Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for utilizing user equipment (UE) detection of radio state conditions. For example, certain embodiments may detect and utilize knowledge of periodic line-of-sight (LOS)/non-LOS (NLOS) radio state changes to improve a network's handling of such radio states. In particular, a UE may be configured to observe LOS/NLOS radio state transitions over time. The UE may generate an estimate of when periodic radio state changes have occurred. The UE may report a prediction of a future LOS/NLOS radio state change based on the estimates of when the previous radio state changes have occurred. The predictions may be reported to the network as a measurement report.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for conditional hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK). For instance, a user equipment (UE) may estimate, during reception of a downlink transmission with x repetitions, an amount of extra energy that may be needed to help ensure successful decoding. The UE may then express this estimate as a quantity of repetitions (y) needed for successful reception, and may inform the radio access network (RAN) of this quantity (e.g., at least one round-trip time (RTT) before the last repetition of the x repetitions is sent). The RAN may handle this message as a conditional positive ACK. The RAN may send the quantity of repetitions y, and may implicitly assume an ACK for that TBS after sending the y repetitions. The RAN may send the next transport blocks (TBS) for that HARQ process after completing transmission of they repetitions.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising: receiving, from a network node, before entering a power saving state, an indication of a dependency between frequencies and time instances; identifying at least one frequency based on the indicated dependency and a moment of time; and selecting a cell utilizing the identified at least one frequency.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for user equipment (UE) power saving utilizing resource block (RB)-sets are provided.

Abstract: Techniques for paging user equipments (UEs) in a wireless communication network include clustering paging occasions of multiple UEs in a time domain on the network node side and broadcasting at least one reference signal from the network node for the UEs shortly before the clustered POs, thereby providing the power saving benefit for the UEs and without having to impose a much larger power consumption of the network node itself or cause the network node to be always on to broadcast the at least one reference signal. The at least one reference signal broadcasted may be based on SSBs, TRS and/or CSI-RS. Thus, the techniques allow the reference signals to be made available for the UEs in the RRCJDLE/RRCJN ACTIVE state too.

Abstract: A base station serving UE(s) receives validity time information for cell(s) formed by other base station(s). The validity time information indicates at least a time period when corresponding cells are available for use by the UE(s). The base station determines action(s) to perform for the UE(s) based on the validity time information. A UE receives, from a base station, validity time for cell(s) formed by other base station(s). The UE performs action(s) based on the validity time of the cell(s).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising selecting, based on one or more criteria, at least one offset value from a set of at least two pre-defined offset values, wherein the selected at least one offset value indicates a time offset between a paging early indication and a paging occasion; and transmitting, to at least one terminal device, the paging early indication on at least one time occasion indicated by the selected at least one offset value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising selecting, based on one or more criteria, at least one offset value from a set of at least two pre-defined offset values, wherein the selected at least one offset value indicates a time offset between a paging early indication and a paging occasion; and transmitting, to at least one terminal device, the paging early indication on at least one time occasion indicated by the selected at least one offset value.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for dynamic cell-specific delay for timing scaling in a non-terrestrial network (NTN). For example, certain embodiments may utilize a cell-common delay composed of FL and part of SL (until a cell-specific reference surface). A network node (e.g., a gNB) may calculate the cell-common delay as a function of time (T_c(t)) and may provide this function to the UEs (the satellite path may beis deterministic). The function of time may be a combination of two functions representing the FL and SL. The function can may be broadcasted in a system information block (SIB) or transmitted directly to the UE through radio resource control (RRC) signaling when it becomes active, is handed over, and/or regularly updated.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a client device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least ne processor, cause the client device to: detect need for random access, random access, in a non-terrestrial network to a target cell of the non-terrestrial network; identify whether the needed random access is intra-satellite or inter-satellite; in response to the needed random access being intra-satellite, perform a first random access procedure, wherein, in the first random access procedure, the client device transmits a random access preamble and a payload data in a single message; and in response to the needed random access being inter-satellite, perform a second random access procedure wherein, in the second random access procedure, the client device transmits a random access preamble and a payload data in separate messages.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising: monitoring at least one paging identifier in a first radio resource control state, in which first radio resource control state a radio resource configuration is maintained for the user equipment; transitioning from the first radio resource control state to a second radio resource control state; and monitoring at least two different paging identifiers in the second radio resource control state.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus, said apparatus comprising means for determining which of at least two lower layer radio units co-located at a first location, each lower layer radio unit associated with a higher layer radio unit, has a best path to the associated higher layer radio unit and causing the transmit power of the determined one of the at least two lower layer radio units received at a user equipment to be higher relative to the transmit power of any of the other of the at least two lower layer radio units received at the user equipment.

Abstract: A method may include sending, by a user equipment, a random access preamble message to a network element. The method may also include receiving an uplink grant in a random access response message in response to the random access preamble message. The method may further include adding an implicit timing advance offset to an uplink time domain resource allocation of the uplink grant to establish synchronization of radio transmissions between the user equipment and the network element. The method may also include transmitting a scheduled transmission message including the implicit timing advance offset to the network element. Further, the implicit timing advance offset may be added to the uplink time domain resource before the scheduled transmission message is transmitted.

Abstract: A terminal device, initially, maintains, in at least one memory, a configuration for a Radio Resource Control, RRC, inactive state. The configuration includes information on a radio access network notification area, RNA. The terminal device, then, acquires information on an expected latency of incoming RRC messages within the RNA. In response to triggering a RRC connection resume procedure, the terminal device performs the following: First, the terminal device transmits a RRC connection resume request to a target access node and starts a timer defined based on the expected latency. In response to the timer expiring, the terminal device initiates monitoring of incoming RRC messages. In response to receiving a RRC connection resume message, the terminal device initiates the RRC connected state.

Abstract: A method including receiving, at a user equipment, one or more location related information, where the location related information comprises information based upon location related to one or more satellite; determining, by the user equipment, timing advance, where the determining is at least partially based upon the location related information; determining, by the user equipment, to perform a preconfigured uplink resource transmission; and performing, based at least partially upon the determined timing advance, the preconfigured uplink resource transmission.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a client device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the client device to: receive a measurement configuration from a first network node device, receive a preconfigured condition for the measurement configuration from the first network node device, and in response to the preconfigured condition for the measurement configuration being fulfilled, use the measurement configuration. A client device, a network node device, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided controlling radio channel measurements on radio channels of different wireless networks. A wireless communication device performs first radio channel measurements on a first radio channel of a first wireless communication network and second radio channel measurements on at least one second radio channel of a second wireless communication network. It is determined, on the basis of the first radio channel measurements and the second radio channel measurements, a relationship between the first radio channel and the at least one second radio channel. Measurement activity of the at least one second radio channel is controlled on the basis of at least the determined relationship and the first radio channel measurements.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for configuring a retransmission in communications. In an aspect, a first device transmits, to a second device, a first indication of a plurality of candidate retransmission configurations. Each of the plurality of candidate retransmission configurations includes a transmission feedback configuration and/or a data retransmission configuration. The first device selects a target retransmission configuration from the plurality of candidate retransmission configurations. The first device transmits, to the second device, a second indication of the target retransmission configuration. The first device communicates with the second device using the target retransmission configuration. The example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a dynamical multi-level indication for a retransmission scheme.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for non-terrestrial networks. In some example embodiment, there may be provided a method including determining, based on position information, a country where the apparatus is located; receiving, from a non-terrestrial base station, a system information broadcast including mapping information, the mapping information including a country area identifier or a random access radio network temporary identifier; mapping the determined country into the received country area identifier or the received random access radio network temporary identifier; and performing, based on the received country area identifier or the received random access radio network temporary identifier, a random access procedure with the non-terrestrial base station.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: determine (602) at least one power setting adjustment for at least one terminal based on at least one gain setting adjustment for a satellite; and provide (604) the least one power setting adjustment for the at least one terminal to the at least one terminal.