Abstract: A system including a means for estimating the residual noise level in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is disclosed. The disclosed system and methods may be used in an electrocardiograph devices. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of electrodes positioned in proximity to a cardiac structure may measure an electrical signal of the cardiac structure to produce the ECG signal. The system may segment the ECG signal into a plurality of segments. For each of the plurality of segments, the linear trend energy and/or direct current (DC) energy may be removed from the segment, and the estimated noise energy of the segment may be calculated. A subset of the plurality of segments with a minimum estimated noise energy may be selected. The residual noise energy of the ECG signal may be estimated by calculating an average of the estimated noise energy over the subset of segments.

Abstract: A method is provided. The method includes pacing, by electrodes of a catheter, a heart tissue with pulses. The method includes observing, by the electrodes, a period of electrophysiological repolarization for the heart tissue. The period of electrophysiological repolarization is caused by the pacing. The method also includes measuring, by the electrodes, an electrical signal within the heart tissue after the period of electrophysiological repolarization.

Abstract: A method is provided. The method includes pacing, by electrodes of a catheter, a heart tissue with pulses. The method includes observing, by the electrodes, a period of electrophysiological repolarization for the heart tissue. The period of electrophysiological repolarization is caused by the pacing. The method also includes measuring, by the electrodes, an electrical signal within the heart tissue after the period of electrophysiological repolarization.

Abstract: A power line interference (PLI) suppression method includes receiving an input analog signal superimposed with PLI, and digitally estimating one or more harmonics of the PLI in real-time. Responsively to the one or more digitally estimated harmonics, one or more analog harmonic waveforms are outputted, that match the respective one or more harmonics of the PLI. The input analog signal and the one or more analog harmonic waveforms are received, and the superimposed PLI in the input analog signal is suppressed using the one or more analog harmonic waveforms. An analog output signal is outputted, that corresponds to the input analog signal having the suppressed PLI.

Abstract: A method, including receiving a bipolar signal from a pair of electrodes in proximity to a myocardium of a human subject, and receiving a unipolar signal from a selected one of the pair of electrodes. The method further includes delineating a window of interest (WOI) for the unipolar and bipolar signals, within the WOI computing local unipolar minimum derivatives of the unipolar signal, and times of occurrence of the local unipolar minimum derivatives, and within the WOI computing bipolar derivatives of the bipolar signal at the times of occurrence. The method also includes evaluating ratios of the bipolar derivatives to the local unipolar minimum derivatives, and when the ratios are greater than a preset threshold ratio value, assigning the times of occurrence as times of activation of the myocardium, counting a number of the times of activation; and classifying the unipolar signal according to the number.

Abstract: A method, including ejecting irrigation fluid from a distal end of a probe so as to irrigate tissue, and receiving, over a period of time, initial signals indicative of respective temperatures of the distal end, from a temperature sensor in the distal end. The method also includes formulating from the initial signals a temperature range between upper and lower temperature thresholds and, when a further signal from the temperature sensor, received subsequent to the period of time, is indicative of a further temperature above the upper temperature threshold, raising an alarm that a bubble is present in the irrigation fluid.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a bipolar signal sensed by a pair of electrodes at a location in a heart of a patient. One or more electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are received, sensed by body-surface electrodes attached to the patient. Two or more successive QRS complexes are identified in the bipolar signal. One or more activations are detected in the bipolar signal, which occur within a window-of-interest that begins at least a given time with respect to the identified QRS complexes. The detected activations are checked whether they are late potentials, by verifying whether (i) the activations do not coincide with a predefined event observed in the ECG signals, and (ii) the activations are repeatable in the successive QRS complexes. In response to deciding that at least one of the detected activations is a late potential, the latest of the at least one of the late potentials is visualized to a user.

Abstract: Systems and methods for optimal selection of beats for a 3D mapping are disclosed. A method in accordance with the present disclosure may be performed on a processor and may comprise receiving a plurality of beats from a catheter. The catheter may be located at a target mapping site, such as a chamber of the heart. A plurality of dynamic filters may be applied to the plurality of collected beats. The optimal beats may be determined and integrated as a beat in the 3D mapping system. This method enables the selection of more beats for a more comprehensive 3D mapping, as well as the selection of more quality beats that are representative of the target anatomy.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a bipolar signal sensed by a pair of electrodes at a location in a heart of a patient. One or more electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are received, sensed by body-surface electrodes attached to the patient. Two or more successive QRS complexes are identified in the bipolar signal. One or more activations are detected in the bipolar signal, which occur within a window-of-interest that begins at least a given time with respect to the identified QRS complexes. The detected activations are checked whether they are late potentials, by verifying whether (i) the activations do not coincide with a predefined event observed in the ECG signals, and (ii) the activations are repeatable in the successive QRS complexes. In response to deciding that at least one of the detected activations is a late potential, the latest of the at least one of the late potentials is visualized to a user.

Abstract: Medical apparatus and methods for diagnostic and site determination of cardiac arrhythmias within a heart of a subject are provided. A computing device receives, records and processes electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in the form of bipolar and unipolar ECGs associated with respective cardiac tissue locations corresponding to catheter distal end sensors on locations. Unipolar ECGs that include signals from a plurality of successive heartbeats corresponding to locations within an area of study are analyzed to identify Fractionated Unipolar ECG Signal Complexes (FUESCs) of unipolar ECGs by defining complexes of the unipolar ECGs that correspond to respective bipolar activity windows. Identified arrhythmia sites for treatment include a predetermined number of unipolar ECGs that have a predetermined number of FUESCs. Atrial arrhythmia sites for treatment by ablation can be identified with respect to FUESCs of unipolar ECGs that include signals from at least ten successive heartbeats of an atrial tissue study area.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems, methods, and processes for detecting electrode wire noise caused by flexing or deflection of a distal tip of a probe. Various sensor configurations are disclosed for detecting this noise, including displacement sensors for probe actuators and sensing wires integrated with the probe electrode wires.

Abstract: A method is provided. The method is implemented by a determination engine executed stored on a memory as processor executable code that is executed by a processor. The method includes determining that a stimulating pacing signal is captured from at least a portion of an anatomical structure and determining a time duration between the stimulating pacing signal and a subsequent response from the portion of an anatomical structure. The method further includes outputting the time duration.

Abstract: A medical system is provided. The medical system includes a processing device communicatively coupled to a probe. The processing device operates to cause the medical system receive physiological signals from electrodes of the probe and decompose the physiological signals into near-field component and far-field component by using mutual information from a set of the electrodes. The processing device operates to cause the medical system utilize the near-field components for localizing in time where a wave went under at least one of the plurality of electrodes.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a bipolar signal sensed by a pair of electrodes at a location in a heart of a patient. One or more electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are received, sensed by body-surface electrodes attached to the patient. Two or more successive QRS complexes are identified in the bipolar signal. One or more activations are detected in the bipolar signal, which occur within a window-of-interest that begins at least a given time with respect to the identified QRS complexes. The detected activations are checked whether they are late potentials, by verifying whether (i) the activations do not coincide with a predefined event observed in the ECG signals, and (ii) the activations are repeatable in the successive QRS complexes. In response to deciding that at least one of the detected activations is a late potential, the latest of the at least one of the late potentials is visualized to a user.

Abstract: A method is provided. The method is implemented by an interpretation engine executed by processors coupled to a memory. The method includes receiving a bipolar intracardiac reference signal from reference electrodes of a catheter and executing a preprocessing of the bipolar intracardiac reference signal. The method further includes interpreting the bipolar intracardiac reference signal according to a threshold for contact by a reference electrode of the electrodes.

Abstract: A method is provided. The method is implemented by a device orientation engine being executed by one or more processors. The method includes determining a movement between each electrode group of a catheter to provide movements and determining a total movement of electrodes of the catheter. The method also includes removing a standard component from the movements and the total movement and outputting a movement indication for the catheter based on the movements and the total movement with the standard component.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a bipolar signal sensed by a pair of electrodes at a location in a heart of a patient. A unipolar signal is received, which is sensed by an electrode at the location in the heart. A derivative of the received bipolar signal is computed. A derivative of the received unipolar signal is computed. A ratio is evaluated, between the derivative of the bipolar signal and the derivative of the unipolar signal at local minima of the derivative of the unipolar signal. When the ratio is smaller than a preset threshold ratio value, an occurrence of ventricular activity is indicated.

Abstract: A method is described herein. The method is implemented by an optimization engine executed by a processor. The optimization engine receives data that includes performance metrics of mapping and ablation procedures. In turn, the optimization generates procedure expected outcomes for the mapping and ablation procedures based on the data and success predictions for a current ablation procedure utilizing the procedure expected outcomes. The optimization engine, also, outputs an ablation recommendation based on the success predictions.

Abstract: A method includes acquiring a bipolar signal from a first electrode and a second electrode contacting a first location and a second location, respectively, in a heart of a living subject. The method further includes acquiring a unipolar signal from the first electrode while in contact with the first location, and deriving from the bipolar signal and the unipolar signal a point in time at which the first location is generating the unipolar signal. The method also includes computing a metric for a conduction velocity of the unipolar signal at the first location based on a shape of the unipolar signal at the point in time.

Abstract: A method that is executed by a determination engine is provided. The method includes receiving one or more pairs of heart beats, generating a model based on the one or more pairs of heart beats, and determining whether two given heart beats are part of a same arrythmia to produce a similarity result for algorithmic input.