Abstract: A method for forming a tin-containing film on a substrate comprises: exposing the substrate to a vapor or a liquid of a film-forming composition that comprises a tin-containing precursor having the general formula: (R3Sn)2NR?, wherein R and R? each are independently H, a C1 to C6 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, or a C1 to C4 linear, branched or cyclic saturated hydrofluorocarbon group. and depositing at least part of the tin-containing precursor onto the substrate to form the tin-containing film using a deposition method. The exemplary tin-containing precursors include (Me3Sn)2NMe, (Me3Sn)2NEt, (Me3Sn)2N(nPr), (Me3Sn)2N(nBu) and (Me3Sn)2N(CH2CF3).

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for modeling prediction of inhalable particles concentration is disclosed. In the method, at least one dispersal event is identified, and at least one accumulation event is identified based on the identified at least one dispersal event. Then a dispersal prediction model is generated based on the identified at least one dispersal event. Then at least one accumulation level of inhalable particles concentration is obtained for the at least one accumulation event. A change prediction model for the accumulation level is generated. Then a plurality of accumulation prediction models is generated.

Abstract: The disclosure involves multi-source data assimilation. According to an embodiment, first data associated with an indication of environmental quality in a first region is obtained, and second data associated with an indication of environmental quality in a second region is obtained. The first data is of a higher quality than the second data according to a predetermined criterion. The second data is calibrated according to a relationship between the first and second data in an overlap of the first and second regions. Third data associated with an indication of environmental quality in a third region is determined based on the first data and the calibrated second data, wherein the third region comprises at least the first and second regions.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes receiving historical pollution distribution data indicating a pollution distribution in a target area, determining a first searching path for a mobile pollution detecting device that prioritizes subareas in the target area that have not been recently searched relative to other subareas, determining a second searching path for the mobile pollution detecting device that prioritizes subareas in the target area that have a high measure of pollution relative to other subareas, determining whether an amount of the historical pollution distribution data exceeds a threshold amount, and transmitting a signal causing the mobile pollution detecting device to search the target area for pollution based on the first searching path when the amount of the historical pollution distribution data is less than the threshold amount or the second searching path when the amount of the historical pollution distribution data is greater than or equal to the threshold amount.

Abstract: A system, a computer readable storage medium, and a method for data quality control using a correlated sensor group includes selecting a sensor group, by at least one processor, according to a uniformity and a correlation with air pollution concentration data from a reference station, selecting a time series based on the correlation, generating a particle concentration model between the sensor group and the reference station, calculating a deviation in the particle concentration data from the particle concentration model, and recognizing outliers from the deviation as unacceptable data.

Abstract: A system, a computer readable storage medium, and a method for data quality control using a correlated sensor group includes selecting a sensor group, by at least one processor, according to a uniformity and a correlation with air pollution concentration data from a reference station, selecting a time series based on the correlation, generating a particle concentration model between the sensor group and the reference station, calculating a deviation in the particle concentration data from the particle concentration model, and recognizing outliers from the deviation as unacceptable data.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes receiving historical pollution distribution data indicating a pollution distribution in a target area, determining a first searching path for a mobile pollution detecting device that prioritizes subareas in the target area that have not been recently searched relative to other subareas, determining a second searching path for the mobile pollution detecting device that prioritizes subareas in the target area that have a high measure of pollution relative to other subareas, determining whether an amount of the historical pollution distribution data exceeds a threshold amount, and transmitting a signal causing the mobile pollution detecting device to search the target area for pollution based on the first searching path when the amount of the historical pollution distribution data is less than the threshold amount or the second searching path when the amount of the historical pollution distribution data is greater than or equal to the threshold amount.

Abstract: A particle concentration is determined by acquiring a particle concentration measurement at a reference station from each of a plurality of sensors to be evaluated. A reference particulate concentration measurement is acquired from a reference station sensor at the reference station. A base set of sensors is selected from the plurality of sensors based upon a correlation calculation. A reference sensor is selected from the base set of sensors. A model is constructed that specifies a relationship between the reference sensor and the reference station sensor. A generalized sensor type is formulated using one or more characteristics of the reference sensor. The generalized sensor type is used to construct an inheritance network model. A particle concentration for the generalized sensor type is determined based upon the inheritance network model.

Abstract: The disclosure involves multi-source data assimilation. According to an embodiment, first data associated with an indication of environmental quality in a first region is obtained, and second data associated with an indication of environmental quality in a second region is obtained. The first data is of a higher quality than the second data according to a predetermined criterion. The second data is calibrated according to a relationship between the first and second data in an overlap of the first and second regions. Third data associated with an indication of environmental quality in a third region is determined based on the first data and the calibrated second data, wherein the third region comprises at least the first and second regions.

Abstract: Provided is a gastritis and gastric ulcer-treating agent, which is prepared and developed by processing solar salt and bamboo tree into heat-treated purple salt, in which the heat-treated salt, which is prepared by firstly heat-treating mineral rich solar salt and bamboo tree at a high temperature, that is, 1,100° C. or more; and two or more time repeating the heat-treating of the first heat-treated salt and bamboo tree under the above-described conditions, includes a large amount of hydrogen sulfide-producing material and has a purple color, and when the heat-treated salt is used along with aspirin, the heat-treated salt has an excellent effect on preventing stomach damage, thereby significantly reducing bleeding, ulcer, and the damage of mucous membrane, induced by aspirin.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for modeling prediction of inhalable particles concentration is disclosed. In the method, at least one dispersal event is identified, and at least one accumulation event is identified based on the identified at least one dispersal event. Then a dispersal prediction model is generated based on the identified at least one dispersal event. Then at least one accumulation level of inhalable particles concentration is obtained for the at least one accumulation event. A change prediction model for the accumulation level is generated. Then a plurality of accumulation prediction models is generated.

Abstract: Provided is a gastritis and gastric ulcer-treating agent, which is prepared and developed by processing solar salt and bamboo tree into heat-treated purple salt, in which the heat-treated salt, which is prepared by firstly heat-treating mineral rich solar salt and bamboo tree at a high temperature, that is, 1,100° C. or more; and two or more time repeating the heat-treating of the first heat-treated salt and bamboo tree under the above-described conditions, includes a large amount of hydrogen sulfide-producing material and has a purple color, and when the heat-treated salt is used along with aspirin, the heat-treated salt has an excellent effect on preventing stomach damage, thereby significantly reducing bleeding, ulcer, and the damage of mucous membrane, induced by aspirin.

Abstract: The present disclosure directs to method, device, system for creating virtual credit card. The method may include: acquiring a subset of real-name information from a user interface of a terminal device; searching the real-name information stored in the first server with the subset of the real-name information; upon the real-name information is found in the first server, sending the real-name user information to a second server; finding whether the real-name information associates with a credit card account stored in the second server; after finding the credit card account is stored in the second server, creating, by the second server, a virtual credit card account; and storing the virtual credit card associated with the virtual credit card account in the data storage of the first server.

Abstract: Provided is a gastritis and gastric ulcer-treating agent, which is prepared and developed by processing solar salt and bamboo tree into heat-treated purple salt, in which the heat-treated salt, which is prepared by firstly heat-treating mineral rich solar salt and bamboo tree at a high temperature, that is, 1,100° C. or more; and two or more time repeating the heat-treating of the first heat-treated salt and bamboo tree under the above-described conditions, includes a large amount of hydrogen sulfide-producing material and has a purple color, and when the heat-treated salt is used along with aspirin, the heat-treated salt has an excellent effect on preventing stomach damage, thereby significantly reducing bleeding, ulcer, and the damage of mucous membrane, induced by aspirin.

Abstract: A fault-tolerant messaging system comprises a primary broker, a first network, a back up broker, and a second network. The primary broker and the back up broker are coupled to the first network for communication with clients thus creating a messaging system. The primary broker and the back up broker are also coupled to the second network for replicating state from the primary broker and the back up broker, and also sending transaction events immediately to maintain synchronization. The brokers further comprise a replication module for communicating state between the primary broker and the back up broker, a recovery module for performing recovery on the back up broker upon failure of the primary broker, and a fault-tolerant connection module for establishing a fault-tolerant connection between the primary broker and the back up broker over the second network. The present invention also includes a number of novel methods for performing fault tolerance.

Abstract: An OP amplifier including an input stage and an output stage for improving a slew rate is provided. The input stage receives one of input voltages, and generates an internal voltage according to the received input voltage. The output stage receives and gains the internal voltage, and outputs an output voltage. The output stage includes a first transistor, a plurality of first capacitors and a first switching unit. The first transistor includes a first source/drain terminal coupled to a first voltage, a gate terminal controlled by the internal voltage. The output stage outputs the output voltage according to a voltage at a second source/drain terminal of the first transistor. First terminals of the first capacitors are coupled to the second source/drain terminal of the first transistor. The first switching unit selectively transmits the internal voltage to the second terminal of a corresponding one of the first capacitors.

Abstract: An OP amplifier including an input stage and an output stage for improving a slew rate is provided. The input stage receives one of input voltages, and generates an internal voltage according to the received input voltage. The output stage receives and gains the internal voltage, and outputs an output voltage. The output stage includes a first transistor, a plurality of first capacitors and a first switching unit. The first transistor includes a first source/drain terminal coupled to a first voltage, a gate terminal controlled by the internal voltage. The output stage outputs the output voltage according to a voltage at a second source/drain terminal of the first transistor. First terminals of the first capacitors are coupled to the second source/drain terminal of the first transistor. The first switching unit selectively transmits the internal voltage to the second terminal of a corresponding one of the first capacitors.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter is provided. The DAC includes a R-string section, a first DAC section, a second DAC section, a multiplexer, and an operational amplifier. The R-string section provides a first group of voltage levels and a second group of voltage levels. The first DAC section provides the output voltage according to the input word when the input word corresponds to a voltage level within a range of the first group of voltages levels. The second DAC section provides a second and a third voltage levels according to the remaining bits. The multiplexer is coupled to the second DAC section to provide an intermediate voltage from the first and the second voltage levels according to the LSB bit. The operational amplifier averages the intermediate voltage and one of the first and the second voltage levels to generate the output voltage.