Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel, a back cover accommodating the display panel, and a sound output unit including at least one sound output module disposed to overlap the display panel. The at least one sound output module includes a support plate including an uneven surface and a piezoelectric element attached on the uneven surface of the support plate and has a shape corresponding to the uneven surface of the support plate. Accordingly, a sound having a straight characteristic within an audible frequency domain may be output, thereby enhancing a sense of reality and an immersion of a viewer watching an image displayed by the display apparatus.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a display panel configured to be rolled or unrolled, at least one vibration module on a rear surface of the display panel, the at least one vibration module being configured to: be rolled or unrolled with the display panel, and vibrate the display panel, and a partition on the rear surface of the display panel, the partition being spaced apart from and surrounding the at least one vibration module, wherein the at least one vibration module includes: a plurality of first portions having a piezoelectric property, and a plurality of second portions between the plurality of first portions, the plurality of second portions having flexibility.

Abstract: A vibration apparatus includes a vibration generating part including one or more vibration parts, a first cover member covering a first surface of the vibration generating part, a second cover member covering a second surface of the vibration generating part, the second surface being opposite to the first surface of the vibration generating part, and a signal supply member electrically connected to the one or more vibration parts and disposed between the first surface of the vibration generating part and the first cover member.

Abstract: Display panel and display apparatus including the same. A display panel includes a first substrate including a display portion configured to display an image, a second substrate attached to the first substrate by an adhesive member, and a vibration generating module within the adhesive member to overlap the display portion. The vibration generating module is surrounded by the second substrate and the adhesive member.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a display panel configured to be rolled or unrolled; at least one vibration module at a rear surface of the display panel, the at least one vibration module being configured to be rolled or unrolled with the display panel and to vibrate the display panel; a partition at the rear surface of the display panel, the partition being spaced apart from and surrounding the at least one vibration module; and a plurality of rigid members at the rear surface of the display panel, the plurality of rigid members extending in a first direction and being spaced apart from each other in a second direction vertical to the first direction in a state in which the plurality of rigid members are not coupled or connected to each other.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a flexible vibration module and a method of manufacturing the flexible vibration module are provided. A display apparatus includes: a display panel configured to display an image, and a flexible vibration module on a rear surface of the display panel, the flexible vibration module configured to vibrate the display panel, the flexible vibration module including: a plurality of first portions having a piezoelectric characteristic, and a plurality of second portions respectively between pairs of the plurality of first portions, the plurality of second portions having flexibility.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a display panel configured to be rolled or unrolled, at least one vibration module on a rear surface of the display panel, the at least one vibration module being configured to: be rolled or unrolled with the display panel, and vibrate the display panel, and a partition on the rear surface of the display panel, the partition being spaced apart from and surrounding the at least one vibration module, wherein the at least one vibration module includes: a plurality of first portions having a piezoelectric property, and a plurality of second portions between the plurality of first portions, the plurality of second portions having flexibility.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a display panel configured to display an image, and at least one vibration module on a rear surface of the display panel, the at least one vibration module including a piezoelectric composite layer including a plurality of sub-modules configured to vibrate the display panel, each of the plurality of sub-modules including: a plurality of first portions including a piezoelectric characteristic, and a plurality of second portions having flexibility, each of the plurality of second portions being between a respective pair of the plurality first portions, wherein the plurality of first portions in the respective sub-modules are arranged in a same direction or are partially arranged in different directions.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel configured to display an image and a sound generating device on a rear surface of the display panel. The sound generating device is configured to vibrate the display panel to generate sound. The sound generating device includes a first structure and a first passivation layer on one side of the first structure, at least a portion of the first passivation layer having a non-flat shape.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel configured to display an image and a plurality of vibration generating devices on a rear surface of the display panel, the display panel being at least one of a vibration plate configured to output sound and a vibration plate configured to output a haptic vibration. Each of the plurality of vibration generating devices includes a first electrode under the display panel, a piezoelectric member under the first electrode, a damping member in a periphery the piezoelectric member, and a second electrode under the piezoelectric member.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a flexible vibration module and a method of manufacturing the flexible vibration module are provided. A display apparatus includes: a display panel configured to display an image, and a flexible vibration module on a rear surface of the display panel, the flexible vibration module configured to vibrate the display panel, the flexible vibration module including: a plurality of first portions having a piezoelectric characteristic, and a plurality of second portions respectively between pairs of the plurality of first portions, the plurality of second portions having flexibility.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel configured to display an image and a sound generating device on a rear surface of the display panel. The sound generating device is configured to vibrate the display panel to generate sound. The sound generating device includes a first structure and a first passivation layer on one side of the first structure, at least a portion of the first passivation layer having a non-flat shape.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a display panel configured to display an image, and at least one vibration module on a rear surface of the display panel, the at least one vibration module including a piezoelectric composite layer including a plurality of sub-modules configured to vibrate the display panel, each of the plurality of sub-modules including: a plurality of first portions including a piezoelectric characteristic, and a plurality of second portions having flexibility, each of the plurality of second portions being between a respective pair of the plurality first portions, wherein the plurality of first portions in the respective sub-modules are arranged in a same direction or are partially arranged in different directions.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel including configured to display an image and a sound generating device on a rear surface of the display panel, the sound generating device being configured to vibrate the display panel to generate sound. The sound generating device includes a first structure and a second structure over or under the first structure, the second structure including a first part having a piezoelectric characteristic and a second part between adjacent first parts to have flexibility.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel configured to display an image and a plurality of vibration generating devices on a rear surface of the display panel, the display panel being at least one of a vibration plate configured to output sound and a vibration plate configured to output a haptic vibration. Each of the plurality of vibration generating devices includes a first electrode under the display panel, a piezoelectric member under the first electrode, a damping member in a periphery the piezoelectric member, and a second electrode under the piezoelectric member.

Abstract: A cartridge assembly, a jig, a jig assembly and an apparatus for electroless plating are disclosed. The cartridge includes a first cartridge and a second cartridge. The first cartridge includes a holder disposed at a corner thereof, and the holder is formed to protrude toward the second cartridge. The second cartridge includes an accommodating portion disposed at a corner thereof, and the accommodating portion accommodates at least a portion of the holder.

Abstract: Display panel and display apparatus including the same. A display panel includes a first substrate including a display portion configured to display an image, a second substrate attached to the first substrate by an adhesive member, and a vibration generating module within the adhesive member to overlap the display portion. The vibration generating module is surrounded by the second substrate and the adhesive member.

Abstract: A vibration generating device includes a first piezoelectric device including at least one slit, a first electrode on a first surface of the first piezoelectric device, and a second electrode on a second surface opposite to the first surface of the first piezoelectric device.

Abstract: Display panel and display apparatus including the same. A display panel includes a first substrate including a display portion configured to display an image, a second substrate attached to the first substrate by an adhesive member, and a vibration generating module within the adhesive member to overlap the display portion. The vibration generating module is surrounded by the second substrate and the adhesive member.

Abstract: A vibration apparatus may include a vibration device and an adhesive member at a surface of the vibration device. A modulus of the vibration device may be equal to a modulus of the adhesive member or may be greater than the modulus of the adhesive member.