Abstract: Autoinflammatory and mitochondrial disorders can be treated by positioning a plurality of electrodes in or on a subject's body, and applying an AC voltage between the plurality of electrodes so as to impose an alternating electric field through the tissue that is being affected by the autoinflammatory or mitochondrial disease. The frequency and field strength of the alternating electric field are selected such that the alternating electric field inhibits inflammation or mitochondrial disorders in the tissue.

Abstract: Compositions, systems, and methods for reducing electrosensation and/or skin irritation in response to the application of alternating electric fields to a skin of a subject are disclosed. The compositions, systems, and methods involve administration of at least one composition comprising at least one localized numbing agent to the subject followed by application of an alternating electric field to the subject.

Abstract: A method for treating a subject, the method comprises delivering an interleukin 23 (IL-23) inhibitor to the subject and applying an alternating electric field to the subject at a frequency between approximately 50 kHz and approximately 10,000 kHz.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of treating that can be performed using alternating electric fields applied in a single direction or multiple directions. Disclosed are method of treating a subject having diabetes comprising applying alternating electric fields to a target site of the subject for a period of time, the alternating electric fields having a frequency and field strength, wherein FGF21 is increased in the subject.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of treating a subject in need thereof comprising: applying alternating electric fields, at a frequency for a period of time, to a target site of the subject in need thereof; and administering one or more FGF inhibitors or FGFR inhibitors to the subject in need thereof. Disclosed are methods of increasing a cell's sensitivity to alternating electric fields comprising: applying alternating electric fields, at a frequency for a period of time, to a cell; and contacting one or more FGF inhibitors or FGFR inhibitors to the cell, thereby increasing the cell's sensitivity to the alternating electric fields. Disclosed are methods of increasing cytotoxicity in a cell comprising: applying alternating electric fields, at a frequency for a period of time, to a cell; and contacting one or more FGF inhibitors or FGFR inhibitors to the cell, thereby increasing cytotoxicity in the cell.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for inducing apoptosis and treating or reducing the occurrence of at least one condition, disease, disorder, or infection in a subject. The systems and methods rely on the application of an alternating electric field and administration of a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) system. Also provided are kits for performing the methods disclosed herein.

Abstract: Compositions, systems, and methods for reducing viability of cancer cells and treating cancer, as well as preventing an increase of volume of a tumor present in a body of a living subject, are disclosed. The systems and methods involve application of an alternating field in combination with administration of at least one composition comprising at least one small molecule anti-angiogenic agent that specifically interacts with VEGF.

Abstract: A method of treating a subject, the method comprises applying an alternating electric field focused on a liver of the subject at a frequency between approximately 50 kHz and approximately 10,000 kHz, where the subject has hormonal disorder and/or polycystic ovary syndrome.

Abstract: Systems and methods for increasing absorption of ingested substances into a subject's bloodstream are disclosed. The systems and methods involve application of an alternating field to the subject's abdomen, and may further include oral administration of at least one substance to the subject. Also disclosed are methods of treating or reducing the occurrence of a malabsorption condition in a subject via application of the alternating electric field to the subject's abdomen.

Abstract: Alternating electric fields (e.g., TTFields) may be induced in a target region in a subject's body by applying, during each of a plurality of first time intervals, a series of pulses of alternating current between electrode elements positioned on or in the subject's body. Immediately following each first interval of time, the electrode elements are allowed to cool. Although the pulses of alternating current within any given first time interval have amplitudes at a level that would cause overheating if the series of pulses was allowed to continue for one hour, each series of pulses does not, in fact, continue for one hour. To the contrary, each series of pulses is short enough to avoid overheating. Interleaving the cooling periods between the pulsing periods enables higher-current pulses to be used, and the use of those higher-current pulses can advantageously improve the efficacy of treatment.

Abstract: A method to treat a target region of a subject's body with an alternating electric field, the method including: applying the alternating electric field to the target region of the subject's body at a first frequency while increasing an intensity of the alternating electric field from zero to a target intensity; and changing the frequency of the alternating electric field from the first frequency to a target frequency while maintaining the alternating electric field at the target intensity, wherein the target frequency and the target intensity have a known efficacy for treating the target region of the subject's body with the alternating electric field; and wherein the first frequency is greater than the target frequency.

Abstract: A method of determining susceptibility of cancer cells to treatment with alternating electric fields, or of reducing the viability of cancer cells by applying alternating electric fields, by measuring percentage of ciliated cancer cells or by measuring average length of a primary cilia of cancer cells. A method of treating Huntington's disease by applying alternating electric fields to a brain of a subject.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method to determine placement of transducers on a subject's body for applying tumor treating fields, the method including: determining a pair of locations on the subject's body for placement of a pair of transducer arrays based on image data; receiving a detected concentration of a target molecule within a target region of the subject's body from a molecular imaging apparatus, the concentration of the target molecule being detected after tumor treating fields are induced between the pair of transducer arrays; determining, based on the detected concentration of the target molecule, how the tumor treating fields were distributed in the target region; determining a recommendation of a second pair of locations on the subject's body for placement of the pair of transducer arrays based on the distribution of the tumor treating fields in the target region; and outputting the recommendation of the second pair of locations to a user.

Abstract: Certain drugs and other molecules cannot ordinarily traverse the blood brain barrier (BBB). However, when alternating electric fields at certain first frequencies (e.g., 100 kHz) are applied to the brain, the BBB becomes permeable to those molecules. Moreover, certain drugs and other molecules cannot ordinarily traverse cell membranes. However, when alternating electric fields at certain second frequencies are applied to the cells (e.g., 150 kHz for uterine sarcoma cells), the cell membranes become permeable to those molecules. To get a certain drug past both the BBB and the relevant cell membranes, the permeability of both of those barriers can be overcome by sequentially (or simultaneously) applying alternating electric fields at both the first frequency and the second frequency.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of delivering a therapeutic to a target site of a subject comprising administering a lipid capsule to a target site of a subject, wherein the lipid capsule comprises a therapeutic agent; and applying an alternating electric field, at a frequency for a period of time, to the target site of the subject, wherein the alternating electric field releases the therapeutic from lipid capsule at the target site of the subject. Disclosed are methods of increasing target site specific release of a therapeutic agent in a subject comprising administering a lipid capsule to a target site of a subject, wherein the lipid capsule comprises a therapeutic agent; and applying an alternating electric field, at a frequency for a period of time, to the target site of the subject, wherein the alternating electric field releases the therapeutic agent from the lipid capsule at the target site of the subject, thereby increasing the target site specific release of the therapeutic agent.

Abstract: A method for treating tumor cells around a resection cavity comprises positioning a nonconductive material within a resection cavity that is adjacent to a target region. At least a first electrode and a second electrode are positioned relative to the tumor resection cavity so that electric fields between the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode travel through the target region. Tumor-treating electric fields are the generated between the at least one first electrode and the at least one second electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of increasing sensitivity of a cancer cell to alternating electric fields comprising exposing the cancer cell to an alternating electric field for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, and exposing the cancer cell to an IGFR1 inhibitor, JNK inhibitor, RPS6 inhibitor or ERK inhibitor. Disclosed are methods of increasing treatment efficacy comprising applying an alternating electric field to a target site of the subject for a period of time, the alternating electric field having a frequency and field strength, wherein the target site comprises one or more cancer cells, and administering a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of an IGF1R inhibitor, JNK inhibitor, RPS6 inhibitor, and/or ERK inhibitor to the subject.

Abstract: Methods of treating a neurodegenerative disorder in a subject are provided by applying alternating electric fields to the brain of the subject, optionally also administering a drug for treatment of the neurodegenerative disorder (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia) to the subject. In some instances, the neurodegenerative disorder can be treated by applying alternating electric fields to a brain of the human subject wherein the brain is tumor-free.

Abstract: Methods of treating diseases and infections by applying alternating electric fields to tissues followed by administering a treatment for the disease or infection are provided. In some instances, alternating electric fields can be applied at least until substantial improvement in disease manifestation. The exemplary methods can be used to treat kidney, heart, brain, and bone disease and conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions for methods of transporting of a vector, therapeutic, detectable, or combination thereof across a cell membrane of a cell. Also disclosed are methods of detecting and/or treating a tumor or cancer cell using a vector, therapeutic, detectable, or combination thereof either alone or in combination with applying alternating electric fields.