Abstract: A vehicle may include an electric drive system including switches having gates configured to control the switches. The vehicle may include a galvanic isolation coupling having a primary side electrically connected with an input power source and a secondary side electrically connected with a gate driver circuit. The gat driver circuit has a controller configured to actuate the gates and a power supply circuit electrically connected to the controller to provide backup power. The galvanic isolation coupling may be a flyback converter.

Abstract: A power module provides one or more power transistors and support elements in a card shape. The pins/terminals for signal-level input/outputs (e.g., gate drive, current sensor, and temperature sensor signals) are arranged in two parallel layers. The power terminals (e.g., positive and negative bus, and output junction of a phase leg) are preferably arranged in just one of the layers. The signal pins are spaced both laterally across a long edge of the power module and transversely to the edge direction, so that the minimum spacings (i.e., clearances) can be achieved while shortening the lateral length of the edge(s) of the power module. Preferably, the signal pins belonging to an individual power transistor (e.g., an IGBT or MOSFET) are distributed between the two layers so that corresponding signal loops can be magnetically decoupled from the power terminal loop.

Abstract: A vehicle power system includes a controller configured to issue commands to open a selected set of switches of an inverter and then to operate the selected set of switches according to a pulse width modulation signal having an increasing duty cycle such that input current to a battery is driven towards zero and a magnitude of d-axis current of the drive system is reduced in response to a fault with an electric drive system.

Abstract: A voltage converter includes a switch having a switching loss that decreases as a switching frequency of the switch decreases. The voltage converter further includes a controller programmed to vary the switching frequency based on a duty cycle of the switch and a current input to the switch to reduce switching losses or reduce a ripple current magnitude.

Abstract: A DC link capacitor coupled to positive and negative DC busses between a high voltage DC source and an electric vehicle inverter is quickly discharged during a shutdown. An active discharge circuit connected across the link capacitor has a discharge resistor in series with a discharge switch. The discharge switch has a control terminal for selectably turning the discharge switch on and off. A disable circuit is coupled to the control terminal and is responsive to a disable command signal to turn off the discharge switch. The disable circuit turns on the discharge switch upon cessation of the disable command signal. A timing circuit powered by a voltage from the link capacitor initiates a predetermined time interval upon cessation of the disable command signal, and continuously turns off the discharge switch after the predetermined time interval while the voltage from the link capacitor remains above a threshold.

Abstract: A hybrid drive system has a battery and a combustion engine for energy sources. The system has a traction motor, a generator, a variable voltage converter (VVC), a motor inverter, a generator inverter, a bus coupling the VVC to the inverters, and a controller. The controller regulates engine speed, motor torque, and generator torque. The engine speed is determined according to a driver torque demand. In normal conditions, 1) the controller regulates the engine speed by modifying a generator torque command, and 2) the bus voltage is regulated using the VVC and battery. When the controller detects a fault in which the battery and VVC become unavailable for regulating the bus voltage, then the controller regulates a motor inverter power output to match a sum of a generator inverter power output and an estimated power loss of the inverters in order to regulate the bus voltage.

Abstract: A vehicle powertrain includes an IGBT, having a Kelvin emitter and a mirror current sense, configured to energize an inductance, a first switch configured to draw a current from a gate of the IGBT at a rate based on a resistance engaged by the first switch while a current of the inductance exceeds a threshold, and a second switch configured to increase the rate in response to the current being less than the threshold. In one embodiment, the current is based on a filtered voltage across a resistor connected between the mirror current sense and chassis ground while the Kelvin emitter is connected to chassis ground. In another embodiment, the current is based on a filtered voltage across a resistor connected between the mirror current sense and the Kelvin emitter.

Abstract: A vehicle power system includes a controller configured to issue commands to open a selected set of switches of an inverter and then to operate the selected set of switches according to a pulse width modulation signal having an increasing duty cycle such that input current to a battery is driven towards zero and a magnitude of d-axis current of the drive system is reduced in response to a fault with an electric drive system.

Abstract: A facility secondary NO3? salinized soil modifier and a modification method are disclosed. The present invention involves the preparation processes of two biological soil modifiers A and B and application methods thereof, which are specifically described as follows: (1) soil modifier A: solid, obtained by microbial fermentation with straw powder and rice bran and the like as raw materials, C/N between 30-50, applied by uniformly mixing at 1-1.4‰ by mass with facility ploughing soil, co-culturing at 35-50° C. for 5-7 days, and then returning to fields; and (2) soil modifier B: liquid, subjected to salt tolerance acclimation to have effective microbial populations, and used in the crop growth period. Based on the microbial techniques, the present invention can improve soil structureness, enhance microbial activity and promote biological immobilization on inorganic nitrogen in soils, significantly increasing the facility cultivation crop yield, and improving the product quality.

Abstract: A vehicle powertrain includes a bypass diode and a controller. The bypass diode is configured to clamp an inverter DC terminal voltage to a battery voltage. The controller is configured to, while the terminal voltage is within a predetermined range of the battery voltage, maintain off a lower IGBT of a DC-DC converter while in a propulsion mode, and modulate the lower IGBT to increase the terminal voltage to maintain the bypass diode reverse biased while in a regenerative mode.

Abstract: A power conversion circuit includes a variable voltage converter (VVC) with a stabilizing means for stabilizing its output voltage. The stabilizing means can be in the form of a diode that clamps the VVC output voltage to the VVC input voltage so that the output voltage does not drop below the input voltage when a load imposes a sudden power demand. The stabilizing means also enables a bypass mode in which transient power can be provided from a power source to an inverter without current flow through the VVC inductor or switches. When embodied as a diode, the stabilizing means can increase the maximum power that can be transferred by the power conversion circuit, improve the power response of the circuit, minimize control instability, and reduce power losses.

Abstract: A voltage converter includes a switch having a switching loss that decreases as a switching frequency of the switch decreases. The voltage converter further includes a controller programmed to vary the switching frequency based on a duty cycle of the switch and a current input to the switch to reduce switching losses or reduce a ripple current magnitude.

Abstract: A facility secondary NO3? salinized soil modifier and a modification method are disclosed. The present invention involves the preparation processes of two biological soil modifiers A and B and application methods thereof, which are specifically described as follows: (1) soil modifier A.: solid, obtained by microbial fermentation with straw powder and rice bran and the like as raw materials. C/N between 30-50, applied by uniformly mixing at 1-1.4% by mass with facility ploughing soil, co-culturing at 35-50° C. for 5-7 days, and then returning to fields; and (2) soil modifier B: liquid, subjected to salt tolerance acclimation to have effective microbial populations, and used in the crop growth period. Based on the microbial techniques, the present invention can improve soil structureness, enhance microbial activity and promote biological immobilization on inorganic nitrogen in soils, significantly increasing the facility cultivation crop yield, and improving the product quality.

Abstract: An exemplary electrified vehicle assembly includes a cable connected to an electrified vehicle battery. The cable has a coiled portion providing an inductor.

Abstract: An improved capacitor packaging solution is presented that incorporates both thermal and electrical considerations. A package can include capacitor elements electrically coupled to a bus bar, and a thermally enhanced isolation layer between the bus bar and a case. The isolation layer can be provided adjacent a case base and sidewall portions. The bus bar can be disposed adjacent the isolation layer and be configured to extend along the package side and along the package length below the capacitor elements to provide an extended path for heat dissipation from the bus bar prior to its contact with capacitor elements. The enhanced isolation layer is configured to conduct heat away from the bus bar to the case to avoid the hotspot temperature of the capacitor. Reduced capacitor temperature allows use of smaller, cheaper capacitors, reducing inverter costs without compromising performance.

Abstract: Gate drive faults are detected for an inverter which comprises a phase switch having an insulated gate, such as an IGBT. A complementary transistor pair is adapted to receive a supply voltage and a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal to alternately charge and discharge the insulated gate. A comparator compares the voltage at the insulated gate with a reference voltage representing a gate drive fault to generate a first logic signal. A latch samples the first logic signal when the PWM signal has a value corresponding to charging the insulated gate. A logic circuit inhibits charging of the insulated gate when the latched logic signal indicates the gate drive fault. An insulated gate voltage less than the reference voltage is indicative of an under-voltage fault as well as other device failures of the IGBT or the complementary transistors.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle includes a traction battery, traction motor and power inverter therebetween. The power inverter converts the DC power of the traction battery to AC power to drive each phase of the traction motor. The power inverter includes Insulated Gate Bipolar junction Transistors (IGBTs) to modulate the power to the traction motor. The speed at which the IGBTs are modulated impacts the system performance including power loss, voltage overshoot and current overshoot. Using a dual emitter IGBT to provide a current mirror of the drive current, circuitry may be used with the gate drive circuitry such that the gate drive speed may be dynamically adjusted based on characteristics including temperature and traction motor rotational speed.

Abstract: A phone comprises a shell, a first communication module for communicating via a first communication network, a detection signal acquisition component as well as a sensor chip and a processing module for security monitoring, wherein the first communication module, the sensor chip and the processing module are accommodated inside the phone shell, and the detection signal acquisition component is mounted on the surface of the phone shell. Due to the integration of additional components related to security monitoring, the phone disclosed herein becomes an integrated device with both functions of basic communication and security monitoring. In addition, the resulted phone with security monitoring function has good characteristics of stealth and invisibility.

Abstract: Gate drive faults are detected for an inverter which comprises a phase switch having an insulated gate, such as an IGBT. A complementary transistor pair is adapted to receive a supply voltage and a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal to alternately charge and discharge the insulated gate. A comparator compares the voltage at the insulated gate with a reference voltage representing a gate drive fault to generate a first logic signal. A latch samples the first logic signal when the PWM signal has a value corresponding to charging the insulated gate. A logic circuit inhibits charging of the insulated gate when the latched logic signal indicates the gate drive fault. An insulated gate voltage less than the reference voltage is indicative of an under-voltage fault as well as other device failures of the IGBT or the complementary transistors.

Abstract: A PWM strategy can be implemented to reduce device power losses and hotspot temperature in an inverter circuit that drives a synchronous motor. A method includes migrating a phase current from a power device with higher losses to a power device with lower losses. A PWM modulation signal can be modified to alter the inverter duty cycle and migrate phase current in the direction of lower losses. As an example, a PWM reference signal can be shifted to a lower value. A PWM loss reduction strategy can be performed while a motor is in a rotor-lock state to reduce device hotspot temperature. The PWM loss reduction strategy can also be performed when a motor is operating in a normal state, pushing PWM to DPWM, reducing switching and overall losses. The strategy can be practiced while a PMSM is operating as a motor, and can also be practiced during regenerative braking.