Abstract: A method for distributing symmetric encryption keys in a communication system comprising a plurality of nodes is disclosed. Each node comprises information about printer control settings and printer jobs and a printing device configured for generating encryption keys. The method comprises: providing to each node an initial session key information that comprises an initial printer control setting and an initial printer job setting; providing to each node as a one-time pad an initial session key package encrypted with the initial session key information and comprising items of first session key information, wherein any two nodes have a common item of first session key information; generating at each node second session key information that is different for each of the other nodes; and sending from one of the nodes to another node a message encrypted with the first session key information and comprising the second session key information.

Abstract: Computer implemented method for generating a hash value (110) is disclosed, the method comprises the following steps: i) Providing a first digital RGB image (112) having first RGB colors of a physical object (114); ii) Combining first transaction data (116) and the first digital RGB image (112), thereby generating a second RGB image (118) having second RGB colors; iii) Converting (128) color values of the second RGB image (118) from RGB color space (130) to a secondary color space (132) having at least four primary colors and determining (134) a number of respectively colored pixels for each primary color of the secondary color space (132); iv) Generating (136) the hash value (110) by converting the determined number of respectively colored pixels for each primary color of the secondary color space (132) to hexadecimal numerals.

Abstract: Process for making solid methylglycine diacetate (MGDA) alkali metal salt (A), said process comprising the steps of (a) providing a 40 to 60% by weight aqueous solution of said salt (A) having a temperature in the range of from 50 to 90° C., (b) crystallizing salt (A), (c) removing said crystalline salt (A) from the mother liquor by filtration, and (d) subjecting the water containing filter cake from step (c) to an extrusion step.

Abstract: A process can be used for performing a pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in a rotary drum reactor at a temperature in the range of from 600 to 1800° C. The heat for the endothermic pyrolysis is provided by resistive heating of at least one particulate electrically conductive material introduced into said rotary drum reactor and moved through the rotary drum reactor with a flow of a hydrocarbon. The rotary drum reactor contains (A) an inner wall made of electrically insulated material, (B) a pressure-bearing outer wall, and (C) an electrical heating system attached to the inner wall and/or at least one integrated electrically conducting electrode pair. The at least one electrode pair is located at both ends of the inner wall of the rotary drum.

Abstract: A method of generating at least one encryption key (130) for encrypting data (142), a method of 5 data transmission between at least two communication systems (136, 138), a method of encrypting data (142) and a method of decrypting encrypted data (144) are disclosed. Further disclosed are an encryption key generating device (110), a system (134), a data encryption system (148) and a data decryption system (150). The method of generating at least one encryption key (130) for encrypting data (142), specifically for data transmission over an insecure channel, comprises: i. blending at least two materials (114) according to at least one item of blending in-formation by using a blending device (112), thereby generating at least one blend (120); ii. detecting at least one material property (124) of the blend (120) by using at least one detector (126); and iii.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a tablet including (A) filling a starting material, which is in a solid form, in a first open cavity, which is formed by a first punch and a die, to obtain a second open cavity, which is filled at least partly with the starting material, (B) closing the second open cavity by a second punch to obtain a first dosed cavity, (C) compressing the starting material at a compression temperature below 37° C. by moving at least one out of the first punch and the second punch to obtain a second closed cavity, which has a smaller volume than the first closed cavity, which results in formation of a trapped tablet of the starting material in the second closed cavity, (D) removing the trapped tablet to obtain the tablet, which has a tablet temperature below 37° C. directly after removal.

Abstract: Process for making an electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, said process comprising the following steps: (a) Contacting a mixture of (A) a precursor of a mixed oxide according to general formula Li1+xTM1?xO2, wherein TM is a combination of two or more transition metals selected from Mn, Co and Ni, optionally in combination with at least one more metal selected from Ba, Al, Ti, Zr, W, Fe, Cr, K, Mo, Nb, Mg, Na and V, and x is in the range of from zero to 0.2, and (B) at least one lithium compound, with (C) Br2, I2, or at least one compound selected from carbon perhalides selected from the bromides and iodides, and interhalogen compounds comprising bromine or iodine, and (b) Subjecting said mixture to heat treatment at a temperature in the range of from 700 to 1000° C.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a process for making a coated oxide material, said process comprising the following steps: (a) providing a particulate material selected from lithiated nickel-cobalt aluminum oxides, lithium cobalt oxide, lithiated cobalt-manganese oxides and lithiated layered nickel-cobalt-manganese oxides, (b) treating said cathode active material with a metal alkoxide metal amide or alkyl metal compound, (c) treating the material obtained in step (b) with moisture, and, optionally, repeating the sequence of steps (b) and (c), wherein steps (b) and (c) are carried out in a vessel of which at least one part rotates around a horizontal axis.

Abstract: Process for preparing chlorine by oxidation of hydrogen chloride by means of oxygen in the presence of a particulate catalyst in a fluidized-bed reactor, where the heat of reaction of the exothermic oxidation of hydrogen chloride is removed by means of water which circulates in the tubes of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, where (i) the fluidized-bed reactor is heated up to an operating temperature in the range from 350 to 420° C. in a heating-up phase and (ii) hydrogen chloride is reacted with oxygen in an operating phase at the operating temperature, wherein (i-1) the fluidized-bed reactor is heated up to a temperature below the operating temperature in a first heating-up phase and (i-2) hydrogen chloride and oxygen are fed into the fluidized-bed reactor and reacted in a second heating-up phase in which the fluidized-bed reactor is heated up to the operating temperature by the heat of reaction of the exothermic oxidation of hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: Process for making an electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, said process comprising the following steps: (a) Contacting a mixture of (A) a precursor of a mixed oxide according to general formula Li1+xTM1?xO2, wherein TM is a combination of two or more transition metals selected from Mn, Co and Ni, optionally in combination with at least one more metal selected from Ba, Al, Ti, Zr, W, Fe, Cr, K, Mo, Nb, Mg, Na and V, and x is in the range of from zero to 0.2, and (B) at least one lithium compound, with (C) Br2, I2, or at least one compound selected from carbon perhalides selected from the bromides and iodides, and interhalogen compounds comprising bromine or iodine, and (b) Subjecting said mixture to heat treatment at a temperature in the range of from 700 to 1000° C.

Abstract: A process for preparing chlorine by gas-phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride over a heterogeneous, particulate catalyst in a fluidized-bed reactor to give a product gas mixture which is freed of entrained catalyst particles in cyclones (1) which are arranged in the upper region of the fluidized-bed reactor, which comprises a cylindrical upper part (2) which has a tangential or spiral-shaped inlet (3) for the product gas mixture and tapers at its lower end via a conical section (4) into a cyclone downcomer tube (5) and also a central downward-extending tube (6) in the upper region of the cyclone (1) for discharging the product gas mixture which has been freed of entrained catalyst particles, wherein from one to seven cascades of in each case from two to five cyclones (1) connected in series are used, with the cyclones (1) of each cascade, with the exception of the first cyclone (1) through which flow occurs in each case, which is designed so that about 90 to 99% by weight of the entrained catalyst particles ar

Abstract: An oxidation process employing a mechanically stable catalyst of an active metal or combination of active metals supported on aluminum oxide, which is predominantly alpha-aluminum oxide, is provided. The active metal or metals is optionally one or a mixture of ruthenium, copper, gold, an alkaline earth metal, an alkali metal, palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver, and rhenium. The process is applicable to the oxidation of hydrogen chloride to chlorine in a Deacon process.

Abstract: Process for preparing chlorine by oxidation of hydrogen chloride by means of oxygen in the presence of a particulate catalyst in a fluidized-bed reactor, where the heat of reaction of the exothermic oxidation of hydrogen chloride is removed by means of water which circulates in the tubes of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, where (i) the fluidized-bed reactor is heated up to an operating temperature in the range from 350 to 420° C. in a heating-up phase and (ii) hydrogen chloride is reacted with oxygen in an operating phase at the operating temperature, wherein (i-1) the fluidized-bed reactor is heated up to a temperature below the operating temperature in a first heating-up phase and (i-2) hydrogen chloride and oxygen are fed into the fluidized-bed reactor and reacted in a second heating-up phase in which the fluidized-bed reactor is heated up to the operating temperature by the heat of reaction of the exothermic oxidation of hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: A catalytic process for preparing chlorine from hydrogen chloride, which includes recycle of process streams with reduced accumulation of inert gases in the system is provided. The process includes a step wherein a compressed liquid stream comprising chlorine, carbon dioxide and oxygen is recycled into a column countercurrent to the ascending gas phase and feeding part of the chlorine-rich liquid phase leaving the bottom of the column back into the top of the column. Carbon dioxide present in the ascending gas stream is dissolved out of the gas stream and can later be separated from chlorine without problems by distillation.

Abstract: A process for preparing chlorine by oxidation of hydrogen chloride in the presence of a heterogeneous particulate catalyst by the Deacon process in a fluidized-bed reactor (1), in which the heat of reaction is removed by evaporative cooling by means of water which circulates in the tubes (2) of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, with the water being fed from a steam drum (4) via a feed line (5) to the tubes (2) of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger at one end of these, being heated in the tubes (2) by uptake of the heat of reaction and partly vaporizing to give a water/steam mixture which at the other end of the tubes (2) of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is recirculated via a return line (6) to the steam drum (4), wherein the maximum pressure for which the fluidized-bed reactor (1) has to be designed to allow for the event of rupture of a tube (2) of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is minimized by a valve (7) which in the event of a pressure increase as a result of rupture of a tube (2) closes the feed lin

Abstract: A process for preparing aromatic amines by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding nitro compound in a fluidized-bed reactor, in which a gaseous reaction mixture comprising the nitro compound and hydrogen flows from the bottom upward through a heterogeneous particulate catalyst forming a fluidized bed, wherein the fluidized bed is provided with internals which divide the fluidized bed into a plurality of cells arranged horizontally in the fluidized-bed reactor and a plurality of cells arranged vertically in the fluidized-bed reactor, with the cells having cell walls which are permeable to gas and have openings which ensure an exchange number of the heterogeneous, particulate catalyst in the vertical direction in the range from 1 to 100 liters/hour per liter of reactor volume, is proposed.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor for carrying out a gas-phase reaction, in which a gaseous reaction mixture flows from the bottom upward through a heterogeneous particulate catalyst forming a fluidized bed and internals are arranged in the fluidized bed, wherein the internals divide the fluidized bed into a plurality of cells arranged horizontally in the fluidized-bed reactor and a plurality of cells arranged vertically in the fluidized-bed reactor, with the cells having cell walls which are permeable to gas and have openings which ensure an exchange number of the heterogeneous particulate catalyst in the vertical direction in the range from 1 to 100 liters/hour per liter of reactor volume, is proposed.

Abstract: A catalyst for gas-phase reactions which has high mechanical stability and comprises one or more active metals on a support comprising aluminum oxide as support material, wherein the aluminum oxide in the support consists essentially of alpha-aluminum oxide. Ruthenium, copper and/or gold are preferred as active metal. Particularly preferred catalysts according to invention comprise a) from 0.001 to 10% by weight of ruthenium, copper and/or gold, b) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more alkaline earth metals, c) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more alkali metals, d) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more rare earth metals, e) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more further metals selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver and rhenium, in each case based on the total weight of the catalyst, on the support comprising alpha-Al2O3. The catalysts are preferably used in the oxidation of hydrogen chloride (Deacon reaction).

Abstract: A catalyst for gas-phase reactions which has high mechanical stability and comprises one or more active metals on a support comprising aluminum oxide as support material, wherein the aluminum oxide in the support consists essentially of alpha-aluminum oxide. Ruthenium, copper and/or gold are preferred as active metal. Particularly preferred catalysts according to invention comprise a) from 0.001 to 10% by weight of ruthenium, copper and/or gold, b) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more alkaline earth metals, c) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more alkali metals, d) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more rare earth metals, e) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more further metals selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver and rhenium, in each case based on the total weight of the catalyst, on the support comprising alpha-Al2O3. The catalysts are preferably used in the oxidation of hydrogen chloride (Deacon reaction).

Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor and a process for preparing chlorine from hydrogen chloride by gas-phase oxidation by means of oxygen in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst in a fluidized bed, with gas-permeable plates being located in the fluidized bed. The gas-permeable plates are connected in a thermally conductive manner to a heat exchanger located in the fluidized bed.