Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of or quantification of carbon black and/or black carbon in a sample or carrier medium. The method includes providing the sample or carrier medium without labelling or pre-treatment of the carbon black and/or black carbon particles; illuminating the sample or carrier medium at a temperature below 90° C. by a pulsed light with a pulse duration below 500 femtoseconds, a repetition rate above 1 MHz with an average power below 20 mW, and a wavelength of a femtosecond laser pulse ranging from 700 to 1200 nm, to generate non-incandescence related light emission from the carbon black and/or black carbon particles; and analysis of the light emission.

Abstract: Present invention concerns optical processing of materials comprising complex phase behaviour, such as perovskites for stabilizing the optically active phase of thin films of materials with complex phase behaviour, such as perovskites.

Abstract: The present invention is based on non-incandescence related emission generation by carbonaceous particles (e.g. carbon black (CB) and black carbon (BC) particles) under illumination with pulsed light. The pulse duration is sufficiently short to trigger an instantaneous sample response without emission of heat-induced sample incandescence. The unique property of the described emission by carbonaceous particles upon pulsed illumination allows label-free optical detection and localization of carbonaceous particles in fluids, cells and tissues of biological and carrier media of non-biological origin. A method for analysing carbonaceous particles in fluids, cells and tissues of biological and carrier media of non-biological origin is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an illumination system comprising radiation source that when operational emits radiation in wave length range below 280 nm to an emission element that comprises an assembly of oligo atomic metal clusters confined in molecular sieve for converting invisible radiation emitted by a radiation source at room temperature or an higher temperature to visible light and further a transparent envelope said illumination system.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an illumination system comprising radiation source that when operational emits radiation in wave length range below 280 nm to an emission element that comprises an assembly of oligo atomic metal clusters confined in molecular sieve for converting invisible radiation emitted by a radiation source at room temperature or an higher temperature to visible light and further a transparent envelope said illumination system.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a photovoltaic device comprising a wavelength conversion layer with an assembly of oligo atomic metal clusters confined in molecular sieve.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an electroluminescent device that comprises an anode and cathode separated by intermittent layers or crystal comprising an assembly of oligo atomic metal clusters confined in molecular sieve capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation of one or more colours when a voltage is applied over the device.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a data storage material that comprises an assembly of oligo atomic metal clusters confined in molecular sieve for converting invisible radiation emitted by a radiation source at or above room temperature to visible light. By irradiation of specific patterns within this material with UV or visible light, the emission from these patterns is irreversibly enhanced.