Abstract: A flexible strain sensor comprises a sensing area, a connection area, an encapsulation layer and a flexible substrate. The sensing area and the connection area are made of the same conductive material by adjusting size structures of different areas. The sensor is prepared by performing one-step printing of carbon black-silicone rubber composite conductive paste on a fabric substrate on the basis of a screen printing process. The method is simple and convenient to operate, is low in manufacturing cost and is suitable for large-scale production; and the prepared sensor has a high sensitivity (?10), a large strain range (˜100%), a low hysteresis quality and a good stability, and can be applied to the fields of human body motion detection, intelligent medical service, etc. The method for preparing a sensor in the present invention has important reference value for industrial production of a flexible strain sensor.

Abstract: A flight area management method for an uncrewed aerial vehicle and a related apparatus, where the method includes: An access and mobility management function (AMF) obtains flight area exception information of an uncrewed aerial vehicle, where the flight area exception information indicates that the uncrewed aerial vehicle is not located in a normal flight area. The AMF sends a flight area exception notification message to an uncrewed aerial system traffic management (UTM), where the flight area exception notification message is used to indicate that the uncrewed aerial vehicle is not located in the normal flight area. When flight area exception occurs on the uncrewed aerial vehicle, using the UTM to control the uncrewed aerial vehicle can improve controlling safety for the uncrewed aerial vehicle.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus, to separately configure, for different terminal devices in different public land mobile networks (PLMNs), different policies. The method includes: A core network element receives a registration request from a terminal device, and then sends a registration response to the terminal device based on first information and/or second information, where the registration response indicates the terminal device to set the first information. The terminal device sets the first information based on the registration response. The first information indicates a selection policy that is determined by the core network element and that is of selecting a closed access group (CAG) by the terminal device when the terminal device accesses a first PLMN, and the second information indicates a selection policy that is determined by the core network element and that is of selecting a CAG by the terminal device when the terminal device accesses the first PLMN.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to mobile communications technologies, and in particular, to a mobile communication method, apparatus, and device. The method includes: receiving, by user equipment UE, a non-access stratum NAS security mode command message from a mobility management entity MME, where the NAS security mode command message carries first verification matching information used to verify UE capability information received by the MME; determining, by the UE based on the first verification matching information, whether the UE capability information received by the MME is consistent with UE capability information sent by the UE to the MME; and if the UE capability information received by the MME is consistent with the UE capability information sent by the UE to the MME, sending, by the UE, a NAS security mode complete message to the MME.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to mobile communications technologies, and in particular, to a mobile communication method, apparatus, and device. The method includes: receiving, by user equipment UE, a non-access stratum NAS security mode command message from a mobility management entity MME, where the NAS security mode command message carries first verification matching information used to verify UE capability information received by the MME; determining, by the UE based on the first verification matching information, whether the UE capability information received by the MME is consistent with UE capability information sent by the UE to the MME; and if the UE capability information received by the MME is consistent with the UE capability information sent by the UE to the MME, sending, by the UE, a NAS security mode complete message to the MME.

Abstract: A session management method performed by a session management network element includes receiving a first request message, where the first request message is used to request to establish a first session for a terminal, determining to establish the first session as an always-on session, where the always-on session is a session for which user-plane resources are activated when the terminal is transitioned from an idle mode to a connected mode, and sending a first response message to the terminal, where the first response message is used to indicate that the session management network element accepts to establish the first session, the first response message comprises first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate that the first session is an always-on session.

Abstract: This application provides a tag state management method and a communication apparatus. The method includes: A first tag receives a first message from an access network device, where the first message is used to request to inventory a to-be-inventoried tag, and the first tag belongs to the to-be-inventoried tag. The first tag accesses the access network device. The first tag sends a second message, where the second message is used to request registration with a core network device. The first tag switches from a deregistered state to a registered state after sending the second message. According to the method, after the second message is sent, a state of the first tag is switched from the deregistered state to the registered state, to properly manage the state of the tag in a scenario in which the tag is inventoried by using an air interface wireless technology.

Abstract: A session management method performed by a session management network element includes receiving a first request message, where the first request message is used to request to establish a first session for a terminal, determining to establish the first session as an always-on session, where the always-on session is a session for which user-plane resources are activated when the terminal is transitioned from an idle mode to a connected mode, and sending a first response message to the terminal, where the first response message is used to indicate that the session management network element accepts to establish the first session, the first response message comprises first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate that the first session is an always-on session.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method for detecting an unauthorized uncrewed aerial vehicle, an apparatus, and a system. An AMF sends a tracking indication message to a network device, where the tracking indication message is used to indicate to report attribute information of user equipment in a coverage area of the network device when the attribute information of the user equipment meets a preset condition; and obtains the attribute information of the user equipment. In this way, after the attribute information of the user equipment is obtained, an identity status of the user equipment may be identified based on the attribute information of the user equipment, that is, whether the user equipment is an unauthorized uncrewed aerial vehicle is identified. This implements detection on an unauthorized uncrewed aerial vehicle that has accessed the 3GPP network.

Abstract: This application provides a message transmission method and a communication apparatus. The method may be performed by a link load orchestration function instance or a chip in the link load orchestration function instance. The link load orchestration function instance is connected to a service-based instance through a service-based interface, and the link load orchestration function instance is connected to a non-service-based instance through a non-service-based interface.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a session processing method and apparatus. When a quantity of sessions of a terminal device that each have an activated user plane connection is not less than a quantity threshold, the terminal device determines to deactivate a user plane connection of at least one first session, where the sessions that each have the activated user plane connection include the at least one first session. The terminal device sends a first request message to a first network element, where the first request message includes indication information, and the indication information indicates to deactivate the user plane connection of the at least one first session.

Abstract: A wireless network communication method, a network device, and a terminal, where the method includes: An uncrewed aerial vehicle traffic management entity receives an authorization request. The uncrewed aerial vehicle traffic management entity sends an authorization response. The authorization request is used to request authorization to control an uncrewed aerial vehicle by a terminal, and the authorization response is used to indicate whether the terminal is allowed to control the uncrewed aerial vehicle. Alternatively, the authorization request is used to request authorization to pair a terminal with an uncrewed aerial vehicle controller, and the authorization response is used to indicate whether the terminal is allowed to be paired with the uncrewed aerial vehicle controller.

Abstract: This application discloses an abnormal offline state determining method and a related apparatus. The method includes: An access and mobility management function network element (AMF) obtains location information when an uncrewed aerial vehicle enters or leaves an offline state. If a location indicated by the location information is outside a target offline area, the AMF marks a state of the uncrewed aerial vehicle as an abnormal offline state. The AMF sends a state identifier of the abnormal offline state to an unmanned aircraft system traffic management network element (UTM). Therefore, the location information when the uncrewed aerial vehicle enters or leaves the offline state is used to determine whether the uncrewed aerial vehicle is in the abnormal offline state, so that accuracy of determining the abnormal offline state of the uncrewed aerial vehicle can be improved to some extent.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to mobile communications technologies, and in particular, to a mobile communication method, apparatus, and device. The method includes: receiving, by user equipment UE, a non-access stratum NAS security mode command message from a mobility management entity MME, where the NAS security mode command message carries first verification matching information used to verify UE capability information received by the MME; determining, by the UE based on the first verification matching information, whether the UE capability information received by the MME is consistent with UE capability information sent by the UE to the MME; and if the UE capability information received by the MME is consistent with the UE capability information sent by the UE to the MME, sending, by the UE, a NAS security mode complete message to the MME.

Abstract: This application provides a network access method. The method includes: obtaining location information corresponding to a service subscribed to by a first terminal device; obtaining a location of the first terminal device; determining, based on the location of the first terminal device and the location information, that the first terminal device is located in an area indicated by the location information; and sending first indication information to the first terminal device, where the first indication information indicates to access a hosting network, and the hosting network is used to provide the first terminal device with a connection for obtaining the service. According to the method, when it is determined that a terminal device is located in an area indicated by location information corresponding to a service, the terminal device is indicated to access a hosting network, so that the terminal device accesses the hosting network and obtains the service.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for rate control are provided. In one aspect, a rate control method includes: receiving, by a control device, a connection establishment request from a terminal, the connection establishment request being for establishing a connection for the terminal to transmit data, and sending, by the control device, rate control time management information to a data sending device. The data sending device is configured to perform rate control over the data sent through the connection based on the time management information. The ratio control time management information includes start time indication information of a rate control time unit used for rate control, and the start time indication information indicates a start time of the rate control time unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to example SMS processing methods in an Internet of Things, mobility management network elements, and terminal devices, to provide an SMS service for an Internet of Things terminal device. One example method includes receiving, by a mobility management network element in a packet switched (PS) domain, a non-combined registration request from a terminal device, where the non-combined registration request carries SMS only indication information. When determining that the mobility management network element in the PS domain cannot transfer an SMS for the terminal device through the PS domain, the mobility management network element in the PS domain sends a location update request to a mobility management network element in a circuit switched (CS) domain The location update request is used to implement registration of the terminal device with the CS domain.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to mobile communications technologies, and in particular, to a mobile communication method, apparatus, and device. The method includes: receiving, by user equipment UE, a non-access stratum NAS security mode command message from a mobility management entity MME, where the NAS security mode command message carries first verification matching information used to verify UE capability information received by the MIME; determining, by the UE based on the first verification matching information, whether the UE capability information received by the MME is consistent with UE capability information sent by the UE to the MIME; and if the UE capability information received by the MME is consistent with the UE capability information sent by the UE to the MME, sending, by the UE, a NAS security mode complete message to the MME.

Abstract: A security context update method and a communication apparatus are provided. The method is performed by a terminal, and includes: storing a security context of first access and a security context of second access when the first access of the terminal and the second access of the terminal enter a deregistered state. The first access is one of 3GPP access and non-3GPP access, the second access is the other of the 3GPP access and the non-3GPP access, and the first access and the second access are different. According to the method, when the terminal supports multiple records for multiple registration, storage occasions of NAS security contexts corresponding to the 3GPP access and the non-3GPP access are provided.

Abstract: A flexible strain sensor comprises a sensing area, a connection area, an encapsulation layer and a flexible substrate. The sensing area and the connection area are made of the same conductive material by adjusting size structures of different areas. The sensor is prepared by performing one-step printing of carbon black-silicone rubber composite conductive paste on a fabric substrate on the basis of a screen printing process. The method is simple and convenient to operate, is low in manufacturing cost and is suitable for large-scale production; and the prepared sensor has a high sensitivity (?10), a large strain range(˜100%), a low hysteresis quality and a good stability, and can be applied to the fields of human body motion detection, intelligent medical service, etc. The method for preparing a sensor in the present invention has important reference value for industrial production of a flexible strain sensor.