Abstract: A display device includes a pixel, which includes at least one first light emitting element disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode; at least one second light emitting element disposed between a second electrode and a third electrode; at least one third light emitting element disposed between a third electrode and a fourth electrode; a first intermediate electrode disposed on the second electrode and electrically connected to the at least one first light emitting element and the at least one second light emitting element; and a second intermediate electrode disposed on the fourth electrode and electrically connected to the at least one third light emitting elements. The first intermediate electrode and the second intermediate electrode are electrically connected to each other.

Abstract: A tiled display device includes a display device. The display device including a substrate, a plurality of transistors on one surface of the substrate, a plurality of light emitting elements on the plurality of transistors, a plurality of bottom wirings on a rear surface of the substrate, and a first selective reflective film between the substrate and the plurality of bottom wirings. The first selective reflective film includes M pairs of first layers and second layers, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2. A refractive index of the first layer is higher than a refractive index of the second layer.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate; a connection electrode on the substrate; a light emitting element on the connection electrode and including a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second semiconductor layer sequentially arranged in a third direction; and an insulating layer covering the connection electrode and the light emitting element. The insulating layer has openings spaced apart from each other and exposing the second semiconductor layer of the light emitting element, and the second semiconductor layer has a plurality of grooves corresponding to the openings in the insulating layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a semiconductor material, and more specifically, to an organic semiconductor thin film transistor having a vertical structure, a fusion device of an optical semiconductor material, and a method of manufacturing the same, provides a vertical organic transistor including a substrate, a first electrode layer formed on the substrate, a lower charge transport layer formed on the first electrode layer, a photosensitive layer formed on the lower charge transport layer, an upper charge transport layer formed on the photosensitive layer, a second electrode layer including a base electrode formed on the upper charge transport layer, a plurality of pinholes formed in the base electrode and configured to provide a movement path of charges, and a metal oxide layer surrounding a surface of the base electrode and the pinholes, an organic active layer formed on the second electrode layer, and a third electrode layer formed on the organic active layer.

Abstract: The display device includes a flexible base layer including a first region and a second region located around the first; a display unit on one surface of the first region and including a light emitting element; a driving circuit on the second region and including a plurality of first bumps arranged in a first row and a plurality of second bumps arranged in a second row, the driving circuit includes a third bump in the first row and disposed outward relative to the plurality of first bumps, a first and second reference bump each disposed at a center of the plurality of first and second bumps that are disposed along a reference line defined in a column direction vertically intersecting a row direction, the remaining first and second bumps excluding the first reference bump and the second reference bump arranged to have a preset slope with respect to the reference line.

Abstract: The present disclosure is that plating steel with spangles can be subjected to constant humidity heat treatment. Due to this, the degree of blackening is different depending on the spangle pattern, and then a black plated steel sheet having a marble texture and a beautiful pattern can be obtained when the blackening is completed.

Abstract: A pixel may include a substrate, a dummy insulating pattern on the substrate, a first electrode on the substrate and including a (1-1)th electrode and a (1-2)th electrode that are spaced from each other and aligned with each other along a first direction, a second electrode spaced from the first electrode in a second direction different from the first direction, and including a (2-1)th electrode and a (2-2)th electrode that are spaced from each other and aligned with each other along the first direction, a plurality of light emitting elements electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode and emitting light, and a first insulating layer on each of the light emitting elements. Here, the dummy insulating pattern may be connected to one end of at least one of the (1-1)th electrode and the (1-2)th electrode that are aligned with each other along the first direction.

Abstract: The display device includes a flexible base layer including a first region and a second region located around the first; a display unit on one surface of the first region and including a light emitting element; a driving circuit on the second region and including a plurality of first bumps arranged in a first row and a plurality of second bumps arranged in a second row, the driving circuit includes a third bump in the first row and disposed outward relative to the plurality of first bumps, a first and second reference bump each disposed at a center of the plurality of first and second bumps that are disposed along a reference line defined in a column direction vertically intersecting a row direction, the remaining first and second bumps excluding the first reference bump and the second reference bump arranged to have a preset slope with respect to the reference line.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor compounds and compositions including said compounds. The present disclosure also provides methods of using said compounds and compositions for inhibiting ATX. Also provided are methods of preparing said compounds and compositions, and synthetic precursors of said compounds.

Abstract: A system with fault recovery includes: a plurality of worker nodes configured to perform distributed training; and a master node configured to control the plurality of worker nodes, wherein the master node is configured to: detect a fault of the plurality of worker nodes based on a predetermined period; adjust a collective communication participant list in response to the detecting of the fault; and transmit the adjusted participant list to one or more worker nodes in the adjusted participant list.

Abstract: An optical medium containing virtual write protect information can be recorded in drives and systems without first changing the write protection from on to off by receiving valid user input. The virtual write protection may also be enabled or disabled by additional information on the disc.

Abstract: An information storage medium includes: a user data area for recording user data; a spare area including spare blocks each for replacing a defective block occurring in the user data area; and a defect management area in which information about the defective block occurring in the user data area is recorded, wherein the spare blocks of the spare area include usable spare blocks with replacement blocks existing in forward parts of the usable spare blocks in a usage order, and usable spare blocks without replacement blocks existing in forward parts of the usable spare blocks in the usage order, wherein a next available position pointer of the spare area is recorded in the defect management area, and the next available position pointer of the spare area indicates a first usable spare block from among the usable spare blocks without the replacement blocks existing in the forward parts of the usable spare blocks in the usage order.

Abstract: A signal quality measuring apparatus includes a binary signal generating unit to generate a binary signal from an input signal; a level information extracting unit to extract level information from a relationship between the input signal and the binary signal using at least two window lengths; and a quality calculating unit to calculate a quality of the input signal based on the level information.

Abstract: An optical medium containing virtual write protect information can be recorded in drives and systems without first changing the write protection from on to off by receiving valid user input The virtual write protection may also be enabled or disabled by additional information on the disc.

Abstract: An optical medium containing virtual write protect information can be recorded in drives and systems without first changing the write protection from on to off by receiving valid user input. The virtual write protection may also be enabled or disabled by additional information on the disc.

Abstract: Provided is an information storage medium that has a plurality of recording layers, a recording/reproducing method, and a recording/reproducing apparatus. In the information storage medium, each of the plurality of recording layers includes an inner circumference zone and a data zone, and at least one of the recording layers includes, in the inner circumference zone, a temporary disc management area (TDMA) for recording information about a defect detected in the data zone, wherein a size of a TDMA allocated on an upper layer is greater than a size of a TDMA allocated on a lower layer.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a lead-in area, a user data area, and a lead-out area, wherein at least one of the lead-in or lead-out areas includes a compatibility information area in which compatibility information, specifying whether each area on the information recording medium is recordable and/or reproducible. The compatibility information may include state information on whether the user data area is recordable and/or reproducible, state information on whether the lead-in/lead-out area is recordable and/or reproducible, state information on whether the compatibility information area is recordable and/or reproducible, or state information on whether a defect management area (DMA) is recordable and/or reproducible. Accordingly, an existing drive or apparatus for recording and/or reproducing data on and/or from an information recording medium can smoothly record and/or reproduce data on an information recording medium that is of a higher version than the existing drive or apparatus.

Abstract: Provided are an optical disc having a plurality of recording layers, and a method and apparatus for recording data thereon. The optical disc has a plurality of recording layers, each recording layer including: a data area; a connecting area; and a remaining area. The data, connecting, and remaining areas are respectively disposed in a direction from an inner circumference of the optical disc to an outer circumference. An outer boundary of each of the data areas is determined according to an amount of data to be recorded. Locations of the connecting areas and the remaining areas are determined by a recording and/or reproducing apparatus according to the determination of the outer boundary of each of the data areas.

Abstract: An optical recording medium has a user data area and a lead-out area, wherein the user data area and the lead-out area each has grooves and lands formed thereon. Wobbles are formed on at least one lateral surface of grooves of the user data area and the lead-out area, and configured such that wobble characteristics are made different between the user data area and the lead-out area. Different types of wobbles are formed on the grooves of either the user data area or the lead-out area, thereby preventing an optical pickup that performs recording/reproduction from deviating from the user data area. Also, in a multi-layer optical recording medium, a whole area of a recording layer is configured to have a same condition, thereby preventing deterioration in reproduction and/or recording due to a difference in light power transmittance of another recording layer.

Abstract: An optical disc includes a plurality of recording layers, each layer having a lead-in area, a data area, and a lead-out area. A dedicated-reproducing area having a disc-related information zone, and a rewritable area are provided in at least one of the lead-in and lead-out areas of the optical disc. Accordingly, a reliability of a data recording/reproducing with respect to the optical disc is improved.