Abstract: This invention is directed to an improved process for the conversion of an aldehyde to a diolefin comprising contacting an aldehyde of 4 to 6 carbon atoms in the vapor phase at a temperature of 250.degree. to 400.degree. C. with a catalyst, the improvement comprising the addition of from 0.10 to 5 percent by weight of an aromatic compound to the aldehyde feed. Representative of the aromatic compounds useful in the instant invention are: phenol, catechol, alkylated catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone and aniline; wherein the alkyl radical can be from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for adhering rubber to reinforcing materials which comprises embedding a textile fiber or metal reinforcing material in a vulcanizable rubber composition comprising rubber, a vulcanizing agent, reinforcement, a methylene donor, and a phenolic ester as a methylene acceptor.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for the conversion of an aldehyde to a diolefin comprising contacting an aldehyde of 4 to 6 carbon atoms in the vapor phase at a temperature of 300.degree. to 400.degree. C. with a catalyst comprising boron phosphate wherein the initial molar ratio of phosphorous (P) to boron (B) (P/B) is less than 1.0 but greater than 0.6 which is in intimate admixture with from 0.1 to 10 weight percent graphite. More specifically, this invention is concerned with a process for the catalytic dehydration of 2-methylbutanal (2MBA) to isoprene in the vapor phase with a boron phosphate catalyst wherein the improvement comprises the use of a catalyst with a molar ratio of P/B of less than 1.0 but greater than 0.6 which contains from 0.1 to 10 weight percent graphite and 0 to 10 mole percent, based on moles of boron, of ammonia or an amine selected from the group consisting of mono-, di- and/or tri- alkyl amines of 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of thermal oils which comprises heating rosin acids to a temperature from 300.degree.-360.degree. C. in the presence of at least one decarboxylation accelerator selected from the group consisting of high sulfur content tall oil rosin, Vinsol.TM. resin, fatty acids, organic sulfides and inorganic sulfides. The process of this invention provides an economical and efficient method of treating a renewable natural wood-derived feedstock to produce a material that is suited for numerous applications, especially in rubber formulations.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the conversion of terpenes to limonene which comprises contacting at least one terpene, selected from the group comprised of mono- and bi-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons having the formula C.sub.10 H.sub.16 with an alkali metal sulfide catalyst on a support at a temperature of 300.degree. to 450.degree. C.

Abstract: There is disclosed the use of decarboxylated rosins as total or partial replacements for oil in rubber formulations. Vulcanizate properties, low temperature performance, and processibility are comparable when using either the decarboxylated rosins or an aromatic extending oil, however, the decarboxylated rosin extended rubber demonstrates improved abrasion resistance.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the hydrogenation of carbon-carbon double bonds of an unsaturated polymer which comprises (a) combining an unsaturated polymer in latex form with (1) an oxidant selected from the group consisting of oxygen, air and hydroperoxides; (2) a reducing agent selected from the group of hydrazine and hydrates thereof; and (3) a metal ion initiator; (b) heating the mixture to a temperature from 0.degree. C. to the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for reducing the level of cyclopentadiene present in a hydrocarbon stream containing isoprene and cyclopentadiene which involves contacting the stream with an alkali metal hydroxide wherein the reaction product is an insoluble salt of CPD.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the conversion of terpenes to cymenes which comprises contacting at least one terpene, selected from the group comprised of mono- and bi-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons having the formula C.sub.10 H.sub.16 ; with an alkali metal carbonate catalyst on a support at a temperature of 300.degree. to 475.degree. C.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the conversion of terpenes to .alpha.-methyl-methylstyrenes and cymenes which comprises contacting at least one terpene, selected from the group comprised of mono- and bi-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons having the formula C.sub.10 H.sub.16 ; with an alkali metal hydroxide catalyst on a support at a temperature of 300.degree. to 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for the production of ethylbenzene by catalytic dehydrogenation of cycloolefins having 8 carbon atoms and two double bonds which is present in a styrene stream. The method is carried out at a temperature from about 160.degree. C. to about 450.degree. C. by passing the stream over an alkali metal complex catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of anthraquinone from 1, 4, 4a, 5, 8, 8a, 9a, 10a-octahydroanthraquinone (OHAQ) which comprises contacting OHAQ as a melt with a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing morpholine from diethyleneglycol and an aqueous solution of ammonia in a continuous manner using a modified Raney nickel catalysts without the use of any hydrogen is disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of cyclopentene which comprises selectively hydrogenating cyclopentadiene in the liquid phase by contacting cyclopentadiene with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst comprising a highly dispersed form of nickel in which ammonium hydroxide is employed in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of cyclopentene which comprises selectively hydrogenating cyclopentadiene in the liquid phase by contacting cyclopentadiene with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst comprising a highly dispersed form of nickel in which an alcohol boiling above 99.degree. C. is employed in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of cyclopentene which comprises selectively hydrogenating cyclopentadiene in the liquid phase by contacting cyclopentadiene with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst comprising a highly dispersed form of nickel in which a substantial amount of water and certain surfactants are employed in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of cyclopentene which comprises selectively hydrogenating cyclopentadiene in the liquid phase by contacting cyclopentadiene with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst comprising a highly dispersed form of nickel in which water is employed in the reaction medium.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of cyclopentene from cyclopentadiene which comprises selectively hydrogenating cyclopentadiene in the liquid phase by continuously contacting cyclopentadiene with hydrogen while passing the mixture of hydrogen and cyclopentadiene through a highly dispersed form of nickel catalyst which nickel has been treated with ammonia.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of cyclopentene which comprises selectively hydrogenating cyclopentadiene in the liquid phase by contacting cyclopentadiene with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst comprising a highly dispersed form of nickel in which a polyol selected from the group consisting of 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,2,4-butanetriol and 1,2,3-butanetriol is employed in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of 3-methylpiperidine which comprises a multi-stage hydrogenation of .alpha.-methylene glutaronitrile using as a catalyst a highly dispersed nickel in which the first stage hydrogenation is conducted at temperature ranging from about 20.degree.C to about 50.degree.C at hydrogen pressure of at least 14 kilograms per square centimeter to form .alpha.-methyl glutaronitrile. The second stage hydrogenation is conducted at temperatures ranging from about 80.degree.C to about 175.degree.C at hydrogen pressures of at least 42 kilograms per square centimeter to form 2-methyl-1,5-diaminopentane. At which time the reaction mixture is cooled to a temperature below the boiling point of any of the materials present in the process and all the excess hydrogen vented off. The temperature is then increased to at least about 150.degree.C to allow the 2-methyl-1,5-diaminopentane to cyclize to form 3-methylpiperidine.