Abstract: A conductive composite is provided, which includes a conductive conjugated polymer and a mixture. The mixture includes (a) boron oxide, and (b) sulfur-containing compound, nitrogen-containing compound, or a combination thereof. A capacitor is also provided, which includes an anode electrode, a dielectric layer on the anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and an electrolyte between the dielectric layer and the cathode electrode, wherein the electrolyte includes the described conductive composite.

Abstract: A polymer and a method for preparing the same are provided. The polymer includes a first repeat unit and a second repeat unit. In particular, the first repeat unit is and, the second repeat unit is wherein R+ is A? is F?, Cl?, Br?, I?, OH?, HCO3?, HSO4?, SbF6?, BF4?, H2PO4?, H2PO3?, or H2PO2?; X is i and j are independently 0, or an integer from 1 to 4; Y is —O—, —S—, —CH2—, or —NH—; R1 is independently C1-8 alkyl group; and, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, or independently C1-8 alkyl group.

Abstract: A capacitor structure is provided, which includes a positive electrode, a dielectric layer on the positive electrode, and an organic-inorganic composite layer on the dielectric layer. The capacitor structure also includes a negative electrode, and a conductive conjugated polymer electrolyte disposed between the organic-inorganic composite layer and the negative electrode.

Abstract: A coated probe is provided. The probe includes a probe body and a cladding layer. The probe body has a terminal. The cladding layer covers the surface of the terminal of the probe body, wherein the cladding layer includes a carbon nano-material layer, and the carbon nano-material layer includes a carbon nano-material.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst is provided. The electrocatalyst includes Pd-containing metal nitride, wherein the metal is Co, Fe, Y, Lu, Sc, Ti, V, Cu, Ni, or a combination thereof. The molar ratio between the metal and Pd is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.8. A fuel cell utilizing the above electrocatalyst is further provided.

Abstract: A polymer, ion exchange membrane, and structural enhanced membrane employing the same are provided. The polymer includes a first repeating unit and a second repeating unit. In particular, the first repeating unit is and, the second repeating unit is wherein R+ can be A? can be F?, Cl?, Br?, I?, OH?, HCO3?, HSO4?, SbF6?, BF4?, H2PO4?, H2PO3?, or H2PO2?; Y1 and Y2 can be independently —O—, —S—, —CH2—, or —NH—; Ra and Rb can be independently hydrogen or C1-8 alkyl group; i, j, and k can be independently 0 or an integer from 1 to 6; R1 can be C1-10 alkyl group or C5-6 cycloalkyl group; and, R2 and R3 can be independently hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl group, vinyl group, C6-12 aryl group, or allyl group.

Abstract: A bilayer complex proton exchange membrane and a membrane electrode assembly are provided. The bilayer complex proton exchange membrane includes a first complex structure and a second complex structure. The first complex structure includes 0.001-10 wt % of a graphene derivative with two dimension configuration, and 99.999-90 wt % of organic material. The organic material includes polymer material having sulfonic acid group or phosphate group. The second complex structure includes 0.5-30 wt % of inorganic material and 99.5-70 wt % of organic material, wherein a surface area of the inorganic material is 50-3000 m2/g, and the organic material includes polymer material with sulfonic acid group or phosphate group.

Abstract: A crosslinked copolymer is provided, which includes a copolymer crosslinked by a crosslinking agent. The copolymer is copolymerized of (a) styrene-based monomer, (b) monomer having conjugated double bonds or acrylate ester monomer, and (c) ammonium-containing heterocyclic monomer. The crosslinking agent is (d) or the product of the reaction between and (e) or a combination thereof. Z is wherein each R1 is independently H or C1-4 alkyl group, each R2 is independently H or C1-4 alkyl group, R3 is single bond, —O—, —S—, —CH2—, or —NH—. n is a positive integer. x is 1 to 12, y is 1 to 5, and z is 1 to 5.

Abstract: A protected active metal electrode and a device with the electrode are provided. The protected active metal electrode includes an active metal substrate and a protection layer on a surface of the active metal substrate. The protection layer at least includes a metal thin film covering the surface of the active metal substrate and an electrically-conductive thin film covering a surface of the metal thin film. A material of the metal thin film is Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, or W. A material of the electrically-conductive thin film is selected from nitride of a metal in the metal thin film, carbide of a metal in the metal thin film, a diamond-like carbon (DLC), and a combination thereof.

Abstract: An ion exchange membrane is provided. The ion exchange membrane includes a reaction product of a polymer and a cross-linking reagent. The polymer includes a first repeat unit, and a second repeat unit. In particular, the first repeat unit is and, the second repeat unit is wherein R+ is A? is F?, Cl?, Br?, I?, OH?, HCO3?, HSO4?, SbF6?, BF4?, H2PO4?, H2PO3?, or H2PO2?; X is CH2iYCH2j, i and j are independently 0, or an integer from 1 to 4; Y is —O—, —S—, —CH2—, or —NH—; R1 is independently C1-8 alkyl group; and, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, or independently C1-8 alkyl group; and, the cross-linking reagent is a compound having at least two imide groups.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a use thereof are provided. The catalyst composition includes a support and at least one RuXMY alloy attached to the surface of the support, wherein M is a transition metal and X?Y. The catalyst composition is used in an alkaline electrochemical energy conversion reaction, and can improve the energy conversion efficiency for an electrochemical energy conversion device and significantly reduce material costs.

Abstract: A conductive composite is provided, which includes a conductive conjugated polymer and a mixture. The mixture includes (a) boron oxide, and (b) sulfur-containing compound, nitrogen-containing compound, or a combination thereof. A capacitor is also provided, which includes an anode electrode, a dielectric layer on the anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and an electrolyte between the dielectric layer and the cathode electrode, wherein the electrolyte includes the described conductive composite.

Abstract: A polymer and a method for preparing the same are provided. The polymer includes a first repeat unit and a second repeat unit. In particular, the first repeat unit is and, the second repeat unit is wherein R+ is A? is F?, Cl?, Br?, I?, OH?, HCO3?, HSO4?, SbF6?, H2PO4?, H2PO3?, or H2PO2?; X is i and j are independently 0, or an integer from 1 to 4; Y is —O—, —S—, —CH2—, or —NH—; R1 is independently C1-8 alkyl group; and, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, or independently C1-8 alkyl group.

Abstract: A capacitor structure is provided, which includes a positive electrode, a dielectric layer on the positive electrode, and an organic-inorganic composite layer on the dielectric layer. The capacitor structure also includes a negative electrode, and a conductive conjugated polymer electrolyte disposed between the organic-inorganic composite layer and the negative electrode.

Abstract: An ion exchange membrane is provided. The ion exchange membrane includes a reaction product of a polymer and a cross-linking reagent. The polymer includes a first repeat unit, and a second repeat unit. In particular, the first repeat unit is and, the second repeat unit is wherein R+ is A? is F?, Cl?, Br?, I?, OH?, HCO3?, HSO4?, SbF6?, BF4?, H2PO4?, H2PO3?, or H2PO2?; X is ?CH2?iY?CH2?j, i and j are independently 0, or an integer from 1 to 4; Y is —O—, —S—, —CH2—, or —NH—; R1 is independently C1-8 alkyl group; and, R2 and R3 are hydrogen, or independently C1-8 alkyl group; and, the cross-linking reagent is a compound having at least two imide groups.

Abstract: A polyelectrolyte includes a first segment and a second segment, wherein the structure of the first segment is at least one of formula (1) and formula (2); the structure of the second segment is at least one of formula (3) and formula (4). The polyelectrolyte undergoes microphase separation to form a nanoscale ordered self-assembled microstructure.

Abstract: A bipolar plate for a fuel cell is provided. The bipolar plate for the fuel cell has a plurality of flow channels, and a rib is defined between neighboring two flow channels. A side surface of the rib is non-porous. A top surface of the rib may be a roughened surface in order to improve performance of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A bipolar plate and a fuel cell are provided. The bipolar plate for the fuel cell has a plurality of flow channels, and a rib is defined between neighboring two flow channels. A top surface of the rib may be a roughened surface or have a porous structure in order to improve performance of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A composite electrode material of a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery are provided. The composite electrode material of the lithium secondary battery at least includes an electrode active powder and a nanoscale coating layer coated on the surface of the electrode active powder, wherein the nanoscale coating layer is composed of a metastable state polymer, a compound A, a compound B, or a combination thereof. The compound A is a monomer having a reactive terminal functional group, and the compound B is a heterocyclic amino aromatic derivative used as an initiator. The weight ratio of the nanoscale coating layer to the composite electrode material of the lithium secondary battery is 0.005% to 10%.

Abstract: An oxidant mixture for conjugated polymer synthesis is provided. The oxidant mixture at least includes an oxidant, a polyether and a nitrogen-containing compound, or at least include the oxidant, the polyether and a nitrogen-containing polymer, or at least include the oxidant and a polyether compound with nitrogen-containing functional groups, wherein the oxidant mixture and a precursor of a monomer of a conjugated polymer are polymerized directly on a surfac of a dielectric layer.