Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product are provided to update a map layer including one or more light-based objects and use the map layer for localization. For example, the apparatus is configured to receive image data including a plurality of images of a light-based object generated by a source, use the image data to create a representation of the light-based object, and update a map layer to include the representation as a landmark. The apparatus is further configured to receive an image captured by an image capturing device and including the light-based object and perform localization for the image capturing device by using the image and the map layer.

Abstract: A system, a method and a computer program product are provided to determine a left turn decision for a user or autonomous vehicle attempting to turn at an intersection of a road. For example, the system obtains contextual features and/or sensor data related to the intersection of the road. An optimal location on the road is determined for the user or autonomous vehicle to position the vehicle to make the left turn decision, based on the contextual features and/or the sensor data. A left turn risk factor is determined based on the location on the road for the user or autonomous vehicle to position the vehicle to make a left turn. An alert is presented to the user or autonomous vehicle regarding the left turn risk factor with a left turn advisory message.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a system, a method, and a computer program product for validation of sensor data. The system may be configured to receive sensor data associated with a hazard. The sensor data may include at least a first time of occurrence of the hazard. The system may be further configured to determine a second time of occurrence of the hazard based on a time-space diagram associated with one or more vehicles that passed through a location of the occurrence of the hazard. The system may further calculate a validation result for the received sensor data based on a comparison of the first time of occurrence and the second time of occurrence, and an associated first predefined threshold.

Abstract: An approach is provided for determining bicycle lane deviations for autonomous vehicle warning or operation. The approach, for example, involves retrieving probe data associated with a bicycle transportation mode. The approach also involves determining a plurality of probe points of the probe data that are map-matched outside of a bicycle lane. The approach further involves clustering the plurality of probe points into at least one location cluster. The approach further involves storing the one or more location clusters in a geographic database as respective one or more hazard areas where a plurality of bicycles deviates outside of the bicycle lane. By way of example, the approach can further involve using the at least one location cluster to perform at least one of providing a warning message or determining a driving parameter for an autonomous vehicle.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product are provided for providing a the map including a binary representation of a weather-based hazard. In one example, the apparatus receives data indicating a polygon defining a region being impacted by a weather condition and overlays the polygon on a tile map. The apparatus receives attribute data indicating one or more functional classes of one or more road portions within each tile of the tile map that is partially covered by the polygon and determines a subset of tiles within the tile map that defines the weather condition based on the attribute data.

Abstract: A system to learn parking restrictions of a region based on parking behaviors of vehicle parkers is disclosed. The system is configured for determining one or more contextual factors related to a user parking a vehicle in the region; computing a parking trust index based on the one or more contextual factors related to a user parking a vehicle in a region; classifying the user as a reliable parker if the parking trust index is greater than a reliability threshold and classifying the user as an unreliable parker if the parking trust index is less than a reliability threshold; and determining the parking restrictions of the area based on a parking behavior of the reliable parker and/or a parking behavior of the unreliable parker.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product are provided for assessing geospatial aerial images for image processing. In one example, the apparatus receives a plurality of geospatial aerial images, where each of the plurality of geospatial aerial image data represents a zone within a map. The apparatus selects a bounding zone within the map for image processing and, in response to the bounding zone including a subset of the plurality of geospatial aerial images, the apparatus accepts or rejects the subset for the image processing based on one or more attributes of the subset. The one or more attributes is a resolution of each of the subset, an amount of area within the bounding zone covered by the subset, a clarity of each of the subset, an amount of gap or overlap between the subset, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a system, a method, and a computer program product for detecting active road work zones. The system obtains first sensor data associated with a detection of a road work zone, using a first sensor type and obtains second sensor data associated with presence of at least one individual in the road work zone, using a second sensor type. Further, the system determines a confidence level associated with the detection of the road work zone based on fusing of the first sensor data and the second sensor data. The system classifies the detected road work zone as at least one of the active road work zone or a non-active road work zone, based on the confidence level. The system updates map data associated with a map of a region based on the classification.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a system, a method, and a computer program product for determining coverage of a vehicle. The system is configured to, for example, acquire sensor data and vehicle data from a user equipment. The sensor data is associated with a region including a plurality of roads. Further, the system is configured to determine a function class of each of the plurality of roads based on the sensor data. Further, the system is configured to determine a type of a vehicle associated with the user equipment, based on the vehicle data. The system is configured to further determine coverage data of the vehicle for each of the plurality of roads based on the function class of a respective road of the plurality of roads and the type of the vehicle. Further, a first notification associated with the coverage of the vehicle, is generated as output.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product are provided for providing autonomous vehicle navigation at intersections. In one example, the apparatus identifies an intersection associated with at least two road signs having the same sign type and facing the same direction. The apparatus updates map data to include a datapoint that provides a representation of a single road sign at the intersection instead of the at least two road signs, thereby enabling an autonomous vehicle relying on the map data to traverse the intersection to adhere to the single road sign in lieu of the at least two road signs.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product are provided for determining a newly established vehicle-related rule within an area. In one example, the apparatus receives sensor data indicating attributes of an area for a first period. The attributes indicate a number of vehicle-related tickets issued within the area, a parking orientation of each vehicle within the area, or a combination thereof. The apparatus compares the sensor data to historical data associated with the area. The historical data indicate the attributes of the area for one or more second periods preceding the first period. Based on comparison of the sensor data and the historical data, the apparatus determines a likelihood of a vehicle-related rule established for the area, where the vehicle-related rule did not exist during the one or more second periods. The apparatus causes a notification indicating the likelihood at a user interface.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a system, a method, and a computer program product for updating map data. The system, for example, receives, from one or more user equipment, at least one road works observation. The at least one road works observation is associated with a road works object. Further, the system, determines a first lane and a second lane. Further, the first lane is associated with the at least one road works observation and the second lane is associated with the road works object. Further, the system determines traffic density associated with a region in vicinity of the road works object. Further, the system detects the road works zone based on the first lane, the second lane and the traffic density.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to anonymizing sensor data through the use of map data. Methods include: receiving sensor data defining a trajectory; map-matching the sensor data using a map-matching algorithm to a plurality of road segments of a map database to generate a sequence of map-matched sensor data elements; determining a first value representing anonymization associated with a start of the trajectory; determining a second value representing anonymization associated with an end of the trajectory; determining first map-matched sensor data elements at the start of the trajectory to be redacted based on the first value; determining second map-matched sensor data elements at the end of the trajectory to be redacted based on the second value; and transmitting sensor data associated with elements in the sequence of map-matched sensor data elements between the first map-matched sensor data elements and the second map-matched sensor data elements.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product are provided for providing trailer sway detection. In one example, the apparatus receives sensor data and determines a pitch angle of a trailer based on the sensor data. The apparatus further determines a confidence of trailer sway occurring based on the pitch angle and in response to the confidence exceeding a threshold, the apparatus generates a warning signal indicating a potential trailer sway.

Abstract: A system to assist an owner of a low-profile vehicle to avoid damages related to vehicle impact upon a raised feature of a road is disclosed. The system may be configured to obtain one or more locations of a vehicle impact upon the raised feature by detecting an occurrence of the vehicle impact and recording contextual factors related to the vehicle impact upon the raised feature, where the one or more obtained locations are clustered into a first location bucket defined by a manual detection of the vehicle impact and a second location bucket defined by an automatic detection of the vehicle impact. The locations may be map-matched to map locations. The system may cluster the map-matched locations and automatically predict, using a trained machine learning model trained on ground truth of a region, potential locations of vehicle impact relevant to the owner of the low-profile vehicle.

Abstract: An approach for traffic incident verification involves receiving a traffic message channel (TMC) message indicating a traffic incident. The TMC message indicates an extent of the traffic incident in a road graph using TMC location code(s)/offset(s). The approach also involves matching the TMC location code(s)/offset(s) to a first set of map road link(s) and offset(s) of a geographic database, determining sensor data collected from vehicle(s) travelling within the road graph. The sensor data indicates the extent as location point(s) of topology segment(s) (TSs) and TS offset(s), matching the location point(s) of the TS(s) and TS offset(s) to a second set of map road link(s) and offset(s) of the geographic database, determining an intersection set between the first and second sets, and initiating a confirmation of the traffic incident reported in the TMC message based on the sensor data of the location point(s) of the TSs in the intersection set.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer program product are therefore provided for emulating vehicle features of a first vehicle in a second vehicle having different features. Methods may include: receiving an indication of a user operating an unfamiliar vehicle; determining vehicle features familiar to the user; and providing emulation of one or more features of the vehicle features familiar to the user in the unfamiliar vehicle. According to some embodiments, the vehicle features familiar to the user are determined based on one or more vehicles familiar to the user. According to certain embodiments, vehicle features familiar to the user include one or more of vehicle size, vehicle performance, or vehicle autonomy level.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a system, a method, and a computer program product for updating map data. The system, for example, obtains sensor data from one or more user equipment. The sensor data is associated with a road object. Further, the system, determines a first location of a road observation sight and a second location of the road object based on a timestamp associated with the first location. Further, a distance associated with the second location of the road object and a center point of a link, is calculated. The link is a map matched link associated with the second location. Further, the system updates the map data based on the calculated distance.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product are provided to update a map layer including one or more light-based objects and use the map layer for localization. For example, the apparatus is configured to receive image data including a plurality of images of a light-based object generated by a source, use the image data to create a representation of the light-based object, and update a map layer to include the representation as a landmark. The apparatus is further configured to receive an image captured by an image capturing device and including the light-based object and perform localization for the image capturing device by using the image and the map layer.

Abstract: A system and a method for determining lane-level traffic data is provided. The system is configured to obtain sensor data of each of a plurality of vehicles associated with a lane segment. The sensor data comprises at least one of: forward distance data of one or more vehicles in vicinity of each of the plurality of vehicles in the lane segment, or backward distance data of the one or more vehicles in the vicinity of each of the plurality of vehicles in the lane segment. The system is configured to determine lane distance data for the lane segment based on the sensor data, wherein the lane distance data comprises forward average distance data, or backward average distance data. The system is configured to determine traffic data for the lane segment based on the lane distance data.