Abstract: A glass substrate package (1) in which a glass substrate (2) is packed and sealed is prepared by folding a film such as a PET film (3) which does not dirty surfaces of the glass substrate (2), inserting the glass substrate (2) into the folded portion of the PET film (3), and heat sealing three sides of the folded portion of the PET film while squeezing the air out of the folded portion so that heat-sealed portions (4) and (5) are formed. The package achieves high efficiency in transportation and storage of glass substrates (specifically, glass substrates to be used for LCDs etc.), and concurrently eliminates the need for a chemical washing process which is carried out after unpacking and before processing of each glass substrate and which uses special detergents.

Abstract: A reflector has a curved part covering the light source and a pair of end parts extending at the two sides of the curved part. The inside surface of each end part has a plurality of substantially parallel projections or depressions. The light-guiding plate has an incident surface and an emission surface substantially perpendicular to the incident surface, the incident surface having a plurality of projections or depressions extending substantially parallel to the emission surface. Also, the reflection surface of the light-guiding plate has projections.

Abstract: A reflector has a curved part covering the light source and a pair of end parts extending at the two sides of the curved part. The inside surface of each end part has a plurality of substantially parallel projections or depressions. The light-guiding plate has an incident surface and an emission surface substantially perpendicular to the incident surface, the incident surface having a plurality of projections or depressions extending substantially parallel to the emission surface. Also, the reflection surface of the light-guiding plate has projections.

Abstract: A reflector has a curved part covering the light source and a pair of end parts extending at the two sides of the curved part. The inside surface of each end part has a plurality of substantially parallel projections or depressions. The light-guiding plate has an incident surface and an emission surface substantially perpendicular to the incident surface, the incident surface having a plurality of projections or depressions extending substantially parallel to the emission surface. Also, the reflection surface of the light-guiding plate has projections.

Abstract: The comb like electrodes to drive the orientation of the liquid crystal through the lateral electric field in the IPS (In plane Switching) LCD panel has a construction that the comb like electrodes are optically reflective, are projections in the gap area and have curved surfaces in the cross section of the electors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an information processing system, information communication terminal and method, information processing apparatus and method, recording medium, and program capable of enabling safer electronic commercial transactions in a straightforward manner. A point-of-purchase server 21 generates purchasing information using a card Identification number allotted to a non-contact IC-card of a mobile telephone 11. A point-of-receipt server 31 acquires this purchasing information and confirms the card identification number allotted to the non-contact IC card of the mobile telephone 11 and a purchasing card identification number. The authentication server 41 calculates user trustworthiness and store trustworthiness based on temporary commercial transaction information stored in the non-contact IC card of the mobile telephone 11.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device comprises first and second light sources, a light guide plate, and a liquid crystal unit. The first light source is disposed on one of two opposing side surfaces of the light guide plate. The second light source is disposed on the other of the two opposing side surfaces of the light guide plate. A first plurality of substantially parallel grooves are formed in a first surface of the light guide plate which is substantially parallel with a display surface of the liquid crystal unit. A second plurality of substantially parallel grooves are formed in a second surface opposing the first surface of the light guide plate. At least one of a dimension and density of the first plurality of grooves substantially monotonically changes from one in the vicinity of one of the light sources to one in the vicinity of the other of the light sources.

Abstract: An optical waveguide capable of having various characteristics and a method of manufacture thereof as well as a method of manufacturing a crystal film are provided. An optical functional material KTaxNb1-xO3 is used as an optical waveguide. The input optical signal is transmitted to the KTaxNb1-xO3 film. The KTaxNb1-xO3 film undergoes changes in optical property when an external voltage signal is applied to the electrode. Therefore, as it passes through the KTaxNb1-xO3 film, the input optical signal is modulated by the characteristic change. The modulated optical signal is taken out as an output optical signal.

Abstract: An interferometer includes a waveguide core, and thin film heaters with widths W1 and W2. The thin film heaters are mounted directly above the waveguide core, and operate as two types of different annealing regions. The annealing, which is carried out by supplying current to the thin film heaters, can alter the quality of the cladding, and change the stress applied on the waveguide core, thereby making it possible to control the polarization dependency. Thus changing the width of the thin film heaters and/or the amount of the supply current thereto enables the permanent control of the effective refractive index (birefringence index) independently in the transverse electric polarization mode and the transverse magnetic polarization mode. This enables the transverse electric polarization mode to be adjusted to a phase difference of &lgr;/2, and the transverse magnetic polarization mode to a phase difference of zero.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display apparatus with pixels includes a first electrode substrate, a second electrode substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The first electrode substrate includes a polymer layer having plural protrusions or depressions arranged randomly formed on a glass substrate, and a reflective layer, color filters, transparent electrodes, and an alignment layer formed and laminated sequentially on the polymer layer. The second electrode substrate, includes transparent electrodes and an alignment layer formed and laminated on a glass substrate, and arranged so that the alignment layer faces the alignment layer on the first electrode substrate. The liquid crystal layer is formed by filling a liquid crystal composition into an interval between the first and second electrode substrates. Portions of the reflective layer corresponding to the portions of each pixel other than apertures of each pixel are colored black.

Abstract: A wavelength converter implements high speed, high efficiency, low noise wavelength conversion without performing high voltage poling of a crystal, and enables switching and modulation of converted light in response to an electric field. A KLTN crystal, includes a deposited-gold electrode within its incidence plane, and is connected to a DC power supply via a copper wire. The crystal material is composed of KTa1-xNbxO3 and/or K1-yLiyTa1-xNbxO3. A polarizer controls the polarization of the fundamental wave in the direction parallel to the electric field, and launches it into the electrode of the KLTN crystal. The KLTN crystal, rotating on an axis in the direction of the electric field, launches only part of the generated SHG light with the same polarization direction as that of the incident light into a photo multiplier tube through a polarizer.

Abstract: An optical waveguide capable of having various characteristics and a method of manufacture thereof as well as a method of manufacturing a crystal film are provided. An optical functional material KTaxNb1-xO3 is used as an optical waveguide. The input optical signal is transmitted to the KTaxNb1-xO3 film. The KTaxNb1-xO3 film undergoes changes in optical property when an external voltage signal is applied to the electrode. Therefore, as it passes through the KTaxNb1-xO3 film, the input optical signal is modulated by the characteristic change. The modulated optical signal is taken out as an output optical signal.

Abstract: A reflector has a curved part covering the light source and a pair of end parts extending at the two sides of the curved part. The inside surface of each end part has a plurality of substantially parallel projections or depressions. The light-guiding plate has an incident surface and an emission surface substantially perpendicular to the incident surface, the incident surface having a plurality of projections or depressions extending substantially parallel to the emission surface. Also, the reflection surface of the light-guiding plate has projections.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus which has a large pixel aperture ratio, a high luminance and good yield without causing any signal delay on wiring or increasing any driving voltage. In a structure in which a capacity is formed on a superimposed part of a common signal electrode CE and at least one of a data signal wiring DL and a scanning signal wiring GL via an interlayer insulating film PAS, of insulating films included in the interlayer insulating film PAS, at least a layer OIL1 is selectively formed at least on a part of a region on a pixel electrode PX.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device comprises first and second light sources, a light guide plate, and a liquid crystal unit. The first light source is disposed on one of two opposing side surfaces of the light guide plate. The second light source is disposed on the other of the two opposing side surfaces of the light guide plate. A first plurality of substantially parallel grooves are formed in a first surface of the light guide plate which is substantially parallel with a display surface of the liquid crystal unit. A second plurality of substantially parallel grooves are formed in a second surface opposing the first surface of the light guide plate. At least one of a dimension and density of the first plurality of grooves substantially monotonically changes from one in the vicinity of one of the light sources to one in the vicinity of the other of the light sources.

Abstract: When reflection type liquid crystal display devices of different specifications of which pixel pitches or the like are different are produced, commonality of photo masks for at least one photo mask is provided to reduce production costs for producing reflection type liquid crystal display devices having different pixel pitches. In the reflection type liquid crystal display device, an island pattern is formed in matrix form in the same layer as a semiconductor layer of a thin film transistor. A specific regularity is provided in which a pitch of the island pattern in an extending direction of an image signal line is different from a pitch of pixel electrodes neighboring in the extending direction of the image signal line, and the pitch of the island pattern in the extending direction of a scan signal line is different from the pitch neighboring in the extending direction of the scan signal line.

Abstract: When reflection type liquid crystal display devices of different specifications of which pixel pitches or the like are different are produced, commonality of photo masks for at least one photo mask is provided to reduce production costs for producing reflection type liquid crystal display devices having different pixel pitches. In the reflection type liquid crystal display device, an island pattern is formed in matrix form in the same layer as a semiconductor layer of a thin film transistor. A specific regularity is provided in which a pitch of the island pattern in an extending direction of an image signal line is different from a pitch of pixel electrodes neighboring in the extending direction of the image signal line, and the pitch of the island pattern in the extending direction of a scan signal line is different from the pitch neighboring in the extending direction of the scan signal line.

Abstract: An optical waveguide capable of having various characteristics and a method of manufacture thereof as well as a method of manufacturing a crystal film are provided. An optical functional material KTaxNb1−xO3 is used as an optical waveguide. The input optical signal is transmitted to the KTaxNb1−xO3 film. The KTaxNb1−xO3 film undergoes changes in optical property when an external voltage signal is applied to the electrode. Therefore, as it passes through the KTaxNb1−xO3 film, the input optical signal is modulated by the characteristic change. The modulated optical signal is taken out as an output optical signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical system that has superior optical characteristic and wear resistance and can be formed at low temperatures. An optical system 101 for adjusting visible light transmittance to have a desired value comprises fluoride 103, and at least part of the optical system has a crystal grain diameter of 3 nm to 10 nm. The fluoride 103 has a specific surface area of 1 m2/g to 5 m2/g.

Abstract: Focusing on the application of a predetermined relationship between the length of a fatigue damage detection sensor having a width of a specified shape and a required sensitivity or sensing accuracy (crack propagation rate), the present invention provides a fatigue damage detection sensor for structural materials and mounting method thereof, wherein when the length between a pair of fixing portions for fixing to a surface of a structural material M, both ends of a sensor body (2) sandwiching a notched portion (5) is defined as 2H, the length of a crack C that can propagate from a tip (5A) of the notched portion (5) is defined as (a), the number of times that a working load acts on the material is defined as N, and the crack propagation rate is defined as da/dN, the length 2H between said fixing portions is set so as to obtain a required sensitivity with which da/dN is proportional to H0.5m (m is a constant determined by a material).