Abstract: The present invention is fitness equipment with multiple functions. The fitness equipment includes a main frame, rotatable head rack, handrail rack, seat set, linkage bar, damping device and a rotatable treadle device. With the coupled configuration of rotatable head rack, seat set, linkage bar and damping device, trampling, hand-pulling and buttock lifting exercises can be achieved. The fitness equipment meets diversified requirements for both horse-riding and trampling, and also saves the space and cost.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter is provided. The DAC includes a R-string section, a first DAC section, a second DAC section, a multiplexer, and an operational amplifier. The R-string section provides a first group of voltage levels and a second group of voltage levels. The first DAC section provides the output voltage according to the input word when the input word corresponds to a voltage level within a range of the first group of voltages levels. The second DAC section provides a second and a third voltage levels according to the remaining bits. The multiplexer is coupled to the second DAC section to provide an intermediate voltage from the first and the second voltage levels according to the LSB bit. The operational amplifier averages the intermediate voltage and one of the first and the second voltage levels to generate the output voltage.

Abstract: A DAC is provided to convert an input word into dual output voltages, and the input word includes a least significant bit and remaining bits. The DAC includes an R-string DAC section and a selecting section. The R-string DAC section is capable of providing an nth and (n+2)th voltage levels according to the remaining bits. The selecting section includes a first multiplexer and a second multiplexer. The first multiplexer is coupled to the R-string DAC section to provide a first output voltage according to a panel polarity signal. The second multiplexer is coupled to the R-string DAC section to provide a second output voltage according to the LSB bit of the N-bit input word. The DAC may further include an operational amplifier to average the dual output voltages for producing an analog output signal.

Abstract: A DAC is provided to convert an input word into dual output voltages, and the input word includes a least significant bit and remaining bits. The DAC includes an R-string DAC section and a selecting section. The R-string DAC section is capable of providing an nth and (n+2)th voltage levels according to the remaining bits. The selecting section includes a first multiplexer and a second multiplexer. The first multiplexer is coupled to the R-string DAC section to provide a first output voltage according to a panel polarity signal. The second multiplexer is coupled to the R-string DAC section to provide a second output voltage according to the LSB bit of the N-bit input word. The DAC may further include an operational amplifier to average the dual output voltages for producing an analog output signal.

Abstract: An auger device for a nozzle of a sausage-making machine has a body with a top, a proximal end and a distal end, an inlet, an outlet, an elongated auger, a mounting ring and a casing holder. The inlet is formed on the top of the body. The outlet is formed on the distal end of the body. The elongated auger extends out of the outlet. The mounting ring is mounted on the outlet. The casing holder is mounted on the outlet at the mounting ring. When sausage links are made, ground meat is pushed by the elongated auger, which prevents meat blockage inside the casing holder. Thus, the nozzle for a sausage-making machine will eliminate machine stoppage due to meat blockage.

Abstract: A method of forming a coated titanium substrate comprises forming a titanium or titanium alloy based substrate, cleaning a surface of titanium substrate, coating an organic or inorganic solution on the surface of titanium substrate by plating, spraying, or rolling for forming a strong adhesion between titanium substrate and organic or inorganic solution, baking titanium substrate at a range from about 100° C. to about 230° C., and coating a layer of transparent paint on the surface of titanium substrate. This can form a strong adhesion between titanium substrate and transparent paint while demonstrating a unique surface property of titanium substrate.

Abstract: A guarding system of a credit card against unauthorized use includes one or more sets of letter-and-number series composed of letters and numbers stored in a credit card, and the same letter-and-number series as those of the credit card are set up in the data archives of the computer of a credit card issuing bank. The computer of the credit card issuing bank checks whether or not the letter-and-number series of the credit card coincide with those in its archives and deciding whether to allow the trading finished or not. Besides, the computer of the credit card issuing bank can automatically renew the letter-and-number series of the credit card every time after it is finished in trading. Then, these renewed data are checked and stored in the credit card and in the archives of the computer, surely preventing the credit card from copied and used by illegally and fraudulently.