Abstract: A tank (10) of a ship (1) is provided with an inflow port (6) and an outflow port (7) opening through a bottom of the ship (13). The inflow and outflow ports are spaced apart from each other in a headway direction of the hull. The ports are equipped with closure means (9), which closes the ports so as to ensure hull buoyancy by means of air in the tank. The ports allow seawater outside the ship to flow into the tank through the inflow port and the seawater in the tank to flow out of the ship through the outflow port, with use of headway motion of the ship. A partition (2) provides a weir extending in a widthwise direction of the hull in the tank, and divides a region in the tank into an inflow area (3) and an outflow area (4). The tank, partition, inflow port, outflow port and closure means constitute a ship buoyancy control system.

Abstract: The continuous heat treatment furnace of the present invention is provided with at least one drying and binder-removing area where drying of the objects to be thermally treated and/or removal of binder are carried out and a firing area where the objects to be thermally treated is fired in succession from inlet side towards outlet side of the furnace, the objects to be thermally treated being subjected to drying and/or removal of binder while being transported through the drying and binder-removing area and thereafter being fired while being transported through the firing area, wherein the heat treatment furnace has at least two transporting mechanisms disposed along the transporting direction of the objects to be thermally treated as transporting mechanisms for transporting the objects to be thermally treated, the objects to be thermally treated are transported by different transporting mechanisms in the drying and binder-removing area and the firing area, respectively, and the transporting speed of each tran

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetron sputtering method and a magnetron sputtering apparatus that can significantly reduce a non-erosion region causing an abnormal electrical discharge on a surface of a target and deposition of target materials. A plurality of targets 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D are disposed in a vacuum atmosphere while being electrically independent to each other; and sputtering is performed by generating magnetron discharge in the vicinity of the targets 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D. During the sputtering, voltages having a phase difference of 180 degrees are alternately applied to the adjacent targets 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D at a predetermined timing.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display panel, connecting wires, having a two-layer structure formed of an indium-tin oxide (ITO) layer and a low-reflection metal layer each, are formed in a image non-display section on an upper substrate, while a shielding layer is formed in the image non-display section on a lower substrate. The gap between the upper and lower substrates is made uniform in both an image display section and the image non-display section by adjusting the thickness of the shielding layer relatively to that of the color filter layer formed in the image display section on the lower substrate or by adjusting the diameter of spacers arranged in the image non-display section relatively to that of spacers arranged in the image display section.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal display panel (10) including a liquid crystal layer (3) sandwiched between a first substrate (1) and a second substrate (2) having transparent electrodes (5, 6) on inner surfaces opposing to each other, the film thickness of at least one of the transparent electrodes (5, 6) formed on the first and second substrates (1, 2) is set so that light passing through the transparent electrode and exhibiting a maximum transmittance has a color within either a region defined by an x value of 0.22 to 0.28 and a y value of 0.21 to 0.31 or a region defined by an x value of 0.28 to 0.34 and a y value of 0.22 to 0.35 in a chromaticity diagram of a CIE 1931 color system using a white light source. This reduces coloring irregularities due to a film thickness error caused during manufacturing of the transparent electrodes to enable performance of uniform display.

Abstract: The continuous heat treatment furnace of the present invention is provided with at least one drying and binder-removing area where drying of the objects to be thermally treated and/or removal of binder are carried out and a firing area where the objects to be thermally treated is fired in succession from inlet side towards outlet side of the furnace, the objects to be thermally treated being subjected to drying and/or removal of binder while being transported through the drying and binder-removing area and thereafter being fired while being transported through the firing area, wherein the heat treatment furnace has at least two transporting mechanisms disposed along the transporting direction of the objects to be thermally treated as transporting mechanisms for transporting the objects to be thermally treated, the objects to be thermally treated are transported by different transporting mechanisms in the drying and binder-removing area and the firing area, respectively, and the transporting speed of each tran

Abstract: When forming an L2VPN, each VPN server is required to decrypt data received from a VPN client using the source VPN client key and encrypt the data using the destination VPN client key. The loads of the encrypting and decrypting processings are high, thereby the VPN server through-put is lowered. In order to solve the above problem, according to the present invention, the destination address of an IP packet sent from the VPN client is used as a multicast address, then data is encrypted according to the security association of the multicast address distributed from the VPN server. The encrypted IP packet is encapsulated with the IP address of the VPN server and sent to the VPN server. Receiving this IP packet, the VPN server determines the destination VPN client according to the multicast address of the encapsulated IP packet, then encapsulated with the IP address of the destination VPN client and sent to the VPN client.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprises a top polarizer 11, an optical compensating element, an anisotropic scattering layer 10, a scattering layer 7, and a liquid crystal device 20 incorporating therein a reflective layer 9. When the direction of viewing direction of the anisotropic scattering layer is designated as the Y-axis direction, and a direction oriented substantially at right angles to the Y-axis direction is designated as the X-axis direction, light entering the anisotropic scattering layer is scattered over a wider angle along the Y-axis direction than along the X-axis direction. Further, the incident angle dependence of the straight-go transmittance of the anisotropic scattering layer is symmetrical about the layer normal, and the straight-go transmittance in the layer normal direction is lower than the straight-go transmittance in any oblique direction.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal display panel (10) including a liquid crystal layer (3) sandwiched between a first substrate (1) and a second substrate (2) having transparent electrodes (5, 6) on inner surfaces opposing to each other, the film thickness of at least one of the transparent electrodes (5, 6) formed on the first and second substrates (1, 2) is set so that light passing through the transparent electrode and exhibiting a maximum transmittance has a color within either a region defined by an x value of 0.22 to 0.28 and a y value of 0.21 to 0.31 or a region defined by an x value of 0.28 to 0.34 and a y value of 0.22 to 0.35 in a chromaticity diagram of a CIE 1931 color system using a white light source. This reduces coloring irregularities due to a film thickness error caused during manufacturing of the transparent electrodes to enable performance of uniform display.

Abstract: A transportation management supporting system includes following a database and sections. A transportation managing DB stores distribution data related to physical distribution. A distribution cost calculating section calculates a distribution cost result data indicating a result of a physical distribution cost. A distribution simulation section estimates a first reduction rate for the cost reduction measures. An emission material calculating section calculates an emission material result data indicating a result of an emission material emitting quantity. An emission material simulation section estimates a second reduction rate for the emission material reduction measures. The distribution simulation section estimates a third reduction rate for the emission material reduction measures, and outputs the first and third reduction rate. The emission material simulation section estimates a fourth reduction rate for the cost reduction measures, and outputs the second and fourth reduction rate.

Abstract: A metal film is laminated on a glass substrate and a photosensitive resin film is coated on the metal film. The metal film and the photosensitive resin film are selectively removed by means of exposure and development in the area that turns into a transmission area in each pixel that is a unit displaying colors such as red, green, and blue. Thus, a reflection layer and an adjustment layer are left intact in a reflection area of each pixel. Color filters are formed on both the transmission area and the adjustment film. The total thickness of the reflection layer and the adjustment film is controlled to be about the half of the thickness of the color filters in the transmission area.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display panel, connecting wires, having a two-layer structure formed of an indium-tin oxide (ITO) layer and a low-reflection metal layer each, are formed in a image non-display section on an upper substrate, while a shielding layer is formed in the image non-display section on a lower substrate. The gap between the upper and lower substrates is made uniform in both an image display section and the image non-display section by adjusting the thickness of the shielding layer relatively to that of the color filter layer formed in the image display section on the lower substrate or by adjusting the diameter of spacers arranged in the image non-display section relatively to that of spacers arranged in the image display section.

Abstract: A TN liquid crystal cell constituted by sandwiching a nematic liquid crystal which is aligned at a twist angle of about 90° between a first and a second transparent substrate each of which has transparent electrodes is used, an absorption-type polarizing film is provided on the outside, which is the visible side, of the second substrate, and a reflection-type polarizing film, a scattering layer, and a mirror reflector are provided in order on the outside, which is the opposite side to the visible side of the TN liquid crystal cell, of the first substrate, thereby constituting a liquid crystal display device for performing a reflection display of information of character and image in an achromatic metallic tone within a bright diffused white background.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device, employing a single polarizing film comprises a liquid crystal element (20) comprised of a twist aligned nematic liquid crystal layer (6) sandwiched between a first substrate (1) thereof, provided with a reflector (7) and first electrodes (3) and a second substrate (2) thereof, provided with second electrodes (4), a twisted retardation film (12) deposited on the outer side (the visible side) of the second substrate (2) of the liquid crystal element (20), further a retardation film (13), and a polarizing film (11) which are sequentially deposited in that order on the outer side of the retardation film (12). As a result, reflective display bright and in high contrast can be effected.

Abstract: A method of loading containers in an optimum way on a load-carrying platform of a vehicle calculates moment weight Wi·i which is multiplication of total weight W1 of containers in each row distant forward by i rows from the platform center by i; calculating moment weight W−i·i which is multiplication of total weight W−i of containers in each row distant rearward by i rows from the platform center by i; calculating the bias load ratio in the traveling direction, which is the ratio of the difference |&Sgr;Wi·i−&Sgr;W−1·i| between the total &Sgr;Wi·i of moment weights of rows located forward of the platform center C and the total &Sgr;W−1·i of moment weights of rows located rearward of the platform center C relative to the sum of same (&Sgr;Wi·i+&Sgr;W−i·i); similarly calculating the bias load ratio in the breadth direction; and loading the containers such that the calculated bias load ratio in the trav

Abstract: A metal film is laminated on a glass substrate and a photosensitive resin film is coated on the metal film. The metal film and the photosensitive resin film are selectively removed by means of exposure and development in the area that turns into a transmission area in each pixel that is a unit displaying colors such as red, green, and blue. Thus, a reflection layer and an adjustment layer are left intact in a reflection area of each pixel. Color filters are formed on both the transmission area and the adjustment film. The total thickness of the reflection layer and the adjustment film is controlled to be about the half of the thickness of the color filters in the transmission area.

Abstract: A method for selecting a container model for component parts capable of selecting the most profitable, optimum container model for component parts such as vehicle component parts is provided. After calculating the total expenses of all different container models, the method selects the most inexpensive, optimum container model by comparing the total expenses in predetermined years thus calculated with each other and with the total expense in predetermined years of a disposable container.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biodegradable composition characterized by compounding yeast (A) and biodegradable plastic (B) at a particular proportion. The purpose is to provide a biodegradable composition having very good biodegradability and additional fertilizer effect, making good use of the characteristics of yeast.

Abstract: In a non-destructive inspection device of the present invention which detects in a non-destructive manner a defect of a member to be inspected, based on a change in magnetic fluxes due to eddy currents that are generated by an inspection probe having a coil, a driving section which adjusts a position of the inspection probe, and measuring device for, based on a detection signal of the inspection probe, measuring a lift-off between the inspection probe and the member to be inspected are disposed. The driving section is controlled in accordance with a result of measurement of the measuring device, whereby a control of making the lift-off constant is performed.

Abstract: With a liquid crystal display device comprising an STN liquid crystal element (20) comprised of 200° to 260° twist aligned nematic liquid crystal (6) sandwiched between a first substrate (1) thereof, provided with a reflector (7) and first electrodes (3), and a second substrate (2) thereof, provided with second electrodes (4), a retardation film (12), and a polarizing film 11 that are disposed on the outer side of the second substrate (2) of the STN liquid crystal element, black display of low reflectance can be obtained_in all wavelength regions, thereby enabling bright display in high contrast to be effected by setting a &Dgr;nd value of the STN liquid crystal element 20 indicating a birefringent tendency thereof in a range of 0.7 to 0.8 &mgr;m, a retardation value indicating a birefringent tendency of the retardation film (12) in a range of 0.35 to 0.