Abstract: A lithium primary battery includes a wound electrode body obtained by winding a sheet-like positive electrode, a sheet-like negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The positive electrode includes manganese dioxide as a positive electrode active material. The negative electrode includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metallic lithium and lithium alloys, and has a first principal surface and a second principal surface opposite to the first principal surface. An entire surface of each of the first principal surface and the second principal surface faces the positive electrode. A total area of the first principal surface and the second principal surface is 100 cm2 or more and 180 cm2 or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a developing device, first and second drive portions, and a controller. The developing device includes first, second, and third conveying screws, and a developer bearing member. A ratio of a rotational driving speed (Vsc) of the first and second conveying screws by the first drive portion to a rotational driving speed (Vs1) of the developer bearing member by the second drive portion is Vsc/Vs1. A ratio of a rotational driving speed (Vsc3) of the third conveying screw by the second drive portion to the developer bearing member rotational driving speed (Vs1) is Vsc3/Vs1. In a control mode, the controller controls the first and second drive portions so that Vsc/Vs1 in a non-image forming period becomes less than Vsc/Vs1 in an image forming period such that Vsc3/Vs1 in the non-image forming period is equal to Vsc3/Vs1 in the image forming period.

Abstract: A lithium primary battery includes an outer can, a wound-electrode assembly, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The wound-electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator which are provided between the electrodes and are wound together. The positive electrode contains manganese dioxide. The negative electrode contains at least one substance selected from the group consisting of metallic lithium and metallic lithium containing a lithium alloy, and has a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface. The first main surface and an entirety of the second main surface of the negative electrode face the positive electrode. The total area S of the first main surface and the second main surface of the negative electrode satisfies 250 cm2?S?700 cm2. The thickness Tp of the positive electrode satisfies 0.8 mm?Tp?1.4 mm. The outer diameter D of the outer can satisfies 25 mm?D?37 mm.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a developing device, first and second drive portions, and a controller. The developing device includes first, second, and third conveying screws, and a developer bearing member. A ratio of a rotational driving speed (Vsc) of the first and second conveying screws by the first drive portion to a rotational driving speed (Vs1) of the developer bearing member by the second drive portion is Vsc/Vs1. A ratio of a rotational driving speed (Vsc3) of the third conveying screw by the second drive portion to the developer bearing member rotational driving speed (Vs1) is Vsc3/Vs1. In a control mode, the controller controls the first and second drive portions so that Vsc/Vs1 in a non-image forming period becomes less than Vsc/Vs1 in an image forming period such that Vsc3/Vs1 in the non-image forming period is equal to Vsc3/Vs1 in the image forming period.

Abstract: A change of a magnetic flux density distribution adjacent to a regulating blade 9 opposed to a developer regulation pole is suppressed at a low cost, while suppressing influence to design latitude of magnetic poles. A position on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve where the magnetic flux density in the normal line direction of the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve is a maximum value position. The position on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve 8 corresponding to a center portion position of the half peak range of the magnetic flux density distribution of the developer regulation pole is called half peak center portion.

Abstract: A change of a magnetic flux density distribution adjacent to a regulating blade 9 opposed to a developer regulation pole is suppressed at a low cost, while suppressing influence to design latitude of magnetic poles. A position on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve where the magnetic flux density in the normal line direction of the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve is a maximum value position. The position on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve 8 corresponding to a center portion position of the half peak range of the magnetic flux density distribution of the developer regulation pole is called half peak center portion.

Abstract: A change of a magnetic flux density distribution adjacent to a regulating blade 9 opposed to a developer regulation pole is suppressed at a low cost, while suppressing influence to design latitude of magnetic poles. A position on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve where the magnetic flux density in the normal line direction of the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve is a maximum value position. The position on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve 8 corresponding to a center portion position of the half peak range of the magnetic flux density distribution of the developer regulation pole is called half peak center portion.

Abstract: A change of a magnetic flux density distribution adjacent to a regulating blade 9 opposed to a developer regulation pole is suppressed at a low cost, while suppressing influence to design latitude of magnetic poles. A position on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve where the magnetic flux density in the normal line direction of the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve is a maximum value position. The position on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve 8 corresponding to a center portion position of the half peak range of the magnetic flux density distribution of the developer regulation pole is called half peak center portion.

Abstract: A change of a magnetic flux density distribution adjacent to a regulating blade 9 opposed to a developer regulation pole is suppressed at a low cost, while suppressing influence to design latitude of magnetic poles. A position on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve where the magnetic flux density in the normal line direction of the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve is a maximum value position. The position on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve 8 corresponding to a center portion position of the half peak range of the magnetic flux density distribution of the developer regulation pole is called half peak center portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a controller to control a driving device such that a rotational speed of a supplying and feeding screw when it is rotated a predetermined number of times to supply developer to a developing device in a predetermined amount during execution of a continuous image forming job on a plurality of first recording materials is a first rotational speed, and a rotational speed of the supplying and feeding screw when it is rotated the predetermined number of times to supply the developer in the predetermined amount during execution of a continuous image forming job on a plurality of second recording materials is a second rotational speed slower than the first rotational speed. The second recording materials have a length longer than the first recording materials with respect to a sub-scan direction.

Abstract: A change of a magnetic flux density distribution adjacent to a regulating blade 9 opposed to a developer regulation pole is suppressed at a low cost, while suppressing influence to design latitude of magnetic poles. A position on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve where the magnetic flux density in the normal line direction of the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve is a maximum value position. The position on the outer peripheral surface of the developing sleeve 8 corresponding to a center portion position of the half peak range of the magnetic flux density distribution of the developer regulation pole is called half peak center portion.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developing container accommodating a developer, a developing sleeve having a plurality of magnetic poles arranged in a circumferential direction, and a regulating member configured to regulate a layer thickness of the developer carried on the developing sleeve. The magnetic poles include a regulation pole disposed opposed to the regulating member such that a maximum value position at which a magnetic flux density in a normal line direction of the developing sleeve is a maximum is not less than 3° away in a circumferential direction of the developing sleeve from a half peak center portion position which is a center portion position of a half-peak width of the magnetic flux density. The regulating member is disposed downstream of the half peak center portion position and upstream of the maximum value position with respect to a rotational direction of the developing sleeve.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a developing device including a developer container, a feeding member, and a developer carrying member; a toner supplying portion including a feeding screw, and a controller; and a supply rotation number determining portion. The controller controls the driving portion so that the feeding screw is rotated at a first rotational speed when the supply rotation number determining portion determines a number of times of the rotation at a first integer of times of rotation and so that the feeding screw is rotated at a second rotational speed slower than the first rotational speed when the supply rotation number determining portion determines the number of times of the rotation at a second integer of times of rotation smaller than the first integer of times of rotation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming portion configured to form an image on a recording media and including a developer bearing member configured to bear developer and carry the developer, a regulating portion disposed opposite to the developer bearing member and configured to regulate an amount of the developer on the developer bearing member, a first chamber configured to supply the developer to the developer bearing member, and a second chamber configured to communicate with the first chamber to form a circulating route of the developer. In addition, a first feeding member feeds the developer in the first chamber, and a second feeding member feeds the developer in the second chamber. A control portion executes, in a non-image forming state, a mode of driving the developer bearing member in a condition in which the first feeding member is stopped.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a developing device, a supplying device, and a control unit. The image bearing member bears a latent image. The developing device develops the latent image with a toner. The supplying device supplies toner to the developing device. The control unit executes a discharge operation to consume toner transferred onto the image bearing member from the developing device without transferring the toner onto a recording medium. The control unit executes the discharge operation where first deterioration integrated information exceeds a first executing threshold, and where second deterioration integrated information exceeds a second executing threshold that is larger than the first executing threshold.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming portion configured to form an image on a recording media and including a developer bearing member configured to bear developer and carry the developer, a regulating portion disposed opposite to the developer bearing member and configured to regulate an amount of the developer on the developer bearing member, a first chamber configured to supply the developer to the developer bearing member, and a second chamber configured to communicate with the first chamber to form a circulating route of the developer. In addition, a first feeding member feeds the developer in the first chamber, and a second feeding member feeds the developer in the second chamber. A control portion executes, in a non-image forming state, a mode of driving the developer bearing member in a condition in which the first feeding member is stopped.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developing container accommodating a developer including toner and magnetic particles, a developer carrying member rotatably provided opposed to an opening of the developing container, a stirring member configured to stir the developer in the developing container to supply the developer to the developer carrying member, a first driving device configured to drive the developer carrying member, and a second driving device configured to drive the stirring member. A controller controls drive of the first driving device and the second driving device so that in a period from output of either earlier one of a stop signal of the first driving device and a stop signal of the second driving device to rotational speeds of both of the developer carrying member and the stirring member becoming not more than ½ of rotational speeds in a steady state during image formation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming portion having a first feeding member to feed developer in a first chamber, a second feeding member to feed the developer in a second chamber; and a control portion to execute a plurality of modes by suspending image forming. A first mode circulates the developer in a condition in which a ratio of a rotational speed of the developer bearing member to a rotational speed of the first and second feeding members is decreased as compared to that in forming the images; and a second mode increases the ratio of the rotational speed of the developer bearing member to the rotational speed of the first feeding member as compared to that in forming the images. The second mode is executed after the first mode and before resuming the image forming operation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that continuously carries out image formation on a plurality of recording materials includes an image bearing member and a developing device configured to develop an electrostatic latent image on the image bearing member. A first feeding screw is provided in a developing chamber and includes a first screw portion, a second screw portion and a third screw portion. Each of the second and third screw portions are provided with a blade portion formed helically on an outer peripheral surface of a rotation shaft of the first feeding screw, and the first screw portion is not provided with the blade portion. Based on information on the relative humidity in the developing container and on the amount of toner consumed with the image formation on a plurality of recording materials, a controller controls a driving speed for rotationally driving the first feeding screw by a driving device.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developer carrying member for carrying a developer; a circulation path along which the developer is circulated; a carrier supplying portion; a discharge opening, provided in the circulation path, through which a portion of the developer is to be overflowed and discharged; and a feeding member comprising a rotation shaft and a blade portion including a helical portion. An outer diameter of the blade portion formed in a first region including at least a portion opposing the discharge opening is smaller than that in a second region adjacent to the first region with respect to a rotation shaft direction. A smaller average angle formed between the rotation shaft and a developer feeding surface of the blade portion in the first region is smaller than that in the second region.