Abstract: A process of forming milled solid particles of a compound comprising milling solid particles of the compound in a liquid organic medium continuous phase in the presence of polymeric milling media to reduce the average size of the compound particles, wherein the liquid continuous phase comprises a solvent for the milling media polymer in the uncrosslinked form and the milling media is crosslinked sufficiently to prevent 50 vol. % swelling of the polymeric milling media in the liquid continuous phase within four hours at 25.degree. C. In various preferred embodiments of the invention, polymeric milling media having a mean particle size of less than about 100 .mu.m in the unswelled state (i.e.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for re-applying dye to a dye donor element of a dye transfer thermal printer. A reservoir contains a supply of dye that is thermally transferred from the reservoir to the dye donor element by diffusion of dye into the dye donor element. The reservoir has a diffusion controlled permeation membrane through which dye is delivered to the dye donor element, while inhibiting diffusion of a binder, whereby the dye diffuses between the reservoir and the dye donor element but the binder does not.

Abstract: In the fusing of an electrostatographic toner pattern to a receiver sheet such as paper or film, a selected degree of gloss or texture is imparted to the image by the use of thermoplastic toner particles having a surface energy less than 35 mN/m at 150.degree. C. and a belt fusing system having a belt of a surface texture adapted to provide the selected degree of gloss or texture to the fused image, the belt having a surface energy of 35 to 70 mN/m at 150.degree. C. and at least 5 mN/m at 150.degree. C. greater than that of the toner particles.

Abstract: A multiactive photoconductive element exhibiting reduced black spots in discharged area development systems. The element includes (A) a conductive layer, (B) an aggregate charge generation layer in direct physcial contact with the conductive layer and (C) a charge transport layer. The charge generation layer contains (i) a binder an adhesive polymer. The charge transport layer contains a binder according to formula II: ##STR1## wherein the Ar, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, and R.sup.12 and x are defined in the specification.

Abstract: Polyblends are provided which comprise (a) a major amount of a linear or branched matrix polymer comprising a polyester having a number average molecular weight of at least 2000 or a vinyl polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least 3000 and (b) a minor amount of a block copolymer of AB or ABA type wherein A is a homopolymer block which is compatible with the matrix polymer and B is a homopolymer block which is incompatible with the matrix polymer, the blend having a fusing temperature of not more than about 250.degree. C., a melt viscosity of from about 4.times.10.sup.2 to 5.times.10.sup.4 poise as measured on a Rheometrics Dynamic Analyzer at 150.degree. C. and a frequency of 1 rad/sec and a melt elasticity of from about 1.5.times.10.sup.2 to 4.times.10.sup.4 dynes/cm.sup.2.The polyblends are useful in the preparation of electrostatographic toner compositions used in electrographic processes.

Abstract: A method is provided for non-electrostatically transferring dry toner particles which comprise a toner binder and have a particle size of 8 micrometers or less from the surface of an element to a receiver. The receiver comprises a substrate having a coating of a semi-crystalline polyester on a surface of the substrate. The semi-crystalline polyester has a glass transition temperature in a range of from approximately 5.degree. C. to 80.degree. C.; a melting temperature in a range of from approximately 40.degree. C. to 200.degree. C.; a weight average molecular weight in a range of from approximately 10,000 to 150,000; a number average molecular weight in a range of from approximately 5,000 to 75,000; a crystallinity of from approximately 5 to 25 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the polyester and a surface energy of from approximately 44 to 52 dynes/cm. The method involves preheating the receiver to a temperature ranging from approximately 70.degree. C. to 95.degree. C.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of electrostatographic toner particles which involves the surface treatment of a pigment by depositing thereon a coating of a low melting point hydrophobic semi-crystalline polyester wax.

Abstract: A method is described for the preparation of electrostatographic toner particles which involves the surface treatment of a pigment by depositing thereon a coating of a low melting point wax. The method involves preparing a mixture of a wax solution and a pigment dispersion which is heated to a temperature sufficient to assure dissolution of wax and permitting the mixture to cool slowly to room temperature at which point a coating of wax is deposited upon the surface of the pigment. The wax coated pigment particles are then used as a component of the organic phase in a limited coalescence process.

Abstract: An electrophotographic element comprises a polyester-imide that includes a dioxy component and a dicarbonyl component, one of which components contains an aromatic tetracarbonyldiimide group, and has the formula ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 represents a tetravalent aromatic group having 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represents an alkylene group having 2 to about 12 carbon atoms, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 represent O or C.dbd.O; when L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are O, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 each independently represents an aromatic or aliphatic dicarbonyl group having about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms and Q represents an alkylenedioxy group having 2 to about 25 carbon atoms or ##STR2## wherein Ar.sup.2 represents a tetravalent aromatic group having 6 to about 20 carbon atoms that may be the same as or different from Ar.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently represents an alkylene group having 2 to about 12 carbon atoms; and L.sup.3 and L.sup.4 are O; or when L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are C.

Abstract: Pigmented toner particles are provided wherein, because of treatment with a surface modifier, an initially hydrophilic, sub-micron sized pigment is made hydrophobic. Toner particles are produced wherein the pigment is dispersed internally leaving surfaces substantially free from pigment.

Abstract: A method and composition for improving hole mobility in electrophotographic photoreceptors and other devices that comprises using certain polymers as binders.

Abstract: A photoelectrographic element comprising a conductive layer in electrical contact with an acid photogenerating layer which is (a) free of photopolymerizable materials and (b) comprises an electrically insulating binder and an acid photogenerator is disclosed in which the binder comprises a polymer having as a repeating unit thereof a moiety selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkylene group having 2, 4 or 6 carbon atoms and X represents an aromatic radical. A method of forming images with the element also is disclosed.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive, heat-fusible, encapsulated toner particles are provided which have very uniform size and physical characteristics. A method for making the particles is provided wherein a latex copolymer functions as a stabilizer controlling particle size of the core composition of the toner particles. The latex copolymer becomes the shell composition thereof. The particles are particularly useful in a process for transferring a toned image comprised of such particles from a photoconductor to a receiver.

Abstract: Pigmented toner particles are provided wherein, because of treatment with a surface modifier, an initially hydrophilic, sub-micron sized pigment is made hydrophobic. Toner particles are produced wherein the pigment is dispersed internally leaving surfaces substantially free from pigment.

Abstract: A photoelectrographic element comprising a conductive layer in electrical contact with an acid photogenerating layer which is (a) free of photopolymerizable materials and (b) comprises an electrically insulating binder and an acid photogenerator is disclosed in which the binder comprises a polymer having as a repeating unit thereof a moiety selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkylene group having 2, 4 or 6 carbon atoms and X represents an aromatic radical. A method of forming images with the element also is disclosed.

Abstract: A process is provided for providing a non-electrostatically transferred toned image. From the surface of an element, the image is thermally transferred by contact to the face of a thermoplastic film that is strippably laminated to a paper or like backing. The film is then positioned against a receiver with the toner image therebetween, and the resulting composite is subjected to two successive stages of compressive heating. The process is particularly well suited for producing high resolution images from very small particle size toner powder on rough paper.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive, heat-fusible, encapsulated toner particles are provided which have very uniform size and physical characteristics. A method for making the particles is provided wherein a latex copolymer functions as a stabilizer controlling particle size of the core composition of the toner particles. The latex copolymer becomes the shell composition thereof. The particles are particularly useful in a processe for transferring a toned image comprised of such particles from a photoconductor to a receiver.

Abstract: A method transferring dry toner particles from the surface of an element which has a surface layer comprising polyester or polycarbonate thermoplastic polymeric binder resin matrix to a receiver which comprises a substrate having a polymeric coating on a surface in which the polymeric coating comprises a blend of:(i) from about 40 to about 90 percent by weight based on the total weight of the blend of a thermoplstic addition polymer and(i) from about 10 to about 60 percent by weight based on the total weight of the blend of a thermoplastic addition polymer having a ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight in the range of from about 1:1 to 10:1.wherein the Tg of the thermoplastic addition polymers in the blend is less than approximately 10.degree. C.

Abstract: A method is provided for non-electrostatically transferring dry toner particles which comprise a toner binder and have a particle size of less than 8 micrometers from the surface of an element which has a surface layer comprising a film-forming, electrically insulating polyester or polycarbonate thermoplastic polymeric binder resin matrix and a surface energy of not greater than approximately 47 dynes/cm, preferably from about 40 to 45 dynes/cm, to a receiver which comprises a substrate having a coating of a thermoplastic addition polymer on a surface of the substrate in which the Tg of the polymer is less than approximately 10.degree. C. above the Tg of the toner binder and the surface energy of the thermoplastic polymer coating is approximately 38 to 43 dynes/cm by contacting the toner particles with the receiver which is heated to a temperature such that the temperature of the thermoplastic polymer coating on the receiver substrate during transfer is at least approximately 15.degree. C.

Abstract: A method is provided for non-electrostatically transferring dry toner particles which comprise a toner binder and have a particle size of less than 8 micrometers from the surface of an element which has a surface layer comprising a film-forming, electrically insulating polyester or polycarbonate thermoplastic polymeric binder resin matrix and a surface energy of not greater than approximately 47 dynes/cm, preferably from about 40 to 45 dynes/cm, to a receiver which comprises a substrate having a coating of a thermoplastic condensation polymer on a surface of the substrate in which the Tg of the polymer is less than approximately 10.degree. C. above the Tg of the toner binder and the surface energy of the thermoplastic polymer coating is approximately 38 to 43 dynes/cm by contacting the toner particles with the receiver which is heated to a temperature such that the temperature of the thermoplastic polymer coating on the receiver substrate during transfer is at least approximately 5.degree. C.