Patents by Inventor Ludwig A. Hartmann
Ludwig A. Hartmann has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 4578134Abstract: A process for the production of spunbonded webs by the aerodynamic drawing of filaments or filament rows which are drawn by means of air currents divided into component currents whereby the air current is divided into a conditioning current and a drawing current for the conduction and the drawing of the filaments or filament rows, and into a deposition zone current for the fixation of the web, which is deposited in random texture, in its transportation on the perforated collecting screen, and the deposition zone current being sucked off, together with the spinning space current, in a plurality of zones and being returned to the spinning room as a holding current. An additional spinning room current for balancing out the overall system is introduced into the spinning room. The conditioning current and the drawing current are introduced in solely added air mode and the depositing current and holding current are, respectively, within and without in mostly circulated air mode.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 1984Date of Patent: March 25, 1986Inventor: Ludwig Hartmann
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Patent number: 4496508Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing polypropylene spun-bonded fabrics, which method involves preparing a polypropylene melt at a temperature of about 240.degree. to 280.degree. C. and forming polypropylene filaments by extruding this melt through a spinning nozzle at an extrusion velocity of about 0.02 meter/second to 0.2 meter/second. The spinning nozzle, or spinneret, has holes with a diameter less than 0.8 millimeter. The filaments thus formed are subsequently quenched by transversely blowing air at a temperature between about 20.degree. to 40.degree. C. The filaments are also aerodynamically withdrawn by means sufficient to create a filament withdrawal velocity between about 20 meters/second and 60 meters/second. The ratio of the extrusion velocity to the withdrawal velocity (herein defined as the deformation ratio) is between about 1:200 and 1:1000. These aerodynamically withdrawn filaments are then deposited onto a moving porous support in order to form a continuous web.Type: GrantFiled: September 10, 1982Date of Patent: January 29, 1985Assignee: Firma Carl FreudenbergInventors: Ludwig Hartmann, Ivo Ruzek, Engelbert Locher
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Patent number: 4473696Abstract: A process for the synthesis of compounds which are known intermediates for the pyridyloxyphenoxy herbicides as well as intermediates used in the process. Propionaldehyde and an acrylic compound, two readily available starting materials, are reacted to form a 2-formylpentanoic compound which is cyclized to a dihydro pyridone which is then oxidized to the 2-hydroxy pyridine. The hydroxypyridine may be halogenated to a 2-halopyridine.Type: GrantFiled: October 7, 1982Date of Patent: September 25, 1984Assignee: ICI Americas Inc.Inventors: Ludwig A. Hartmann, John F. Stephen
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Patent number: 4414262Abstract: The present invention provides for a shaped body comprising a settable mineral material such as cement or gypsum with reinforcement fibers embedded therein. The reinforcement fibers, which are endless and consist of an organic polymer material, are processed as a nonwoven fabric characterized by a parallelized scatter texture.Type: GrantFiled: July 15, 1982Date of Patent: November 8, 1983Assignee: Firma Carl FreudenbergInventors: Ludwig Hartmann, Otto Ambros
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Patent number: 4413032Abstract: A surface treated, non-woven fabric covering for absorbent cellulose materials, and a method for its manufacture, wherein polymer fibers are coated with an effective amount of a wetting agent which can be chemisorbed on cellulose; the addition of the wetting agent taking place before extrusion in the spinning process, or at any point of manufacture including after the non-woven fabric covering has been finished; the wetting agent being, in the preferred embodiment, a cationic surfactant.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 1981Date of Patent: November 1, 1983Assignee: Carl FreudenbergInventors: Ludwig Hartmann, Ivo Ruzek
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Patent number: 4363845Abstract: Non-woven fabrics made from spun, synthetic polymer filaments and composed of several superposed layers of interbonded monofilaments and multifilament strands deposited in a tangled form; at least segments of the individual filaments of the multifilament strands being disposed parallel to one another with total or partial bonding together of the parallel filaments, and the individual filaments and the multifilament strands being bonded together at least at the points of their random crossings.Type: GrantFiled: April 8, 1981Date of Patent: December 14, 1982Assignee: Firma Carl FreudenbergInventor: Ludwig Hartmann
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Patent number: 4305986Abstract: Tufted carpeting having a prime, fabric backing, pile yarn on the front face of and anchored in said prime backing by a latex, a secondary backing covering the rear face of said prime backing and bonded thereto by the latex layer between said backings, said secondary backing being a non-woven fabric made of several, superposed layers of polyester and/or copolyester endless filaments or threads which are deposited in the layers in a tangled arrangement of individual filaments or threads and groups of two or more filaments or threads which lay in part parallel with each other, said filaments or threads being at least partly interbonded and laid in a crossed, parallel texture in the layers by heat and pressure or by a binder applied at spaced intervals, and the spacing between filaments and the applications of binder providing the secondary backing with an air permeability, measured at 0.5 mbar excess air pressure, of at least 120, preferably at least 500, dm.sup.3 m.sup.2 .multidot.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 1980Date of Patent: December 15, 1981Assignee: Carl FreudenbergInventors: Ludwig Hartmann, Ivo Ruzek
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Patent number: 4304234Abstract: Spun, non-woven fabrics from bonded polyolefin filaments deposited in a random fashion and comprising individual filaments and filament groups of at least two parallelized individual filaments, and at least a portion of the individual filaments and filament groups are modified by polar groups in ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide adducts, added in the nature of fibrillae on the filament or filament group surfaces or by surface treatment thereof with ethylene oxide adducts of propylene oxide block polymers with at least 20% by weight of ethylene oxide; and processes for the production of such spun, non-woven fabrics wherein the polyolefin filaments are extruded from a multiplicity of spinnerets, which are then deposited in random fashion as a mixed fleece of individual and groups of parallelized filaments and wherein, during or after extrusion, adducts of the propylene oxide and/or of the ethylene oxide are added to the filaments and/or filament groups, after which the mixed fleece thus produced is bonded bType: GrantFiled: March 31, 1980Date of Patent: December 8, 1981Assignee: Carl FreudenbergInventor: Ludwig Hartmann
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Patent number: 4280965Abstract: An improved process for preparing cyano substituted benzyl esters is disclosed. The process involves reacting an acid halide with an aldehyde and a water soluble cyanide in water in the presence of a tetraalkyl ammonium halide wherein each alkyl group contains from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms. The resulting benzyl esters are particularly useful as insecticides.Type: GrantFiled: April 21, 1980Date of Patent: July 28, 1981Assignee: ICI Americas Inc.Inventor: Ludwig A. Hartmann
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Patent number: 4210690Abstract: A spun nonwoven fabric of polyester filaments for use as backing for a deep-drawable tufted carpet, wherein the polyester filaments hve uniformly distributed therethrough about 0.1 to 1% by weight of a diol-modified copolyester containing units of at least two different doils. For example, polyethylene terephthalate granulate is mixed with polyethylene butylene terephthalate copolymer and spun into a nonwoven web which is calendered and then tufted to form a carpet which can be deep-drawn with a three-dimensional shape. If desired, polyethylene terephthalte-adipate copolymer fibers can be co-spun into the web as binding fibers.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1978Date of Patent: July 1, 1980Assignee: Firma Carl FreudenbergInventors: Ludwig Hartmann, Ivo Ruzek
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Patent number: 4172166Abstract: In a carpet capable of being shaped three-dimensionally particularly for use in automobiles, comprising a tufted spun nonwoven fabric backing of polyester reinforced by a binding-fiber content and provided with at least a single-layer back coating of an at least partly thermoplastic material, and tufting through said base, the improvement which comprises constructing the spun nonwoven fabric so that at a temperature of 127.degree. C. it has about 40 to 50%, and at a temperature of 157.degree. C. about 25 to 35%, of its tensile strength at 22.degree. C. and an elongation of about 65 to 100%, but at least a value of about 15 N per cm of width. Advantageously, the carpet includes a back coating of one layer of acrylic resin on the spun nonwoven fabric and a further layer of sintered polyethylene powder on top of the acrylic resin layer.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1978Date of Patent: October 23, 1979Assignee: Firma Carl FreudenbergInventors: Ludwig Hartmann, Ivo Ruzek
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Patent number: 4169176Abstract: In the manufacture of a shaped automobile carpet in which a spun nonwoven-fabric backing composed of two dissimilar types of polyester filaments is tufted, then provided on its back with a layer of a polymeric dispersion binder, and shaped in heated state, the improvement which comprises bonding to the underside of the carpet before shaping a spun nonwoven fabric having isotropic strength properties and a weight per unit area of about 20 to 60 g/m.sup.2. Advantageously, the spun nonwoven fabric is bonded to the underside by a layer of sintered polyethylene powder. Such carpet shows less spacing than heretofore between the tufts in critical zones of curvature.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1978Date of Patent: September 25, 1979Assignee: Firma Carl FreudenbergInventors: Ludwig Hartmann, Ivo Ruzek
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Patent number: 4156068Abstract: High molecular weight polyether-sulfones are prepared by reacting a 3,3',5,5'-tetraalkyl-4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl with 4,4'-dihalodiphenyl sulfone and from about 0 to 30 percent stoichiometric excess of an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate compound in the presence of a dipolar aprotic solvent. The polyethersulfone polymers and products made therefrom possess low density and high glass transition temperatures while maintaining good solvent resistance and good tensile, flexural, and hardness properties.Type: GrantFiled: May 17, 1978Date of Patent: May 22, 1979Assignee: ICI Americas Inc.Inventor: Ludwig A. Hartmann
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Patent number: 4153621Abstract: Glycidyl ethers prepared from the reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetraalkyl-4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl and halohydrin form upon curing resins having high heat distortion temperatures. The ethers have utility in the manufacture of powder coatings, adhesive compositions, laminates and molding compositions.Type: GrantFiled: September 1, 1977Date of Patent: May 8, 1979Assignee: ICI Americas Inc.Inventor: Ludwig A. Hartmann
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Patent number: 4100063Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning waste water wherein waste water is charged into an apparatus having a plurality of plates adapted for growing a biological mass thereon, and wherein the biological mass is removed by mechanical means in a predetermined period of time independent from the charging of the waste water into the apparatus, and the cleaned waste water is continuously discharged from the apparatus.Type: GrantFiled: May 6, 1976Date of Patent: July 11, 1978Assignee: Maschinenfabrik Hellmut GeigerInventor: Ludwig Hartmann
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Patent number: 4093763Abstract: Disclosed is a multiple-layered non-woven fabric particularly suited for use as backings for tufted carpets in view of its excellent strength and dimensional stability properties. The non-woven fabric is characterized by specifically defined strength parameters and by a graduaton of bonds throughout the thickness thereof, so that both surfaces differ from each other insofar as the degree of filament bonding is concerned.Type: GrantFiled: October 9, 1975Date of Patent: June 6, 1978Assignee: Lutravil Spinnvlies GmbH & Co.Inventors: Ludwig Hartmann, Paul F. Maahs, Luder Gerking, Ivo Ruzek, Eberhard Schafer
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Patent number: 4073802Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of 3-(4-lithiosulfophenoxy)-1,2-propanediol relatively free from inorganic impurities is represented wherein the subject material is made by reacting lithiosulfophenol with either glycerol monochlorhydrin or epichlorohydrin in aqueous solution in the presence of an alkaline calcium compound and thereafter purifying by removing the calcium sulfate and hydrochloric acid from the aqueous reaction media. The subject material can be obtained at purities of 98% in yields exceeding 70%.Type: GrantFiled: September 16, 1976Date of Patent: February 14, 1978Assignee: ICI Americas Inc.Inventors: Ludwig A. Hartmann, Richard L. West
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Patent number: 4072656Abstract: Glycidyl ethers prepared from the reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetraalkyl-4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl and halohydrin form upon curing resins having high heat distortion temperatures. The ethers have utility in the manufacture of powder coatings, adhesive compositions, laminates and molding compositions.Type: GrantFiled: May 24, 1976Date of Patent: February 7, 1978Assignee: ICI Americas Inc.Inventor: Ludwig A. Hartmann
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Patent number: 4060532Abstract: Halogenated dioxolane compounds having perhalogenated groups in the 2-position and other substituted groups, for example, carbamate and nitrate in the 4 and/or 5-position are disclosed. These compounds are useful as tranquilizers.Type: GrantFiled: March 28, 1972Date of Patent: November 29, 1977Assignee: ICI United States Inc.Inventor: Ludwig A. Hartmann
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Patent number: 3996376Abstract: Halogenated dioxolane compounds having perhalogenated groups in the 2-position and other substituted groups, for example, carbamate and nitrate in the 4 and/or 5-position are disclosed. These compounds are useful as tranquilizers.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 1975Date of Patent: December 7, 1976Assignee: ICI United States Inc.Inventor: Ludwig A. Hartmann