Abstract: A method, consisting of presenting on a display screen a graphical image of a heart of a patient, including icons representing a catheter that is positioned within the heart and an electrode on the catheter, while the electrode is in contact with tissue at a location in the heart. The method further includes acquiring, using the electrode, electrical signals from the tissue at the location, and processing the acquired signals so as to detect an occurrence of a predefined signal feature in the acquired signals. The method also includes, upon detecting the occurrence of the predefined signal feature, modifying a visual feature of at least one of the icon representing the electrode and the icon representing the catheter on the display screen.

Abstract: A method for data display includes acquiring a three-dimensional (3D) map of a lumen inside a body of a subject, transforming the 3D map of the lumen into a two-dimensional (2D) image by projecting the 3D map onto an annulus, and presenting the 2D image on a display screen.

Abstract: Described embodiments include an apparatus that includes a display, including a screen, and a processor. The processor is configured to define a bounding region on the screen. The processor is further configured to render a quadric, which is defined in a parameter space, over a three-dimensional electroanatomical map of a surface of a heart that is displayed on the screen, by, for each pixel in the bounding region, transforming, to the parameter space, a virtual ray that passes through the pixel, and ascertaining whether a point of intersection between the transformed virtual ray and the quadric exists in the parameter space, and, for each pixel in the bounding region for which the point of intersection exists, rendering the pixel on the screen, based on properties of the point of intersection. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Described embodiments include an apparatus that includes a display, including a screen, and a processor. The processor is configured to define a bounding region on the screen. The processor is further configured to render a quadric, which is defined in a parameter space, over a three-dimensional electroanatomical map of a surface of a heart that is displayed on the screen, by, for each pixel in the bounding region, transforming, to the parameter space, a virtual ray that passes through the pixel, ascertaining whether a point of intersection between the transformed virtual ray and the quadric exists in the parameter space, and, subsequently, provided the point of intersection exists, rendering the pixel on the screen, based on properties of the point of intersection. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Values of a physiologic parameter at respective measured points in a heart are obtained. A 3-dimensional model of the heart is constructed, which includes first spatial elements that include the measured points and second spatial elements that do not include the measured points. The values of the parameter in the second spatial elements are interpolated and regional densities of the measured points in the model determined. The values of the parameter at the first spatial elements and the second spatial elements are displayed on a functional map of the heart, and a graphical characteristic of the map is modified responsively to the regional densities.

Abstract: A method for mapping a 3D surface that contains a volume in space, the method including: acquiring 3D vertices representing the surface, and defining in the space a first plane cutting the volume and a second parallel plane, external to the volume, thereby partitioning the vertices into a first set not between the two planes and a second set located between the two planes. The method further includes projecting the first set vertices onto the first plane so as to generate first projected points therein, and projecting the second set vertices onto the first plane while translating these vertices in respective directions parallel to the second plane by respective translations responsive to respective distances of the second vertices from the first plane, thereby generating second projected points in the first plane. The first and second projected points are displayed as a 2D representation of the surface on a screen.

Abstract: A method, including calculating locations of first sensors attached to a probe that has been inserted into a human patient, and calculating positions of second sensors attached to a sheath via which the probe is inserted. The method also includes calculating respective shapes of the probe and the sheath, to achieve a best fit to the calculated probe sensor locations and sheath sensor positions, while restricting the probe to pass through the sheath. The calculated respective shapes of the probe and the sheath are used to present an image of the sheath aligned with the probe.

Abstract: A method for 3D rendering, including receiving a group of 3D triangles defining a mesh of a surface, each 3D triangle in the group having 3D vertices with respective 3D coordinates, and transforming each 3D triangle into a 2D triangle having 2D vertices corresponding respectively to the 3D vertices, each 2D vertex having respective 2D pixel coordinates and a triplet of pixel attributes corresponding to the 3D coordinates of a corresponding 3D vertex. Each 2D triangle is passed to a graphics processor, which treats the triplet of pixel attributes of each 2D vertex as interpolatable values. The graphics processor computes respective triplets of interpolated pixel attributes for pixels within each 2D triangle by interpolation between the pixel attributes of the 2D vertices, and a 3D image of the surface is rendered by converting the interpolated pixel attributes computed by the graphics processor into voxel coordinates in the 3D image.

Abstract: A 3-dimensional image is displayed in high resolution colors by generating a 3-dimensional model as a triangular mesh, converting the mesh into a grid of voxels, and assigning attribute values to a portion of the voxels. Laplacian interpolation based on the portion of the voxels is applied for iteratively calculating interpolated attribute values of other voxels. The voxels are rendered as a colored image according to the attribute values on a display.

Abstract: A technique for controlling order of selecting elements from an ordered set of N elements, the technique provides applying to the ordered set a mathematical function P converting the order, in which the elements are preliminarily ordered in the set, into a desired order defined by the function P. The elements may further be selected from the set according to the new order defined by the function P. The elements in the set comprise at least one of the following: devices, items, parameters, values.

Abstract: A method for mapping a 3D surface that contains a volume in space, the method including: acquiring 3D vertices representing the surface, and defining in the space a first plane cutting the volume and a second parallel plane, external to the volume, thereby partitioning the vertices into a first set not between the two planes and a second set located between the two planes. The method further includes projecting the first set vertices onto the first plane so as to generate first projected points therein, and projecting the second set vertices onto the first plane while translating these vertices in respective directions parallel to the second plane by respective translations responsive to respective distances of the second vertices from the first plane, thereby generating second projected points in the first plane. The first and second projected points are displayed as a 2D representation of the surface on a screen.

Abstract: A method, consisting of acquiring signals, indicative of temperatures at respective locations in a biological tissue, from a plurality of thermal sensors mounted on a probe in contact with the tissue, interpolating between the temperatures so as to produce a temperature distribution map, and displaying the temperature distribution map on a screen. The method also includes determining that at least one of the thermal sensors is a malfunctioning thermal sensor, and that remaining thermal sensors of the plurality are correctly operating. The at least one malfunctioning thermal sensor is assigned a first arbitrary temperature and the correctly operating thermal sensors are assigned second arbitrary temperatures.

Abstract: A method for 3D rendering, including receiving a group of 3D triangles defining a mesh of a surface, each 3D triangle in the group having 3D vertices with respective 3D coordinates, and transforming each 3D triangle into a 2D triangle having 2D vertices corresponding respectively to the 3D vertices, each 2D vertex having respective 2D pixel coordinates and a triplet of pixel attributes corresponding to the 3D coordinates of a corresponding 3D vertex. Each 2D triangle is passed to a graphics processor, which treats the triplet of pixel attributes of each 2D vertex as interpolatable values. The graphics processor computes respective triplets of interpolated pixel attributes for pixels within each 2D triangle by interpolation between the pixel attributes of the 2D vertices, and a 3D image of the surface is rendered by converting the interpolated pixel attributes computed by the graphics processor into voxel coordinates in the 3D image.

Abstract: A technique for controlling order of selecting elements from an ordered set of N elements, the technique provides applying to the ordered set a mathematical function P converting the order, in which the elements are preliminarily ordered in the set, into a desired order defined by the function P. The elements may further be selected from the set according to the new order defined by the function P. The elements in the set comprise at least one of the following: devices, items, parameters, values.

Abstract: A method and a system for lighting control, which utilize assigning to a specific fixture (lighting instrument) at least one virtual parameter convertible into one or more physical parameters of the fixture, for further controlling the fixture by controlling the mentioned at least one virtual parameter.