Abstract: A shape measurement method for measuring a shape of an object to be measured, which has a substantially rotating symmetric shape, includes: placing an aperture having an opening larger than an outer shape of the object to be measured and the object to be measured on an optical axis; taking an image generated by light projected to the object to be measured, by using an image pickup unit; and calculating one cross-sectional shape of the object to be measured based on a light intensity distribution of the image taken by the image pickup unit.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a fabrication method for pattern-formed structure having a smooth three-dimensional structure through a fewer processes. To achieve the object, the present invention provides a fabrication method for pattern-formed structure comprising: a dot modulation pattern forming process of binarizing a shape of a targeted three-dimensional structure to form a dot modulation pattern, a writing process of using the dot modulation pattern to write directly by a writer on a photosensitive resin layer formed on a substrate, and a developing process of developing the photosensitive resin layer after the writing to form a resin layer with three-dimensional structure, wherein the writing process is performed by a writing energy supplying method in which writing energy is supplied to the photosensitive resin layer by an area larger than a minimum dot area in the dot modulation pattern.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device with high brightness and high display quality manufactured at low cost without causing the decrease in transmissivity.

Abstract: Chromaticity difference is decreased, which is caused by the difference of transmissivity when a light passes through a transparent conductive film to constitute pixels. Optical film thickness of each of transparent conductive films PXR, PXG, and PXB to constitute pixels (a product “nd” of refractive index “n” and film thickness “d”) is varied for each of color filters RF, GF, and BF for each pixel. The transparent conductive film is prepared by coating an ink (produced by dispersing fine particles of a transparent conductive film material such as ITO in a binder) via nozzle of an ink jet device, and then, by baking. Film thickness is controlled by the coating amount of the ink, and refractive index is controlled by volume ratio of the fine particles of conductive material to the binder contained in the transparent conductive film in consideration of those refractive indices.

Abstract: A multilayered substrate includes a first layer and at least one second layer laminated on one face of the first layer. A first component is mounted on the other face of the first layer. A second component is comprised of a pattern formed on at least one second layer, and electrically connected to the first component through a via hole.

Abstract: A low cost transflective type liquid crystal display is provided which can display a bright image with high contrast under both indoor and outdoor illumination environments. The liquid crystal display performing transmission type display and reflection type display, includes: a plurality of pixels surrounded on a substrate 10 by a plurality of gate electrodes 11 and a plurality of source electrodes 15 arranged perpendicularly to the gate electrodes; a switching element 19 arranged in each pixel and disposed neat at the intersection between each gate electrode and each source electrode; and a pixel electrode 16 connected to the switching element, wherein the pixel electrode is constituted of a transparent conductive layer and a conductive member 17 having a light reflection function and electrically connected to the transparent conductive layer.

Abstract: An insertion apparatus includes a tubular member equipped with a propulsion power generating portion, a rotating portion for rotating the tubular member around the longitudinal axis of the tubular member, a distal end which can be slidingly moved with respect to a rotation of the tubular member rotated by the rotating portion and is equipped with an observation portion for observing a body to be examined, and a propulsion power receiving portion for receiving propulsion power generated by the propulsion power generating portion equipped in the tubular member.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a solid-state image sensor capable of efficiently collecting a light beam when the central position of the light receiving element and the central position of the micro lens do not coincide with each other in the plan view owing to a plural pixel sharing structure.

Abstract: An insertion apparatus includes: an introducing duct including; insertion portion cover portion for covering an insertion portion extending from a distal side portion of a handling portion constituting an endoscope; and a spiral duct which is disposed on an inner circumferential surface side of the insertion portion cover portion, and has on a circumferential surface of the spiral duct, a propulsion power generating portion for applying a propulsion power for introducing the insertion portion into a deep portion in a body cavity, to the insertion portion covered by the insertion portion cover, and a rotating device comprising a rotating portion for rotating the spiral duct equipped to the introducing duct.

Abstract: An insertion apparatus includes: a tubular member equipped with a propulsion power generating portion; a rotating portion for rotating the tubular member provided with the propulsion power generating portion around the longitudinal axis of the tubular member; and a distal portion which is provided on a more distal side than the tubular member rotated by the rotating portion, is slidably provided to the tubular member, and is disposed with an observation portion for observing a body to be examined.

Abstract: A laser tracking interferometer; a carriage rotatable about a center of the reference sphere; a laser interferometer that provides a retroreflector displacement signal, and a displacement gage that provides a displacement signal. A data processing apparatus computes displacement of the retroreflector with respect to the reference sphere. A position sensitive detector provides a position signal corresponding to the amount of deviation of a laser beam when the laser beam is reflected off the retroreflector back into the laser interferometer and deviated in a direction orthogonal to its optical axis. A controller controls rotation of the carriage based on the position signal from the position detector so that the amount of deviation becomes zero.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical system that has superior optical characteristic and wear resistance and can be formed at low temperatures. An optical system 101 for adjusting visible light transmittance to have a desired value comprises fluoride 103, and at least part of the optical system has a crystal grain diameter of 3 nm to 10 nm. The fluoride 103 has a specific surface area of 1 m2/g to 5 m2/g.

Abstract: An optical waveguide capable of having various characteristics and a method of manufacture thereof as well as a method of manufacturing a crystal film are provided. An optical functional material KTaxNb1?xO3 is used as an optical waveguide. The input optical signal is transmitted to the KTaxNb1?xO3 film. The KTaxNb1?xO3 film undergoes changes in optical property when an external voltage signal is applied to the electrode. Therefore, as it passes through the KTaxNb1?xO3 film, the input optical signal is modulated by the characteristic change. The modulated optical signal is taken out as an output optical signal.

Abstract: A substrate with plane patterns formed in a liquid process wherein the plane patterns are formed based on a combination of plane shapes by which a difference in internal pressure of a solution between any two points of the solution is small, the solution being ejected onto the substrate so as to form the plane patterns by the liquid process.

Abstract: An optical waveguide capable of having various characteristics and a method of manufacture thereof as well as a method of manufacturing a crystal film are provided. An optical functional material KTaxNb1-xO3 is used as an optical waveguide. The input optical signal is transmitted to the KTaxNb1-xO3 film. The KTaxNb1-xO3 film undergoes changes in optical property when an external voltage signal is applied to the electrode. Therefore, as it passes through the KTaxNb1-xO3 film, the input optical signal is modulated by the characteristic change. The modulated optical signal is taken out as an output optical signal.

Abstract: An optical waveguide capable of having various characteristics and a method of manufacture thereof as well as a method of manufacturing a crystal film are provided. An optical functional material KTaxNb1-xO3 is used as an optical waveguide. The input optical signal is transmitted to the KTaxNb1-xO3 film. The KTaxNb1-xO3 film undergoes changes in optical property when an external voltage signal is applied to the electrode. Therefore, as it passes through the KTaxNb1-xO3 film, the input optical signal is modulated by the characteristic change. The modulated optical signal is taken out as an output optical signal.

Abstract: An optical waveguide capable of having various characteristics and a method of manufacture thereof as well as a method of manufacturing a crystal film are provided. An optical functional material KTaxNb1-xO3 is used as an optical waveguide. The input optical signal is transmitted to the KTaxNb1-xO3 film. The KTaxNb1-xO3 film undergoes changes in optical property when an external voltage signal-is applied to the electrode. Therefore, as it passes through the KTaxNb1-xO3 film, the input optical signal is modulated by the characteristic change. The modulated optical signal is taken out as an output optical signal.

Abstract: A reflector has a curved part covering the light source and a pair of end parts extending at the two sides of the curved part. The inside surface of each end part has a plurality of substantially parallel projections or depressions. The light-guiding plate has an incident surface and an emission surface substantially perpendicular to the incident surface, the incident surface having a plurality of projections or depressions extending substantially parallel to the emission surface. Also, the reflection surface of the light-guiding plate has projections.

Abstract: A low cost transflective type liquid crystal display is provided which can display a bright image with high contrast under both indoor and outdoor illumination environments. The liquid crystal display performing transmission type display and reflection type display, includes: a plurality of pixels surrounded on a substrate 10 by a plurality of gate electrodes 11 and a plurality of source electrodes 15 arranged perpendicularly to the gate electrodes; a switching element 19 arranged in each pixel and disposed neat at the intersection between each gate electrode and each source electrode; and a pixel electrode 16 connected to the switching element, wherein the pixel electrode is constituted of a transparent conductive layer and a conductive member 17 having a light reflection function and electrically connected to the transparent conductive layer.

Abstract: A glass substrate package (1) in which a glass substrate (2) is packed and sealed is prepared by folding a film such as a PET film (3) which does not dirty surfaces of the glass substrate (2), inserting the glass substrate (2) into the folded portion of the PET film (3), and heat sealing three sides of the folded portion of the PET film while squeezing the air out of the folded portion so that heat-sealed portions (4) and (5) are formed. The package achieves high efficiency in transportation and storage of glass substrates (specifically, glass substrates to be used for LCDs etc.), and concurrently eliminates the need for a chemical washing process which is carried out after unpacking and before processing of each glass substrate and which uses special detergents.