Abstract: A method, product and system are provided for determining estimated quality scores in digital content distribution systems. The method comprises, based on monitoring of engagements and conversions, determining a segment-specific estimated quality score of a given traffic; determining an observation-based pair-specific quality score for the given traffic and for a specific campaign; and determining, based on the segment-specific estimated quality score and based on the observation-based pair-specific quality score, a pair-specific estimated quality score of the specific campaign for the given traffic segment indicating an estimated quality score of the specific campaign when presented in the given traffic segment.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and product are provided for providing a GUI. The method includes determining whether to present a widget over a display of a user, where the display has at least a portion of a page that is visible to a user. The page has a second widget, and the determining is based on an estimated likelihood that the user will reach the second widget. The widget is configured to present in the display one or more content cards. Upon determining that the estimated likelihood is below a first threshold, the widget is displayed over the display of the user. The estimated likelihood of the user is dynamically adjusted based on interactions with the page to provide an adjusted estimated likelihood. If the adjusted estimated likelihood of the user is above a second threshold, the widget may be removed from the display.

Abstract: A method, product, and system comprising: obtaining a webpage request from an in-app browser of an application of a user device, wherein the webpage request is configured to request a webpage or a portion thereof from a server, wherein the webpage request comprises a user-agent field; identifying that the webpage request has no valid referral information; and based on the webpage request, determining artificial referral information of the webpage request, wherein the artificial referral information indicates a referral source of the webpage request.

Abstract: A system for optical wireless power transmission to a power receiving apparatus generally situated in a mobile electronic device. The transmitter has an optical resonator with end reflectors and a gain medium positioned between them, such that an optical beam is generated. The frequency of the beam is selected such that it is absorbed by almost all transparent organic materials in general use. A beam steering unit on the transmitter can direct the beam in any of a plurality of directions, and the beam is absorbed on the receiver by means of an optical-to-electrical power converter, through a low reflection surface. The band gap of this power converter is selected to be smaller than that of the gain medium. The receiver has a voltage converter including an inductor, an energy storage device and a switch. A beam steerer controller ensures that the beam impinges on the receiver.

Abstract: A method, product, and system comprising: obtaining a webpage request from an in-app browser of an application of a user device, wherein the webpage request is configured to request a webpage or a portion thereof from a server, wherein the webpage request comprises a user-agent field; identifying that the webpage request has no valid referral information; and based on the webpage request, determining artificial referral information of the webpage request, wherein the artificial referral information indicates a referral source of the webpage request.

Abstract: Methods and systems for safely and effectively supplying a beam of wireless power from a transmitter to at least one receiver. A delta signal is generated by repeatedly calculating the difference in power between the power of the beam emitted by the transmitter and the amount of power received at the receiver. The system dynamically generates a time delay, which is a time period shorter than the maximal exposure duration relating to safe exposure durations for the power level of the delta signal. If the time delay is exceeded, the system changes an operational parameter of the system, such as terminating the beam. Because of limitations to building a perfect timing system, the system is built to be more sensitive to time delays having longer safe exposure durations, with large delta signals having short safe exposure durations being responded to immediately and without significant regard to the time delay.

Abstract: A system for measuring the power of a laser beam, comprising an essentially opaque enclosure, from which the laser beam is directed through an exit aperture. The enclosure contains a beam splitter configured to transmit a major part of the laser beam through the exit aperture, and to reflect a minor part of the laser beam; a diffuser element positioned such that the reflected minor part of the laser beam impinges thereon; at least one detector element in optical communication with the diffuser element, the detector element providing a signal in response to the diffused light of the minor part of the laser beam impinging thereon; and an absorber element positioned such that that part of any light entering the enclosure through the exit aperture and reflected by the beam splitter, impinges on the absorber element, and is essentially absorbed.

Abstract: A wireless power transmitter system for directing a high energy beam towards receivers fitted with identifying signs. One type of the identifying signs may have asymmetric shape properties, such that their mirror image cannot be matched to their actual shape, even after the image is rotated, tilted or otherwise geometrically manipulated. The system can thus determine whether a detected image of a sign is a true image received directly from said receiver, or is received after the imaged beam has undergone a reflection between the receiver and the transmission system. In the latter case, the system can prevent high power transmission from being directed to a location other than a real receiver, which could be a safety hazard. Other types of identifying signs may be located in or on the borders of different zones of a transmission space, to identify zones where transmission may be allowed or prohibited.

Abstract: A system incorporating safety features, for optical power transmission to receivers, comprising an optical resonator having end reflectors and a gain medium, a driver supplying power to the gain medium, and controlling its small signal gain, a beam steering apparatus and a controller to control at least the beam steering apparatus and the driver. The controller responds to a safety risk occurring in the system, by outputting a command to change at least some of the small signal gain of the gain medium, the radiance of the optical beam, the power supplied by the driver, the scan speed or the scan direction and position of the beam steering apparatus, or to register the scan pose which defines the location of said optical-to-electrical power converter. The controller may also ensure a high overall radiance efficiency, and may warn of transmitted power not received by a targeted receiver.

Abstract: A system for safe transmission of an RF electromagnetic power beam to a receiver for conversion into electric power. The receiver has an antenna array for receiving the RF beam and electrical circuitry to receive a corresponding RF electrical current from the antenna array. The circuitry includes a converter for generating DC current from the RF electrical current, and includes at least one component that reflects part of the RF current back towards the antenna array. This converts the reflected portion of the RF electrical current into a retransmitted RF electromagnetic beam having the same frequency as the RF electromagnetic power beam, and is directed back towards the transmitter. The receiver monitors the reflected RF current, and transmits a proportional signal back to a controller. The controller reduces the transmitted power beam if its interference with the retransmitted beam would generate a field intensity above a safe level.

Abstract: A safety supervision system for wireless power transmission, comprising a transmitter having an optical beam generator with safe states for transmitting power to receivers that convert the beam into electrical power. The system control unit stores previously known signatures categorized by predetermined parameters associated with one or more unwanted situations, stores data from sensors, compares this stored data to the signatures, and executes one or more responses based on this comparison. The system may comprise transmitter and/or receiver malfunction detection systems adapted to monitor the transmitter and receiver control units and to cause the optical beam generator to switch to a safe state upon detection of a transmitter or receiver control unit malfunction, and may further comprise a hazard detection system preventing human exposure to beam intensity above a predefined safe level.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and product including: obtaining a timeframe measuring a time since a content switch of a carousel widget, wherein the carousel widget displays a content card to a user, wherein the content switch comprises switching a first content card with the content card; comparing the timeframe to a time threshold; and based on said comparing, determining whether or not to perform a responsive action, wherein the responsive action comprises blocking a functionality that is associated with the content card or releasing a previously set blockage of the functionality.

Abstract: A wireless optical power transmission system comprising a transmitter and receiver, the transmitter comprising a laser emitting a beam, a scanning mirror for steering the beam towards said receiver and a control unit receiving signals from a detection unit on the receiver and controlling the beam power and the scanning mirror. The receiver has a photovoltaic cell having a bandgap energy of 0.75-1.2 e V, with a plurality of conductors on abeam receiving surface. A cover layer of material blocking illumination of wavelengths outside that of the laser, is disposed on the photovoltaic cell. The cover layer may have anti-reflective coatings on its top and bottom surfaces. The detection unit thus generates a signal representing the power of the laser beam impinging upon the receiver, independent of illuminations other than that of said laser beam. The control unit thus can maintain the laser power impinging on the receiver.

Abstract: A system incorporating safety features, for optical power transmission to receivers, comprising an optical resonator having end reflectors and a gain medium, a driver supplying power to the gain medium, and controlling its small signal gain, a beam steering apparatus and a controller to control at least the beam steering apparatus and the driver. The controller responds to a safety risk occurring in the system, by outputting a command to change at least some of the small signal gain of the gain medium, the radiance of the optical beam, the power supplied by the driver, the scan speed or the scan direction and position of the beam steering apparatus, or to register the scan pose which defines the location of said optical-to-electrical power converter. The controller may also ensure a high overall radiance efficiency, and may warn of transmitted power not received by a targeted receiver.

Abstract: A system for optical wireless power transmission to a power receiving apparatus generally situated in a mobile electronic device. The transmitter has an optical resonator with end reflectors and a gain medium positioned between them, such that an optical beam is generated. The frequency of the beam is selected such that it is absorbed by almost all transparent organic materials in general use. A beam steering unit on the transmitter can direct the beam in any of a plurality of directions, and the beam is absorbed on the receiver by means of an optical-to-electrical power converter, through a low reflection surface. The band gap of this power converter is selected to be smaller than that of the gain medium. The receiver has a voltage converter including an inductor, an energy storage device and a switch. A beam steerer controller ensures that the beam impinges on the receiver.

Abstract: A wireless power transmitter system for directing a high energy beam towards receivers fitted with identifying signs. One type of the identifying signs may have asymmetric shape properties, such that their mirror image cannot be matched to their actual shape, even after the image is rotated, tilted or otherwise geometrically manipulated. The system can thus determine whether a detected image of a sign is a true image received directly from said receiver, or is received after the imaged beam has undergone a reflection between the receiver and the transmission system. In the latter case, the system can prevent high power transmission from being directed to a location other than a real receiver, which could be a safety hazard. Other types of identifying signs may be located in or on the borders of different zones of a transmission space, to identify zones where transmission may be allowed or prohibited.

Abstract: A method, product, and system for inserting intermediate content page. An exemplary method comprises displaying to a user a first webpage followed by a second webpage; and in response to an instruction to return to a previous location from the second webpage, displaying an intermediate content webpage that comprises a feed element displaying sponsored or organic content. Another method comprises monitoring browsing activity of a user, in which the user reaches from a first webpage to a second webpage, and causing an intermediate content webpage to be displayed the user instead of the first webpage in response to a user instruction to implement the previous location functionality at the second webpage.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and product including: obtaining a timeframe measuring a time since a content switch of a carousel widget, wherein the carousel widget displays a content card to a user, wherein the content switch comprises switching a first content card with the content card; comparing the timeframe to a time threshold; and based on said comparing, determining whether or not to perform a responsive action, wherein the responsive action comprises blocking a functionality that is associated with the content card or releasing a previously set blockage of the functionality.

Abstract: A safety supervision system for wireless power transmission, comprising a transmitter having an optical beam generator with safe states for transmitting power to receivers that convert the beam into electrical power. The system control unit stores previously known signatures categorized by predetermined parameters associated with one or more unwanted situations, stores data from sensors, compares this stored data to the signatures, and executes one or more responses based on this comparison. The system may comprise transmitter and/or receiver malfunction detection systems adapted to monitor the transmitter and receiver control units and to cause the optical beam generator to switch to a safe state upon detection of a transmitter or receiver control unit malfunction, and may further comprise a hazard detection system preventing human exposure to beam intensity above a predefined safe level.

Abstract: A system for ensuring the integrity of the enclosure of a wireless power transmitter. The enclosure of the transmitter comprises a window in order to allow a high-power beam to exit the transmitter. The window is equipped with an area which reflects at least a portion of the beam, and directs the reflected beam onto a detector. Thus the system can ascertain whether the window is undamaged, since if the detector is receiving a satisfactory portion of the beam, then it is indicative of an undamaged window. This advantageously prevents dangerous beam generated damage which may be caused if the exit window of the transmitter is damaged. The laser beam is preferably circularly polarized before exiting the transmitter to prevent dangerous laser damage caused by the reflections of the maximum of the P or S polarization components, which may occur with linearly polarized beams.