on three sides through a dichroic mirror, the liquid crystal devices coloring an image in red, green and blue; the image is projected on a screen through again the dichroic mirror, the collecting lens and an enlarging lens. Further a photodetector is disposed at a focal point of the collecting lens and a function of adjusting the position of the light source on the basis of a result of this detection is added.

Abstract: In a projection-type display apparatus using light scattering type liquid crystal devices, light from a light source is reflected by a reflecting mirror through a collecting lens; reflected light is converted by a lens into a parallel light beam, which is injected into liquid crystal devices disposed on three sides through a dichroic mirror, the liquid crystal devices coloring an image in red, green and blue; the image is projected on a screen through again the dichroic mirror, the collecting lens and an enlarging lens. Further a photodetector is disposed at a focal point of the collecting lens and a function of adjusting the position of the light source on the basis of a result of this detection is added.

Abstract: In a polarization transforming optics having a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) for transforming x-direction incident light flux from a metal halide light source into a single linearly (z direction) polarized light flux beam heading in the y direction and delivering the beam to, preferably, a light valve of a liquid crystal display (LCD) in a coordinate space, the PBS splits the incident light flux from the light source into split light flux beams, separates the split light flux beams into linearly polarized light flux beams having polarizing directions which are orthogonal to each other, and delivers two linearly polarized outgoing light flux beams having polarizing directions which are orthogonal to each other and heading in directions parallel to a polarizing direction plane. One of the two outgoing light flux beams is deflected by a single mirror to have the same heading direction and polarizing direction as those of the other.

Abstract: A projection-type stereoscopic image display system is disclosed in which a left-eye projection light ray and a right-eye projection light ray are projected from behind a transparent screen thereby to display a stereoscopic image.

Abstract: An optical system of a projection television receiver for projecting pictures from a picture tube onto a screen, comprising a fluorescent face constituting the tube face of the receiver tube having a nonspherical shape in such a direction as to compensate the curve of the image face of the projected picture on the screen, and further comprising lenses arranged from the screen side to the tube face of the picture tube in the order of:(A) a first lens having relatively weak power (reciprocal of focal distance) and having a nonspherical shape at least at one face;(B) a second lens having relatively strong positive power;(C) a third lens having relatively weak power and having a nonspherical shape at least at one face; and(D) a fourth lens having relatively strong negative power and having a concave shape at the face of the screen side.

Abstract: In a projection system wherein an optical system comprising a first lens for correcting a spherical aberration dependent on the aperture length, a second lens for enlargement and a third lens for correcting a field curvature, projects an image reproduced on a CRT having a curved phosphor surface, onto a screen, the third lens is spaced from the CRT so that the region of the phosphor surface which again totally reflects a light which has been totally reflected by a screen-side surface of the third lens is limited to the edge portion of an effective region of the phosphor surface.

Abstract: A projection system comprising from the image end a screen, a lens in which a core portion including the lens axis accomplishes a convergence function and in which a peripheral portion including a lens edge thereof accomplishes the divergence function, a convex lens element, a concave lens element and a CRT having a face glass whose inner surface is coated with a phosphor and is so curved to form a fourth lens element with a curvature center within a core portion including the lens axis is disposed on the screen side of the projection system, the curvature radius of each part of the core portion of the fourth lens increasing thereof in accordance with increments of the semi-aperture distance of each part from the lens axis.

Abstract: A lens system for a projection type television, having high focusing performance, a wide field angle and a reduced size. The lens system is composed of seven lenses, which are arranged successively from the screen side. The first lens, which is concave, and the second lens, which is convex, are cemented together to correct chromatic aberration. The third lens is a plastic lens for the correction of spherical aberration and astigmatism, at least one side of which is aspherical. The fourth lens, which is convex, and the fifth lens, which is concave, are cemented together to constitute an achromatic lens. In order to reduce the deterioration of focusing performance caused by changes in temperature, these two lenses are glass lenses and occupy the greater part of the power of the entire system. The sixth lens is an aspherical plastic lens for the correction of astigmatism and frame aberration, and the seventh lens is a plastic lens for the correction of image field curvature, using an aspherical surface.

Abstract: An optical system of a projection television receiver for projecting pictures from a picture tube onto a screen, comprising a fluorescent face constituting the tube face of the receiver tube having a nonspherical shape in such a direction as to compensate the curve of the image face of the projected picture on the screen, and further comprising lenses arranged from the screen side to the tube face of the picture tube in the order of:(A) a first lens having relatively weak power (reciprocal of focal distance) and having a nonspherical shape at least at one face;(B) a second lens having relatively strong positive power;(C) a third lens having relatively weak power and having a nonspherical shape at least at one face; and(D) a fourth lens having relatively strong negative power and having a concave shape at the face of the screen side.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a projector having an arrangement of polarizers and liquid crystal cells aligned on the axis of light in the order a first color polarizer colored in red, a first twisted nematic liquid crystal cell, a second twisted nematic liquid crystal cell, a second color polarizer colored in a green, a third twisted nematic liquid, a neutral polarizer and Guest-Host type colored in blue. Since, according to this, a polarizer having inferior color characteristics can be replaced by a Guest-Host type liquid crystal cell, the excitation purity and the scope of color reproduction are improved. Further, since the mixture of color is additive, the brightness of the reproduced color is also much improved.

Abstract: An improved lens system for a projection television is described. The lens system is designed to be used with a cathode ray tube having a face glass with an aspheric surface having phosphor elements mounted thereto. The aspheric surface of the face glass has its maximum radius at the optical axis and is of lesser radius outwardly thereof. From the screen, the lens system companies a first aspheric lens of relatively weak power, a second biconvex lens of relatively high positive power, a third aspheric lens of weak positive power and a fourth lens having a concave face on its screen sider and of relatively large negative power.

Abstract: A projection system comprising from the image end a screen, a lens in which a core portion including the lens axis accomplishes a convergence function and in which a peripheral portion including a lens edge thereof accomplishes the divergence function, a convex lens element, a concave lens element and a CRT having a face glass whose inner surface is coated with a phosphor and is so curved to form a fourth lens element with a curvature center within a core portion including the lens axis is disposed on the screen side of the projection system, the curvature radius of each part of the core portion of the fourth lens increasing thereof in accordance with increments of the semi-aperture distance of each part from the lens axis.

Abstract: A projection lens for magnifying an image displayed on a cathode-ray tube and projecting the magnified image on a projection screen comprises a first lens having a substantially plano surface opposite to the cathode-ray tube and a concave surface, a second lens which is convex meniscus lens having a concave surface opposite to the concave surface of the first lens, a third lens having a strongest positive refracting power and at one convex surface, and a fourth lens spaced apart by a predetermined distance from the third lens having at least one convex surface. The first to fourth lenses are arranged in the above order from the side of the cathode-ray tube, and the predetermined distance between the third and fourth lenses is large enough to permit interposition of a plano reflecting mirror therebetween.

Abstract: An improved in-line type electromagnetic focusing cathode-ray tube which comprises magnetic yokes, a focusing magnetic field generating permanent magnet, a deflecting magnetic field control element and a cup-shaped spacer member for separating the magnetic yokes from the deflecting magnetic field control element. The deflecting magnetic field control element is disposed at a distance l.gtoreq.0.26 D from an end of the magnetic yoke closest to a fluorescent screen, where D is an outer diameter of the magnetic yoke, so that a beam spot on the fluorescent screen has substantially circular shape to attain an excellent focusing characteristic.

Abstract: A color television picture tube of three in-line gun type wherein a ring-shaped ferrite permanent magnet or magnets are disposed around a neck portion of the tube, at least a pair of mutually-opposing pole pieces made of highly permeable magnetic material are provided within the tube neck portion as a part of the gun assembly so as to be magnetized by the ring magnet or magnets and to form an electron beam magnetic focusing lens system. In the picture tube, the pole pieces are each of a substantially elliptical cross section as viewed from a plane perpendicular to the tube axis, and spaces are provided between an inner wall of the tube neck portion and the pole pieces to accommodate support rods for gun assembling.

Abstract: An electromagnetic focusing cathode-ray tube in which plural pairs of magnetic material members are arranged within the tube along the tube axis, the magnetic material members in each pair are disposed to oppose each other in the direction of the tube axis with a gap defined therebetween, and the plural magnetic material member pairs and one or more permanent magnet disposed internally or externally of the tube are combined such that magnetic focusing fields having their senses or directions opposite to each other in the direction of the tube axis are formed at the respective gaps associated with the adjacent magnetic material pairs.

Abstract: There is disclosed an in-line type three-gun color picture tube with a couple of magnetic members inside its neck portion and a further magnet outside its neck portion. The respective magnetic members are provided with three through-holes permitting electron beams emitted from the electron guns to pass through and are disposed separately in a beam traveling path, so that the periphery of the through-holes of one of the magnetic members is magnetized in S pole and that of the other magnetic member is magnetized in N pole, and accordingly a focusing magnetic field is formed between the respective pairs of the through-holes which are opposite to each other.