Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes forming a hard mask pattern over a substrate, forming an isolation layer for defining an active region by using the hard mask pattern, forming a buried gate in and across the active region and the isolation layer over the substrate, forming an inter-layer dielectric layer over the substrate, forming a storage node contact hole that exposes the hard mask pattern by selectively etching the inter-layer dielectric layer, extending the storage node contact hole to expose the active region by removing the hard mask pattern exposed under the storage node contact hole, and forming a storage node contact plug that fills the extended storage node contact hole.

Abstract: An efficient new route for the preparation of dihydroeponemycin, an active eponemycin derivative, is provided, which includes the synthesis of the intermediate compound, a hydroxymethyl-substituted enone. In addition, a method is provided for synthesizing inhibitors, which includes PI?-modified analogues. These analogues selectively bind to a major immunoproteasome catalytic subunit LMP2 and inactivate its proteolytic activity in a method of treating diseases, including myeloma and other cancers, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Peptide-based compounds including heteroatom-containing, three-membered rings efficiently and selectively inhibit specific activities of N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolases. The activities of those Ntn having multiple activities can be differentially inhibited by the compounds described. For example, the chymotrypsin-like and PGPH activities of the 20S proteasome can be selectively inhibited with the inventive compounds. The peptide-based compounds include an electron withdrawing group adjacent to the ring functionality, and the peptide include at least three peptide units. Among other therapeutic utilities, the peptide-based compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and inhibition of cell proliferation, involving therapeutic applications for these compounds.

Abstract: Peptide-based compounds including heteroatom-containing, three-membered rings efficiently and selectively inhibit specific activities of N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolases. The activities of those Ntn having multiple activities can be differentially inhibited by the compounds described. For example, the chymotrypsin-like and PGPH activities of the 20S proteasome can be selectively inhibited with the inventive compounds. The peptide-based compounds include an electron withdrawing group adjacent to the ring functionality, and the peptide include at least three peptide units. Among other therapeutic utilities, the peptide-based compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and inhibition of cell proliferation, involving therapeutic applications for these compounds.

Abstract: Novel withanolide chemical genetic probes identify the in vivo binding target of withaferin A, which is the intermediate filament type III protein vimentin. In addition, a withanolide-based small molecule screening method screens drug candidates that target intermediate filament type III proteins. The method includes introducing a tagged linker covalently bonded to the withanolide molecule to form a withanolide probe. Better or alternative small molecule compounds as potential drug candidates can be generated based on their likely affinity for the determined binding site in vimentin. The affinity labeled withanolide can also be used to find intermediate filament-associated proteins using chemical proteomics by extracting proteins from cells that were exposed to withanolide-biotin analog. The withanolide probes can be used to monitor expression of vimentin, in tumor samples or other diseased tissues.

Abstract: An efficient new route for the preparation of dihydroeponemycin, an active eponemycin derivative, is provided, which includes the synthesis of the intermediate compound, a hydroxymethyl-substituted enone. In addition, a method is provided for synthesizing inhibitors, which includes PI?-modified analogues. These analogues selectively bind to a major immunoproteasome catalytic subunit LMP2 and inactivate its proteolytic activity in a method of treating diseases, including myeloma and other cancers, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: Peptide-based compounds including heteroatom-containing, three-membered rings efficiently and selectively inhibit specific activities of N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolases. The activities of those Ntn having multiple activities can be differentially inhibited by the compounds described. For example, the chymotrypsin-like and PGPH activities of the 20S proteasome can be selectively inhibited with the inventive compounds. The peptide-based compounds include an electron withdrawing group adjacent to the ring functionality, and the peptide include at least three peptide units. Among other therapeutic utilities, the peptide-based compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and inhibition of cell proliferation, involving therapeutic applications for these compounds.

Abstract: Peptide-based compounds including heteroatom-containing, three-membered rings efficiently and selectively inhibit specific activities of N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolases. The activities of those Ntn having multiple activities can be differentially inhibited by the compounds described. For example, the chymotrypsin-like and PGPH activities of the 20S proteasome can be selectively inhibited with the inventive compounds. The peptide-based compounds include an electron withdrawing group adjacent to the ring functionality, and the peptide include at least three peptide units. Among other therapeutic utilities, the peptide-based compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and inhibition of cell proliferation, involving therapeutic applications for these compounds.