Abstract: A customizing equipment for individualized contact lenses comprises an uniform illumination system, a gray image generation system, a projection optical system, a stage system and an alignment system, among which the uniform illumination system generates uniform parallel illuminative light, which generates gray images through the gray image generator controlled by a computer after going through the gray image generation system according to detection results of aberration of human eyes, and images on the image plane of given radius of curvature with photoresist on the samples' surface, which is fixed on the stage system and adjusted to the correct position through the alignment system, after the gray images are zoomed and the curvature of the image field is corrected through the projection optical system, so that the photoresist on the samples' surface will be exposed according to the gray levels of the gray images, after which the exposed samples are developed and etched to obtain the device with continuous e

Abstract: A limiter based analog demodulator includes a power amplifier receiving a base-band signal and a local clock operating at the base-band frequency. A first multiplier receives an output from the power amplifier and the local clock to provide an in phase signal. A quadrature phase shifter receives the local clock and a second multiplier receives the output from the power amplifier and an output from the phase shifter to provide a quadrature signal. Analog filters receive the in phase and quadrature signals and analog to digital converters connected to the analog filters provide digitized in phase and quadrature signals. The phase detector then receives the digitized in phase and quadrature signals.

Abstract: Pixel image sensors with lateral photodiode elements and vertical overflow drain systems. According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, an image sensor pixel includes a lateral photodiode element and a vertical overflow drain system for draining excessive charges accumulated in the charge collecting region of the lateral photodiode element and for resetting the charge collecting region of the lateral photodiode element.

Abstract: A digital to analog converter (DAC) for a communications system with reduced intersymbol interference incorporates dynamic element matching (DEM) with a matching element array having 2M bits for an input corresponding to M+1 levels thereby employing only one half the range of the DEM and array to produce the DAC output.

Abstract: A digital to analog converter (DAC) for a communications system with reduced intersymbol interference incorporates dynamic element matching (DEM) with a matching element array having 2M bits for an input corresponding to M+1 levels thereby employing only one half the range of the DEM and array to produce the DAC output.

Abstract: An image sensor element includes a vertical overflow drain structure to eliminate substrate charge diffusion causing CMOS image sensor noise. An extra chemical mechanical polish step used to shorten the micro-lens to silicon surface distance in order to reduce optical cross talking. One embodiment uses N type substrate material with P? epitaxial layer to form a vertical overflow drain. Deep P well implantation is introduced to the standard CMOS process to prevent latch-up between an N well to an N type substrate. A photo diode is realized by stacked N well/Deep N well and stacked P well/Deep P well to improve performance.

Abstract: Pixel image sensors with lateral photodiode elements and vertical overflow drain systems. According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, an image sensor pixel includes a lateral photodiode element and a vertical overflow drain system for draining excessive charges accumulated in the charge collecting region of the lateral photodiode element and for resetting the charge collecting region of the lateral photodiode element.