Abstract: Disclosed are a multilayered cell sheet of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and a method of manufacturing the same. In particular, the present disclosure provides a method of manufacturing a multilayered cell sheet according to a single step culture procedure by using, as a three-dimensional matrix, a biodegradable natural polymer hydrogel and embedding CSCs in the hydrogel. The multilayered cell sheet of the present disclosure does not require any special device for the manufacturing, is manageable with good physicomechanical property, increases a cell engraftment rate after transplantation based on sufficient accumulation of various growth and protective factors and extracellular matrix between cells, and is also self-assembled by the cell-mediated hydrogel compaction, making nutrients transfer easy. Therefore, the multilayered cell sheet of the CSCs is expected to be usefully applicable as a therapeutic agent for myocardium regeneration.

Abstract: There are provided a semiconductor memory device and a manufacturing method of the semiconductor memory device. The semiconductor memory device includes: a gate stack structure including a plurality of interlayer insulating layers and a plurality of conductive patterns, which are alternately stacked in a vertical direction; a dummy stack structure including a plurality of dummy interlayer insulating layers and a plurality of sacrificial layers, which are alternately stacked in the vertical direction, the dummy stack structure being disposed at a level at which the gate stack structure is disposed; a channel structure penetrating the gate stack structure; a memory layer disposed between each of the plurality of conductive patterns and the channel structure; and a dummy pillar penetrating a portion of the dummy stack structure with a length less than a length of the channel structure in the vertical direction.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device includes a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, and a dummy metal layer disposed on the first substrate in the non-display area. The dummy metal layer includes a first dummy metal layer and a second dummy metal layer that overlap each other. The organic light emitting device further includes an insulating layer disposed between the first dummy metal layer and the second dummy metal layer in a cross-sectional view, a second substrate covering the first substrate, and a sealant disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and overlapping the dummy metal layer. The first dummy metal layer is electrically connected to the second dummy metal layer, and the sealant contacts the second dummy metal layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for inferring a cyberattack path based on attention. The apparatus includes memory in which at least one program is recorded and a processor for executing the program. The program generates test data required for generating an intelligent attack graph and generates an attack graph based on an intelligent attack path prediction model.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes: forming a stack body over a substrate; forming channel structures in the stack body, the channel structures comprising a channel layer penetrating the stack body; forming a contact-level dielectric layer over the stack body and the channel structures; forming a contact hole penetrating the contact-level dielectric layer; forming contact plugs in the contact hole, the contact plugs coupled to the channel layers of the channel structures; recessing the contact plugs to form upper surfaces of the contact plugs that are lower than an upper surface of the contact-level dielectric layer; forming a bit line-level dielectric layer including a spacer layer over the recessed contact plugs; etching the bit line-level dielectric layer to form trenches that expose the recessed contact plugs; and forming a bit line in one or more of the trenches.

Abstract: There is a method of manufacturing a memory device. The method includes forming a mask layer on an etching target layer; forming, on the mask layer, a compensation layer with a second impurity that chemically bonds to the mask layer with a first impurity; performing a first etching process that patterns the compensation layer and the mask layer to form a mask pattern; and performing a second etching process that etches the etching target layer, which is exposed through openings of the mask pattern.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods for quantifying and analyzing cell migration and drug screening. Such methods include a gel (or a hydrogel) comprising a polymer, and cells that forms an oxygen gradient within the gel by controlling the balance of the diffusion of oxygen through the top of the gel and by the consumption of oxygen uptake by the cells. The migration of the cells is determined while the cells are grown in the gel of the present invention.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first substrate overlapping a second substrate and including a display area and a non-display area; a display element disposed in the display area and between the first substrate and the second substrate; a sealing member disposed in the non-display area and between the first substrate and the second substrate; a touch unit; and a blocking member disposed in the non-display area and on the second substrate, wherein the blocking member includes blocking patterns, each of which has a first edge and a second edge, wherein the first edge extends in a first direction, and the second edge extends in a second direction different from the first direction, wherein a length of the first edge is longer than a length of the second edge, and the second edge of one blocking pattern does not overlap the second edge of another blocking pattern along the second direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method for fabricating the semiconductor device. The method comprises: forming a stack structure including a lower level sacrificial layer over a semiconductor substrate; forming a slit penetrating through the stack structure and exposing the lower level sacrificial layer; forming a spacer on a sidewall of the slit; forming horizontal recesses by removing the lower level sacrificial layer; forming a conductive material in each of the horizontal recesses; etching the conductive material to form source channel contacts filling the horizontal recesses, respectively, and to form a separation groove between the conductive patterns; and forming an etch barrier material filling the separation groove.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a display structure, a sensing structure, a sensing signal transmission film, and an image signal transmission film. The first substrate includes a display region and a non-display region at least partially surrounding the display region. The non-display region includes a first portion and a second portion facing the first portion. The display structure is disposed in the display region. The sensing structure is disposed on the display structure. The sensing signal transmission film is electrically connected to the sensing structure. The image signal transmission film is electrically connected to the display structure. The sensing signal transmission film is disposed in the first portion of the non-display region. The image signal transmission film is disposed in the second portion of the non-display region.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a display structure, a sensing structure, a sensing signal transmission film, and an image signal transmission film. The first substrate includes a display region and a non-display region at least partially surrounding the display region. The non-display region includes a first portion and a second portion facing the first portion. The display structure is disposed in the display region. The sensing structure is disposed on the display structure. The sensing signal transmission film is electrically connected to the sensing structure. The image signal transmission film is electrically connected to the display structure. The sensing signal transmission film is disposed in the first portion of the non-display region. The image signal transmission film is disposed in the second portion of the non-display region.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a network environment synchronization apparatus and method. The network environment synchronization apparatus includes one or more processors, and execution memory for storing at least one program that is executed by the one or more processors, wherein the at least one program is configured to collect data from a network environment and generate a management structure in which collected data is distributed into preset respective group units, generate data discriminators for respective group units using a preset hash function, determine whether data of the management structure has changed with reference to data newly collected from the network environment based on the data discriminators, and when it is determined whether data of the management structure has changed, update the data of the management structure with the newly collected data.

Abstract: An electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure may include a loop antenna, a printed circuit board including a power wire and a ground wire, a first switch electrically connected between a first terminal of the loop antenna and the power wire, a second switch electrically connected between the first terminal and the ground wire, a third switch electrically connected between a second terminal of the loop antenna and the power wire, a fourth switch electrically connected between the second terminal and the ground wire, and a controller.

Abstract: A display panel includes a substrate, light emitting elements in a display area of the substrate, and configured to emit light, an organic encapsulation layer on the light emitting elements, a first dam in a non-display area of the substrate, and organic patterns spaced apart from each other outside the first dam in the non-display area of the substrate, and including a first organic pattern and a second organic pattern adjacent to each other and having a gap therebetween.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area, which is on the periphery of the display area, a light-emitting element disposed on the first substrate and in the display area, a display signal line which is disposed on the first substrate and in the display area, extends in a first direction, and transmits a signal to the light-emitting element, a common voltage supply line disposed on the first substrate and in the non-display area, a pad disposed on the first substrate and in the non-display area, and electrically connected to the display signal line, and an indentation pad disposed on the first substrate and in the non-display area, and electrically connected to the common voltage supply line, where the indentation pad is disposed closer than the pad to edges of the first substrate in a second direction, which intersects the first direction.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate including a display area and a non-display area around the display area; a pad portion at an end part of the first substrate in the non-display area; a power voltage transmitting line electrically connected to the pad portion and surrounding at least part of the display area; a second substrate facing the first substrate; and a sealant between the first substrate and the second substrate and surrounding the display area. In the end part, the power voltage transmitting line includes a first portion overlapping the sealant and extending in a first direction and a second portion not overlapping the sealant, and the second portion includes a first protrusion protruded from the first portion in a second direction crossing the first direction, and a second protrusion protruded in a direction opposite to the second direction.

Abstract: A preparation method of calcium peroxide-mediated in situ crosslinkable hydrogel as a sustained oxygen-generating matrix, includes: a) reacting a natural or a synthetic polymer with Traut's reagent (TR) in a solvent, and synthesizing a polymer derivative having thiol group in backbone of the polymer derivative; and b) mixing and reacting a solution of the polymer derivative having thiol group with calcium peroxide (CaO2), and thereby forming a hydrogel, wherein in the step b), disulfide bonds (—S—S) are induced between backbones of the polymer derivative having thiol group attached by decomposition of calcium peroxide (CaO2), and thereby in situ crosslinking is formed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a server apparatus, a client apparatus, and a method for communication based on network address mutation. The method for communication based on network address mutation, performed by the server apparatus and the client apparatus, includes setting the external address of a network interface for receiving a packet from the client apparatus; setting the internal address of a hidden interface in order to forward the packet received through the network interface to the hidden interface; modifying the external address based on a preset network address mutation rule; and communicating with the client apparatus by forwarding the packet, received from the client apparatus based on the modified external address, to the hidden interface.

Abstract: A preparation method of calcium peroxide-mediated in situ crosslinkable hydrogel as a sustained oxygen-generating matrix, includes: a) reacting a natural or a synthetic polymer with Traut's reagent (TR) in a solvent, and synthesizing a polymer derivative having thiol group in backbone of the polymer derivative; and b) mixing and reacting a solution of the polymer derivative having thiol group with calcium peroxide (CaO2), and thereby forming a hydrogel, wherein in the step b), disulfide bonds (—S—S) are induced between backbones of the polymer derivative having thiol group attached by decomposition of calcium peroxide (CaO2), and thereby in situ crosslinking is formed.

Abstract: An image processor includes a frame buffer configured to collect an image data of pixels and configured to generate frame data, a display controller configured to generate the frame update command based on a vertical synchronizing signal and a frame per second signal representing a number of activating of the frame update signal in a second and an operating part configured to generate the vertical synchronizing signal and the image data. When the frame data is generated, the frame buffer activates a frame update signal in response to a frame update command and outputs the frame data. When the frame per second signal is less than a predetermined threshold voltage, the operating part sets a lower limit of a range of a frequency to a predetermined minimum frequency.