Abstract: A method of spectrum access for wireless communications by a secondary unlicensed unit in a CRN environment comprising one or more secondary unlicensed mobile units and one or more primary licensed units includes receiving information indicative of a location and movement of one or more secondary unlicensed units and a channel usage pattern and spatial distribution of one or more primary licensed units is accessed and a guard distance to shield the one or more primary licensed units from interference is calculated. The channel availability to the one or more secondary unlicensed units is then calculated according to a two-state Markov model including the guard distance as a constraint and based on the information indicative of the location and movement of the one or more secondary unlicensed units and the channel usage pattern and spatial distribution of the one or more primary licensed units.

Abstract: Coordinated multipoint communication is a technology for improving cell-edge performance for users in a cell-type mobile communication system. In order to enable a coordinated multipoint transmission/reception operation, a user equipment report of a local environment is required to select both coordinated communication modes and communication partners in evolved Node B (eNB) base stations. According to the present invention, a method is described for feeding back information from User Equipment (UE) to a serving base station to enable a coordinated multi-point transmission/reception operation. The information reported through the feedback is classified into two categories corresponding to received signal intensity information and received signal timing information. The UE may select one or both types of information from between the categories to provide feedback. In embodiments of the present invention, various overhead-reducing reporting formats are described.

Abstract: A copper line having self assembled monolayer for use in ULSI semiconductor devices and methods of making the same are presented. The copper line includes an interlayer dielectric, a self-assembled monolayer, catalytic particles on the monolayer, and a copper layer on the monolayer with the catalytic particles. The method includes the steps of forming an interlayer dielectric on a semiconductor substrate having a metal line forming region; forming a self-assembled monolayer on the metal line forming region; adsorbing catalytic particles on the self-assembled monolayer; forming using an electroless process a copper seed layer on the self-assembled monolayer having the catalytic particles adsorbed thereto; and forming a copper layer on the copper seed layer to fill in the metal line forming region.

Abstract: A transmission/reception method and apparatus for a mobile communication system supporting uplink MIMO is provided. In the transmission method, a User Equipment (UE) transmits two transport blocks according to a predetermined number of layers and respective precoding indices, an evolve Node B (eNB) transmits, when one of the transport blocks is lost, a negative acknowledgement for the lost transport block, and the UE sets a precoding index for the lost transport block to a predetermined value to retransmit the lost transport block while maintaining the number of layers.

Abstract: IP state-vector manager determines state vector value by updating token numbers of IP state vector according to source and destination IP addresses of the received packet, and obtains state number of state vector value by counting state vector value. Port-number state-vector manager determines state vector value by updating token numbers of port-number state vector according to source and destination token numbers of packet, and obtains state number of state vector value by counting state vector value. Entropy calculator calculates entropies related to IP address and port number, based on number and state number of state vector values related to IP state vector and port-number state vector. Anomalous event determiner determines whether there is anomalous event in network based on calculated entropies. Anomalous event can be efficiently detected with minimized false negative and positive rates.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving a Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) Acknowledge/Negative acknowledge (ACK/NACK) signal in a mobile communication system. The apparatus and method distribute a CDM segment, to which an ACK/NACK signal is mapped, in the frequency domain of an OFDM symbol, and repeatedly transmits the CDM segment, thereby providing diversity gain in the time-frequency domain. Further, the apparatus and method provide a mapping rule for distributing transmit power between OFDM symbols to which the ACK/NACK signal is mapped and transmitted, thereby preventing a particular OFDM symbol power-overload, and thus contributing to improvement of the entire system performance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fractional RB (Resource Block) allocation method which enables resource allocation in a unit smaller than RB to improve the capacity of VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) in an LTE (Long Term Evolution) system. That is, the present invention introduces a resource arrangement method which allows different users to share the same resource, without even using an SDMA, and a method for informing the fractional RB allocation and how to use the same. A method for introducing multiplexation into an RB and changing the RE arrangement is proposed to support the downlink fractional RB allocation. A method for changing the RE arrangement is also proposed to support the uplink fractional RB allocation. According to the present invention, to provide a consistent service with a small amount of traffic generated as in the VoIP, resources of a smaller amount than a single RB can be used for a terminal with a good channel state.

Abstract: In a wireless network that operates according to the Long-Term Evolution Advanced standard, a mobile station determines a number of resource elements to be used for HARQ-ACK (hybrid automatic-repeat-request acknowledgement information) or RI (rank indication) on a MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel). In an embodiment, the mobile station determines a number O of bits in a payload for HARQ-ACK or RI. When the payload O is within a first range, the mobile station determines a minimum number Qmin of resource elements to be used according to a first equation. When the payload O is within a second range, the mobile station determines the minimum number Qmin of resource elements to be used according to a second equation. The mobile station then determines the number Q? of resource elements according to Qmin and a third equation.

Abstract: A system for enabling streaming video to a mobile client includes a plurality of fixed node peers linked to the mobile client via one or more networks as well as a video source linked to fixed node peers and configured to provide streaming video data representing a video presentation to each of the fixed node peers. A decoder assembly associated with each of the fixed node peers is configured to decode the streaming video data and to transcode a portion of the decoded streaming video data for transmission to the mobile client. A video substream manager and interleaver on the mobile client is provided for receiving the transcoded output of the decoder assemblies of the fixed node peers and reconstructing the video presentation on a screen of the mobile client.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for receiving/transmitting an Acknowledgement (ACK)/Negative Acknowledgement (NACK) signal in a wireless communication system are provided. User data and a pilot are transmitted via a Physical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH). An ACK/NACK resource is identified based on a resource index of the transmitted user data. The ACK/NACK signal corresponding to the transmitted user data is received using the ACK/NACK resource.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor light-emitting device. The light-emitting device comprises a first conductive clad layer, an active layer, and a second conductive clad layer sequentially formed on a substrate. In the light-emitting device, the substrate has one or more side patterns formed on an upper surface thereof while being joined to one or more edges of the upper surface. The side patterns consist of protrusions or depressions so as to scatter or diffract light to an upper portion or a lower portion of the light-emitting device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for hopping of a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) control segment that carries control information in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) packet data mobile communication system are provided, in which a number of CDMA control segment hopping zones, each CDMA control segment hopping zone representing a frequency area for CDMA control segment hopping, is determined according to a total number of available tiles in the system and a number of tiles per CDMA control segment, each tile including a predetermined number of subcarriers, or according to a total number of available subcarriers in the system and a number of subcarriers per CDMA control segment. Start points of the hopping zones are determined using the number of the hopping zones, and the control information is transmitted or received in the CDMA control segment through hopping of the CDMA control segment over the hopping zones using the start points.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mapping coded data symbols to resources in a mobile communication system. An S/P converter converts a serial signal including user data or control information into a plurality of parallel signals. A DFT unit performs Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) on the parallel signals output from the S/P converter. A controller controls the DFT unit so that among the signals output from the S/P converter, a control channel is mapped in the maximum available resources to which the control channel can be mapped, among the resources included in a resource block, and data symbols are mapped to the remaining resources, except for the maximum available resources to which the control channel can be mapped. A subcarrier mapper allocates the signals output from the DFT unit to subcarriers. An RF processor converts a signal output from the subcarrier mapper into a radio signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for transmitting processing reference signals in a mobile communication system. A base station determines a reference signal pattern comprising at least one resource element, generates a bitmap indicator indicating whether zero transmission power is assigned to the at least one resource element of the reference signal pattern, and transmits the reference signal pattern and the bitmap indicator to a terminal. The terminal receives the reference signal pattern and the bitmap indicator, and processes a reference signal extracted according to the reference signal pattern and the bitmap indicator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for allocating resources in a base station of a wireless communication system that performs communication using frequency resources. The method includes dividing subcarriers into subcarrier sets each including a predetermined number of consecutive subcarriers, and generating a resource index table mapped to consecutive indexes such that a distance between subcarriers in the subcarrier sets is maximized; and determining an amount of resources to be transmitted through a downlink according to a channel condition, for data to be transmitted to each terminal, and allocating resources to the terminal using the index value in the resource index table.

Abstract: A method of mobile authentication with enhanced mutual authentication and handover security is disclosed. The method of mutual authentication in a mobile network in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: generating at least one service ticket and session key corresponding to a mobile station in accordance with an authentication data request for the mobile station; encrypting the service ticket and the session key by using a user security key pre-assigned in accordance with the mobile station; sending the encrypted service ticket and session key to the mobile station by using a control message; and authenticating the mobile station by analyzing user mutual authentication information received from the mobile station. The present invention, therefore, can provide a more powerful and effective mutual authentication method in a mobile network.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system a control channel is required in order to use limited resources effectively. However, the control channel resource is part of the system overhead, and thus reduces the data channel resource used for data transmission. In the long term evolution (LTE) system based on OFDM, one sub frame the consists of fourteen OFDM symbols wherein a maximum of three OFDM symbols are used for the control channel resource and remaining eleven OFDM symbols are used for the data channel resource. Therefore, the quantity of energy that can be transmitted for the control channel resource is extremely limited compared to the data channel resource. For this reason, the coverage of the control channel becomes less than that &; of the data channel, and even if a user can successfully receive the data channel, reception failure of a control channel sometimes˜results in failure of data recovery.

Abstract: A method for streaming audio data in a network, the audio data having a sequence of samples, includes encoding the sequence of samples into a plurality of coded base bitstreams, generating a plurality of enhancement streams, and transmitting the coded base bitstreams and the enhancement bitstreams to a receiver for decoding. Each of the enhancement bitstreams is generated from one of a plurality of non-overlapping portions of the sequence of samples.

Abstract: A method for transmitting/receiving a data control channel in a wireless communication system that transmits packet data. The transmission method includes transmitting packet data over a packet data channel, transmitting a control channel and receiving an ACKnowledgement (ACK) signal from a terminal that has received the control channel. The reception method includes receiving packet data and a control channel, acquiring control information by demodulating the control channel, and detecting an error in the control channel, and sending the error detection result to a base station as an ACK signal, if the control channel has been transmitted to the terminal itself.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for efficient ACKnowledgment/NonACKnowledgement (ACK/NACK) transmission in order to transmit forward data for multiple layers and support Hybrid Automatic Retransmission reQuest (HARQ) for each layer in a mobile communication system. The method includes determining whether transmission of the ACK/NACK is for a first layer or for layers higher than the first layer; and when the transmission of the ACK/NACK is for layers higher than the first layer, transmitting the reverse ACK/NACK by allocating resources to the higher layers with a quantity different from that of the first layer.