Abstract: A method for transmitting data in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system. The data transmission method includes determining a number of diversity tiles, each of which includes physically separated frequency resources; dividing an entire system band into diversity subbands including the diversity tiles and localized subbands including localized tiles, each of which includes physically adjacent frequency resources, when the determined number of diversity tiles is greater than a threshold; uniformly distributing the diversity tiles over the entire system band, and disposing the localized tiles in the remaining bands except for the diversity tiles, when the determined number of diversity tiles is not greater than the threshold; and transmitting data to multiple terminals over the configured diversity tiles and localized tiles using diversity transmission and localized transmission schemes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus using Virtual Circuit Switching (VCS) in a new scheme are provided for allocating and employing resources by combining Circuit Switching (CS) and Packet Switching (PS), in which a base station allocates resources of a dedicated channel using the CS to a user and then transmits data on the dedicated channel. When data is not transmitted to the user, the base station allocates the allocated dedicated channel resources for resources of a shared channel and transmits data of a different user. Therefore, system capacity can be increased and a waste of communication resources can be minimized in a wireless communication system for frequently transmitting a small amount of traffic that is sensitive to a delay time.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a display area, in which pixels are arranged, and a non-display area, a driving circuit on the non-display area of the display panel, the driving circuit being configured to drive the pixels and including a memory cell, and a delay circuit on the non-display area of the display panel, the delay circuit being connected to the memory cell of the driving circuit and being configured to delay a signal input to the memory cell of the driving circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a circularly polarized antenna with a wide beam width, in which four U-shaped metal strips are disposed in a circular shape, and four signals having the same magnitude and phase difference intervals of 90 degrees are fed to the respective metal strips so as to transceive circularly polarized waves. The disclosed circularly polarized antenna includes a ground plane, a central patch formed in the center of an upper surface of the ground plane, and a plurality of radiation patches disposed above the ground plane and around the central patch in a circular shape, wherein signals having the same magnitude and preset phase differences are fed to respective radiation patches.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image output method for a display device which outputs three-dimensional contents, and to a display device employing the method, and more specifically, relates to: an image output method for a display device, wherein a judgment is made as to whether an image signal contains three-dimensional image data, the image signal is then subjected to image processing in accordance with whether or not it contains three-dimensional image data, and any three-dimensional image data contained in the image signal is output in 3D format; and to a display device employing the method.

Abstract: A mobile terminal and a method for downloading a message in a mobile terminal, the method includes receiving a notification message comprising information indicating whether a media file included in a transmitted message is modified, and selectively requesting downloading of the transmitted message to the mobile terminal, if the media file is modified, based upon a message reception mode of the mobile terminal.

Abstract: A mobile station apparatus for determining reverse transmission power in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing system is provided. A reception module receives from a base station a Reverse-Link Assignment Message including a Packet Format (PF) field and a Reverse-Link Power Control (RLPC) field. A power level adjuster determines a nominal reverse transmission power level depending on information of the PF field, and determines a relative final transmission power level shifted by an offset value defined in the RLPC field from the nominal transmission power level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for hopping of a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) control segment that carries control information in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) packet data mobile communication system are provided, in which a number of CDMA control segment hopping zones, each CDMA control segment hopping zone representing a frequency area for CDMA control segment hopping, is determined according to a total number of available tiles in the system and a number of tiles per CDMA control segment, each tile including a predetermined number of subcarriers, or according to a total number of available subcarriers in the system and a number of subcarriers per CDMA control segment. Start points of the hopping zones are determined using the number of the hopping zones, and the control information is transmitted or received in the CDMA control segment through hopping of the CDMA control segment over the hopping zones using the start points.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for efficient ACKnowledgment/NonACKnowledgement (ACK/NACK) transmission in order to transmit forward data for multiple layers and support Hybrid Automatic Retransmission reQuest (HARQ) for each layer in a mobile communication system. The method includes determining whether transmission of the ACK/NACK is for a first layer or for layers higher than the first layer; and when the transmission of the ACK/NACK is for layers higher than the first layer, transmitting the reverse ACK/NACK by allocating resources to the higher layers with a quantity different from that of the first layer.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for controlling program conversion according to program protection information. The method for controlling conversion of a broadcasting program includes: demultiplexing a broadcasting program into broadcasting program data and program protection information; encrypting the broadcasting program data based on distribution condition of the program protection information when recordation of the broadcasting program data is requested; and recording the encrypted broadcasting program data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable and compact umbrella capable of being folded compactly without exposing umbrella ribs and umbrella cloth thereby being easily carried and stored. A portable and compact umbrella according to the present invention includes an extendable umbrella stick extended and retracted to change its length, wherein the extendable umbrella stick has a sheltering means provided at one side thereof and a fixing protrusion provided at the other side thereof; and a handle member having both ends communicating with each other and a receiving space defined therein, wherein the receiving space is partitioned by a cylindrical winding unit, the winding unit has an inner space formed inside thereof so that the extendable umbrella stick is retracted and received in the inner space, and the winding unit has an outer space formed outside thereof so that the sheltering means is wound around the winding unit and received in the outer space.

Abstract: A method for supporting frequency hopping of a transmission apparatus by a reception apparatus in a wireless communication system supporting Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ). The method includes determining whether a particular transmission apparatus has a need to perform hopping of allocating a different logical channel every Transmission Time Interval (TTI); and when there is no need to perform hopping every TTI, sending to the transmission apparatus a command to perform hopping every multiple TTIs, and simultaneously signaling information on a number of the multiple TTIs.

Abstract: A system and method for concurrently performing a group communication and a one-to-one communication in a wireless Internet Protocol (IP) network are disclosed. The method includes requesting, upon receipt of a one-to-one communication request from another terminal during a voice group communication, a concurrent mode service to the server by a compound terminal, determining, upon receipt of a group communication IP packet, whether there is a concurrent mode user among group members to receive a voice data packet corresponding to the group communication IP packet by a server, converting the group communication IP packet to a text data packet in the presence of a concurrent mode user by the server, transmitting the text data packet to the concurrent mode user by the server, and transmitting the voice data packet corresponding to the group communication IP packet to group communication mode users except for the concurrent mode user by the server.

Abstract: Preparing a nanoliposome for encapsulating a protein includes preparing a dispersion by dispersing a phospholipid in an aqueous solution containing the protein, applying a shearing force to the dispersion; adding an additional amount of the phospholipid to the result of the step of applying the shearing force to the dispersion and then applying a shearing force higher than that of the step of applying the shearing force to the dispersion, and repeating the step of adding the additional amount of the phospholipid and applying the higher shearing force with an additional amount of the phospholipid and a shearing force higher than the prior step to obtain a nanoliposome having a desired diameter and encapsulation efficiency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus using Virtual Circuit Switching (VCS) in a new scheme are provided for allocating and employing resources by combining Circuit Switching (CS) and Packet Switching (PS), in which a base station allocates resources of a dedicated channel using the CS to a user and then transmits data on the dedicated channel. When data is not transmitted to the user, the base station allocates the allocated dedicated channel resources for resources of a shared channel and transmits data of a different user. Therefore, system capacity can be increased and a waste of communication resources can be minimized in a wireless communication system for frequently transmitting a small amount of traffic that is sensitive to a delay time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus using Virtual Circuit Switching (VCS) in a new scheme are provided for allocating and employing resources by combining Circuit Switching (CS) and Packet Switching (PS), in which a base station allocates resources of a dedicated channel using the CS to a user and then transmits data on the dedicated channel. When data is not transmitted to the user, the base station allocates the allocated dedicated channel resources for resources of a shared channel and transmits data of a different user. Therefore, system capacity can be increased and a waste of communication resources can be minimized in a wireless communication system for frequently transmitting a small amount of traffic that is sensitive to a delay time.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal and a method of link management are discussed. According to an embodiment, the terminal includes a display unit for indicating a message including at least one specific data; a link manager for setting a link to the at least one specific data included in the message, and assigning a sign to each specific data; and a transmitter for sending the message including the sign(s) assigned by the link manager.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an image comparison device using a personal video recorder, the device comprising: a display unit configured to output a reference image; at least one camera configured to obtain a comparison image by taking a picture of a present scene of a subject chasing a movement of an object included in the reference image while the reference image is displayed on the screen of the display unit; and a controller configured to display the comparison image along with the reference image on the screen, and a method using the image comparison device.

Abstract: A method of generating a common voltage for driving a display panel includes; comparing image data of a previous frame with image data of a present frame to determine whether the image data of the previous frame, which is received during a first setting time, is substantially the same as the image data of the present frame, determining a voltage level of the common voltage applied to the display panel in accordance with whether the image data of the previous frame is substantially the same as the image data of the present frame, generating the common voltage corresponding to the determined voltage level, and providing the display panel with the common voltage.

Abstract: Biocompatible materials that have the ability to release nitric oxide (NO) in situ at the surface-blood interface when in contact with blood. The materials which may be polymers (e.g., polyurethane, poly(vinyl chloride), silicone rubbers), metals, such as stainless steel, carbon, and the like are provided with biocatalysts or biomimetic catalysts on their surface that have nitrite, nitrate, and/or nitrosothiol-reducing capability. Illustratively, the catalysts are adsorbed or immobilized at the surface of the material. The catalysts can act on endogenous nitrite, nitrate, or nitrosothiols within the blood creating a local increase in the NO levels at the surface of the material. An illustrative enzymatic biocatalyst is mammalian xanthine oxidase. In another illustrative embodiment, a biomimetic catalyst is a copper (Cu(II)-ligand complex, e.g. dibenzo[e,k]-2,3,8,9-tetraphenyl-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododeca-1,3,7,9-tetraene. In some cases, lipophilic salts of nitrite/nitrate (e.g.