Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for generating packet preambles. Some implementations more specifically relate to preamble designs for special cases such as, for example, full-bandwidth multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO), single-user (SU) preamble puncturing, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), and multi-AP coordination. Multi-AP coordination may refer to coordinated beamforming (CoBF), joint transmission (JT), or coordinated orthogonal frequency division multiple access (C-OFDMA). Additionally, or alternatively, some implementations more specifically relate to preamble designs that accommodate signal fields of different cases.

Abstract: A spatial position-dependent I/Q domain modulation method, dual domain modulation method and multiple access communication method are provided. The methods eliminate the dependence of physical layer secure communication on channel state information, and realize the function that a receiver at an expected position can communicate normally, while an eavesdropper at other positions cannot receive a signal or can only receive a wrong signal. The security capability of a wireless communication system is improved from the spatial dimension. The multiple access communication method can realize the distinguishing of multiple users according to precise spatial position points. Even if a plurality of users are located in the same sector in an angular domain, as long as the spatial positions of these users are different, the method can be used to perform multiple access communication, thereby further improving the spatial multiplexing rate of the system and increasing the system capacity.

Abstract: A random phase modulation method depending on a communication distance is provided. In the method, time synchronization is carried out by means of a transmitter and a receiver, a local random signal is generated, and an original signal to be sent is pre-coded according to a transmission delay and the generated local random signal, such that random phase modulation depending on a communication distance is realized, potential security brought about by positions of the transmitter and the receiver is fully utilized, a receiver at an expected distance position can receive a signal with a correct phase, and a receiver at another distance position receives a signal with a scrambled phase, thereby improving the secure communication capability of a wireless communication system in terms of the dimension of space.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for reducing PAPR in wireless communications. Some implementations more specifically relate to single-carrier frequency-division multiplexing (SC-FDM) techniques that can be used for wireless communications in wireless local area networks (WLANs). In some aspects, a wireless communication device may modulate a physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) as a series of symbols in the time domain and may transform a subset of the time-domain symbols into a number (Q) of frequency-domain samples based on a Q-point discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The wireless communication device maps the Q frequency-domain samples to a number (N) of orthogonal subcarriers (representing an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol), where N>Q, and transforms the N subcarriers into N time-domain samples, based on an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), for transmission over a wireless channel.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-readable media, for link adaptation in a wireless local area network (WLAN). A link adaptation test packet from a first WLAN device to a second WLAN may include a plurality of link adaptation test portions that are generated using a corresponding plurality of transmission rate options. For example, the plurality of link adaptation test portions may be modulated using different modulation and coding scheme (MCS) options. Thus, a single test packet may be used to evaluate different transmission rate options. The second WLAN device may provide feedback information regarding the link adaptation test portions. The feedback information may be used to determine a transmission rate for a subsequent transmission from the first WLAN device to the second WLAN device based on wireless channel conditions.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for increasing the transmit power of wireless communication devices operating on power spectral density (PSD)-limited wireless channels. Some implementations more specifically relate to trigger frame and physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) designs that support distributed transmission. In some implementations, an access point (AP) may transmit a trigger frame soliciting a trigger-based (TB) PPDU from a wireless station (STA), where the trigger frame carries RU allocation information indicating a number (N) of tones allocated for the STA and carries tone distribution information indicating whether the N tones are allocated for a contiguous transmission or a distributed transmission. In some other implementations, an AP or a STA may transmit a PPDU carrying distributed signaling information indicating whether the PPDU is transmitted as a contiguous transmission or a distributed transmission.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method and device used in wireless communication node. A first node receives K candidate radio signal(s), and receives a first radio signal, the first radio signal being associated to a first identifier; the K candidate radio signal(s) is(are) associated to K first-type identifier(s) respectively, and only K1 first-type identifier(s) among the K first-type identifier(s) is(are) equal to the first identifier; the K1 first-type identifier(s) is(are) associated to K1 candidate radio signal(s) among the K candidate radio signal(s) respectively; only the K1 candidate radio signal(s) among the K candidate radio signal(s) can be used for controlling a receiving power of the first radio signal; the K is a positive integer. The disclosure simplifies the AGC process on terminal side through designing K first-type identifiers, which is suitable for application scenarios with multiple subcarrier spacings on sidelink, thereby improving the overall performance of the system.

Abstract: A method for fabricating magnetoresistive random-access memory cells (MRAM) on a substrate is provided. The substrate is formed with a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) layer thereon. When the MTJ layer is etched to form the MRAM cells, there may be metal components deposited on a surface of the MRAM cells and between the MRAM cells. The metal components are then removed by chemical reaction. However, the removal of the metal components may form extra substances on the substrate. A further etching process is then performed to remove the extra substances by physical etching.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method and a device in a User Equipment (UE) and a base station for wireless communication. The UE receives a first signaling, receives a first radio signal in a first time window, and then transmits a feedback on the first radio signal in a second time window. The first signaling is used for determining time-domain resources occupied by the first radio signal; a first time-domain deviation is a deviation in time domain between the second time window and the first time window; when the first signaling carries a first identifier, the first time-domain deviation is one of K1 first-type candidate deviation(s), and K1 is a positive integer; when the first signaling carries a second identifier, the first time-domain deviation is one of K2 second-type candidate deviation(s), and K2 is a positive integer.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes an electronic unit, a protective layer, and a circuit layer. The electronic unit includes a chip unit, a first insulating layer, and a second insulating layer. The first insulating layer is disposed on the chip unit, and the second insulating layer is disposed on the first insulating layer. The second insulating layer has a first side. The first side overlaps the chip unit along the normal direction of the electronic unit. The protective layer surrounds the electronic unit, and the circuit layer electrically connects the electronic unit.

Abstract: A high-dimensional non-orthogonal transmission method is provided. In the method, signals of various users are mapped to form high-dimensional signals, and the high-dimensional signals are pre-coded, such that non-orthogonal transmission is realized in a higher dimension. Moreover, different users perform matched receiving on respective signals, and non-orthogonal transmission signals can be recovered merely by means of a receiver with a linear complexity. By means of the method, multi-user data non-orthogonal transmission can be realized without depending on conditions such as user pairing and collaboration, and various users do not need to perform iterative feedback, such that the detection complexity of non-orthogonal multi-user signals is significantly reduced.

Abstract: A phase domain modulation method dependent on a spatial position is provided. The method mainly includes the following steps: a transmitter and a receiver perform time synchronization to obtain a synchronization time; the transmitter performs a phase domain precoding operation on an original signal to obtain a phase domain pre-coded signal; the receiver receives the phase domain pre-coded signal, obtains a phase domain initial reception signal, and performs a phase domain matching operation on the phase domain initial reception signal to obtain an estimation of the original signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an external module including a housing and an electronic component. One surface of the housing is provided with a through hole. The electronic component is disposed in the housing and includes a first connector, wherein the first connector is floatingly arranged in the housing and is exposed in the through hole.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems that support communicating using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) according to a tone plan that supports 20 MHz subchannel puncturing within a wireless channel. In some aspects, a non-legacy tone plan may define a set of tones for a resource unit (RU) such that the RU does not overlap a 20 MHz subchannel boundary of the wireless channel. The locations of the set of tones in the non-legacy tone plan may be shifted relative to corresponding tones associated with a corresponding RU according to a legacy tone plan. One or more of the disclosed tone plans may enable puncturing of subchannels while making use of some RUs that would otherwise partially overlap a punctured subchannel in the legacy tone plan.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to methods for efficiently encoding sensor data captured by an autonomous vehicle and building a high definition map using the encoded sensor data. The sensor data can be LiDAR data which is expressed as multiple image representations. Image representations that include important LiDAR data undergo a lossless compression while image representations that include LiDAR data that is more error-tolerant undergo a lossy compression. Therefore, the compressed sensor data can be transmitted to an online system for building a high definition map. When building a high definition map, entities, such as road signs and road lines, are constructed such that when encoded and compressed, the high definition map consumes less storage space. The positions of entities are expressed in relation to a reference centerline in the high definition map. Therefore, each position of an entity can be expressed in fewer numerical digits in comparison to conventional methods.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and a device in a User Equipment (UE) and a base station for wireless communication. The UE receives a first signaling, the first signaling being used to determine a first time-frequency resource; receives a second signaling, the second signaling being used to determine a second time-frequency resource; and transmits a first bit block in the first time-frequency resource, or, transmits a first bit block in the second time-frequency resource. Time domain resource occupied by the first time-frequency resource and time domain resource occupied by the second time-frequency resource are non-orthogonal; the first signaling carries a first identifier or a second identifier; whether the first signaling carries the first identifier or the second identifier is used to determine whether the first bit block is transmitted in the first time-frequency resource or transmitted in the second time-frequency resource.

Abstract: A defect detecting apparatus and method are provided. The defect detecting apparatus receives an image to be tested. The defect detecting apparatus detects the image to be tested through a defect detecting model to generate an anomaly score corresponding to the image to be tested, and the defect detecting model is generated based on the training of a generative adversarial network and a plurality of normalized loss functions. The defect detecting apparatus compares the anomaly score with an anomaly score threshold to determine whether the image to be tested is a defective image.

Abstract: One example method for identifying useful segments in surgical videos includes accessing a video of a surgical procedure and user activities of a plurality of users who have watched the video of the surgical procedure. The user activities include operations performed during playback of the video. The method further includes dividing the video into multiple segments and determining a popularity score for each of the multiple segments based on the operations. Useful segments are identified from the segments based on the popularity scores. The method further includes generating metadata for the video of the surgical procedure to include an indication of the identified useful segments and associating the metadata with the video of the surgical procedure.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for increasing the transmit power of wireless communication devices operating on power spectral density (PSD)-limited wireless channels. Some implementations more specifically relate to pilot tone designs that support distributed transmission. A transmitting device may modulate a physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) on a number (M) of tones representing a logical RU associated with the legacy tone plan and may further map the M tones to M noncontiguous subcarrier indices associated with a wireless channel. The transmitting device may transmit the PPDU, over the wireless channel, with a number (N) of pilot tones each having a respective location relative to the M tones as mapped to the M noncontiguous subcarrier indices. In some implementations, the relative locations of the N pilot tones may be different than relative locations of a number (K) of pilot tones associated with the logical RU.