Abstract: Process for the production of ethanol from acetic acid and hydrogen, said process comprising: reacting in an esterification reaction vessel methanol with acetic acid in the presence of an esterification catalyst and an entrainer to form a product comprising entrainer, methyl acetate and water, and in a distillation column, recovering from the product an overhead product fraction comprising methyl acetate, methanol and water, feeding the overhead product fraction, together with hydrogen, into a hydrogenation unit containing a copper based hydrogenation catalyst, to produce a hydrogenation product stream comprising ethanol, methanol, unreacted methyl acetate, unreacted hydrogen, ethyl acetate and water, cooling the hydrogenation product stream; separating the cooled hydrogenation product stream into a liquid phase which comprises the majority of the methanol, ethanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate and water, and a gaseous phase which comprises the majority of the unreacted hydrogen; recycling at least part of t

Abstract: A process for the acid-catalysed dehydration of ethanol, the process comprising the steps of distilling an ethanol feedstock (101) comprising at least one nitrogen-containing contaminant to form an overhead stream (102) and a bottom stream comprising ethanol (103), wherein the distillation has a reflux ratio of at least 20:1; and reacting the bottom stream in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a product stream comprising ethylene.

Abstract: Novel gyrase inhibitors and related compositions and methods are useful for impeding bacterial growth.

Abstract: A process for reducing the water and carboxylic acid content of an alcohol composition comprising at least one alcohol having one to four carbon atoms, water and at least one carboxylic acid having from one to four carbon atoms, wherein said process comprises contacting the alcohol composition with a desiccant bed comprising at least one porous inorganic oxide material at elevated temperature, wherein at least one of the porous inorganic oxide material(s) contains Bransted acid sites and/or neutralised Bransted acid sites.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds having the structure of Formula I and pharmaceutically suitable salts, esters, and prodrugs thereof that are useful as antibacterially effective tricyclic gyrase inhibitors. Related pharmaceutical compositions, uses and methods of making the compounds are also contemplated.

Abstract: An immunogenic reagent which produces an immune response which is protective against Bacillus anthracis, said reagent comprising one or more polypeptides which together represent up to three domains of the full length Protective Antigen (PA) of B. anthracis or variants of these, and at least one of said domains comprises domain 1 or domain 4 of PA or a variant thereof. The polypeptides of the immunogenic reagent as well as full length PA are produced by expression from E. coli. High yields of polypeptide are obtained using this method. Cells, vectors and nucleic acids used in the method are also described and claimed.

Abstract: Process for the polymerization of olefins in a gas phase fluidized bed reactor, by i) passing a fluidizing gas to the reactor to fluidize a bed of polymer particles therein, ii) withdrawing the fluidizing gas from the reactor, iii) cooling all or a portion of the fluidizing gas withdrawn from the reactor to a temperature at which a portion of the components of the fluidizing gas condense to form condensed liquid, and iv) passing condensed liquid and non-condensed components of the fluidizing gas back to the reactor. A reservoir of condensed liquid downstream of the cooling step is provided, and variations in the inventory of the condensed liquid are made in order to control the temperature in the reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing butanol through microbial fermentation, in which the butanol product is removed by extraction into a water immiscible organic extractant during the fermentation. The invention also relates to a method for producing butanol through microbial fermentation, in which the butanol product is removed during the fermentation by extraction into a water-immiscible extractant composition. The invention further relates to compositions comprising a solution of butanol in a water immiscible organic extractant composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds having the structure of Formula I and pharmaceutically suitable salts, esters, and prodrugs thereof that are useful as antibacterially effective tricyclic gyrase inhibitors. In addition, species of tricyclic gyrase inhibitors compounds are also disclosed herein. Related pharmaceutical compositions, uses and methods of making the compounds are also contemplated.

Abstract: Provided are methods for removing one or more components from a butanol based composition. The methods comprise providing a butanol based composition comprising one or more components, targeting at least one component or a combination thereof for reduction, and processing said butanol based composition such that the at least one targeted component is substantially removed. The butanol based composition can, for example, be bio-produced.

Abstract: A prevention-based network auditing system includes a central compliance server providing a user interface allowing a user to schedule and configure a network audit. The configured audit is stored in an audit repository until its scheduled time. At such a time, the compliance server automatically invokes one or more audit servers to gather information about the network. The compliance server receives the gathered information and electronically applies a network policy to the information for determining compliance with the policy. A remediation task may be generated if the policy has been violated, and the task monitored until its completion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the polymerisation of olefins in a gas phase fluidised bed reactor, and in particular provides a polymerisation process comprising: i) passing a fluidising gas to the reactor to fluidise a bed of polymer particles therein, ii) withdrawing the fluidising gas from the reactor, iii) cooling all or a portion of the fluidising gas withdrawn from the reactor to a temperature at which a portion of the components of the fluidising gas condense to form condensed liquid, and iv) passing condensed liquid and non-condensed components of the fluidising gas back to the reactor, wherein there is provided a reservoir of condensed liquid downstream of the cooling step, and variations in the inventory of the condensed liquid are made in order to control the temperature in the reactor.

Abstract: Process for the conversion of carbon oxide(s) and hydrogen containing feedstocks into alcohols in the presence of a particulate catalyst.

Abstract: A prevention-based network auditing system includes a plurality of heterogeneous information sources gathering information about the network. An audit server invokes the heterogeneous information sources via a uniform communications interface to gather information about the network, and converts the information gathered by the information sources into a normalized data format such as, for example, into XML (Extensible Markup Language). The converted information is then stored in an audit repository for security and regulatory policy assessment, network vulnerability analysis, report generation, and security improvement recommendations.

Abstract: A prevention-based network auditing system includes a plurality of heterogeneous information sources gathering information about the network. An audit server invokes the heterogeneous information sources via a uniform communications interface to gather information about the network, and converts the information gathered by the information sources into a normalized data format such as, for example, into XML (Extensible Markup Language). The converted information is then stored in an audit repository for security and regulatory policy assessment, network vulnerability analysis, report generation, and security improvement recommendations.

Abstract: An improved method of separating a macromolecule by isoelectric focusing comprising subjecting the macromolecule to electrophoresis in an isoelectric-focusing medium including a substantially thiol-free reducing agent, preferably a trivalent phosphorous compound and more preferably tributyl phosphine, the improvement being the solubility and focusing of the macromolecule is enhanced compared to isoelectric focusing of the same macromolecule in a similar isoelectric-focusing medium containing a thiol-reducing agent.

Abstract: Process for removing water from an ethylene stream containing water, by introducing an ethylene stream containing water into, and circulating the ethylene stream through, a separation vessel. A liquid diethyl ether stream is introduced into, and circulated through, the separation vessel so that the liquid diethyl ether stream and the ethylene stream containing water are brought into contact, and an ethylene stream having a reduced water content is recovered from the separation vessel.

Abstract: A steerable, multifunction radiofrequency (RF) catheter probe for providing improved steerability plus variable rigidity of RF catheter probes. The features of the invention include the ability to reversibly vary the rigidity of catheter probes and to configure the shape of the distal end of catheter probes as required by the application.

Abstract: A prevention-based network auditing system includes a central compliance server providing a user interface allowing a user to schedule and configure a network audit. The configured audit is stored in an audit repository until its scheduled time. At such a time, the compliance server automatically invokes one or more audit servers to gather information about the network. The compliance server receives the gathered information and electronically applies a network policy to the information for determining compliance with the policy. A remediation task may be generated if the policy has been violated, and the task monitored until its completion.

Abstract: A portable automatic beverage brewing drinking vessel comprising, an on/off button, a heating element, a receptacle for accepting infusible material, and a means for translating the receptacle through the liquid. The means for translating the receptacle through the liquid includes but is not limited to, an electric motor, and magnets or electromagnets. In one embodiment, a pump transfers the liquid through tubes to the receptacle. The brewing vessel is portable and provides a simple and automatic means for brewing a beverage that can be consumed directly from the vessel.