Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes an illuminating section capable of irradiating a subject with a light in a first wavelength band and light in a second wavelength band, an image processing section including a color filter configured by a plurality of filters, the image processing section generating, from two image pickup signals respectively generated in a first pixel and a second pixel that respectively receive light in a predetermined wavelength band and light in a wavelength band different from the predetermined wavelength band among return lights from the subject, first and second image signals, a control section that determines whether the two image pickup signals can be separated into the first and second image signals, and an illumination control section that performs irradiation in a time division manner or simultaneous irradiation according to a determination result whether the separation is possible or not.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a light source device, an image pickup device, and an observation monitor. The video processor applies, on the basis of a difference between a first image signal having a peak wavelength of a spectral characteristic and a second image signal having a peak wavelength of the spectral characteristic that a value in the absorption characteristic is lower than the value in the absorption characteristic of the first image signal and a scattering characteristic of the living tissue is suppressed more than the scattering characteristic of the first image signal between a wavelength band including a maximum value and a wavelength band at a minimum value in an absorption characteristic of a living tissue, processing for enhancing the first image signal and generates an enhanced and corrected image signal.

Abstract: A heavy duty pneumatic tire includes a tread portion provided with circumferentially extending zigzag shaped main grooves, a plurality of land portions separated by the main grooves, and a plurality of lateral grooves to form a plurality of block elements on each land portion. Each land portion comprises a number of pitches in a range of from 40 to 50, wherein each pitch consists of one block element and one lateral groove adjacent to the concerned block element. Each block element has a length in a range of from 85% to 95% of a length of the pitch. The main grooves include a crown main groove, a shoulder main groove, and a middle main groove. The middle main groove has a zigzag amplitude larger than those of the crown main groove and the shoulder main groove.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a body and a hard coating layer coating the cutting tool body. In the surface-coated cutting tool, the (Ti1-XAlX)(CYN1-Y) layer with a cubic crystal structure (X and Y are atomic ratio, and satisfy 0.600?X?0.90 and 0.0005?Y?0.005, respectively) is vapor-deposited on the body by a chemical vapor deposition method. The Al content XL is 0.55?XL?0.70, and the grain size DL is 0.1 ?m or less in the (Ti1-XAlX)(CYN1-Y) layer near the interface between the body and the complex carbonitride layer. The Al content XH 0.80?XH?0.95 and the average grain size DH is 0.5 ?m to 2 ?m in the (Ti1-XAlX)(CYN1-Y) layer near the outer surface side. Furthermore, the Al content ratio and the grain size in the (Ti1-XAlX)(CYN1-Y) layer gradually increase to the outer surface side.

Abstract: A method for endoscopic treatment that performs treatment on a subject under an endoscope includes irradiating the subject with white light, performing predetermined treatment on a living tissue of the subject after irradiation with the white light, and switching from irradiation with the white light to irradiation of the subject with narrow band light having a predetermined peak wavelength according to a condition of bleeding from the living tissue in the predetermined treatment.

Abstract: A method for endoscopic treatment that performs treatment on a subject under an endoscope includes irradiating the subject with white light, switching, after irradiation with the white light, to irradiation of a living tissue of the subject with band-limited light having a predetermined peak wavelength, and administering medicine to the subject after irradiation with the band-limited light.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes: a light source device radiating at least one or more illumination lights having a predetermined wavelength band to a subject; a CCD picking up an image of a return light from the subject based on radiation of the illumination light from the light source device; an image processing section outputting a first image signal of a first wavelength band having a peak wavelength of spectral characteristic, between a wavelength band including a maximum value and a wavelength band at a minimum value with regard to an absorption characteristic of living tissue, after image pickup by the CCD; and an observation monitor performing image display on the basis of the first image signal.

Abstract: A method for endoscopic treatment that performs treatment under an endoscope includes irradiating a subject with first narrow band light having a predetermined peak wavelength, performing mucosal incision on a living tissue after irradiation with the first narrow band light, radiating second narrow band light having a peak wavelength in spectral characteristics in a wavelength band closer to a long wavelength side than the first narrow band light after the mucosal incision, and performing treatment other than the mucosal incision on the living tissue after radiation of the second narrow band light.

Abstract: An endoscopic apparatus according to the invention has an illumination unit capable of emitting to a subject first narrow band light having a wavelength band in a blue region and second narrow band light having a wavelength band in a green region, an image pickup unit which picks up a first subject image when the subject in the living body is illuminated with the first narrow band light, and picks up a second subject image when the subject in the living body is illuminated with the second narrow band light, a storage unit which stores the first subject image as a green component and a blue component, and stores the second subject image as a red component and a blue component, and a color tone conversion unit which performs predetermined color conversion processing to form an image of a predetermined object as an image having a predetermined first color.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes: a light source device radiating at least one or more illumination lights having a predetermined wavelength band to a subject; a CCD picking up an image of a return light from the subject based on radiation of the illumination light from the light source device; an image processing section outputting a first image signal of a first wavelength band having a peak wavelength of spectral characteristic, between a wavelength band including a maximum value and a wavelength band at a minimum value with regard to an absorption characteristic of living tissue, after image pickup by the CCD; and an observation monitor performing image display on the basis of the first image signal.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes an illuminating section capable of irradiating a subject with a light in a first wavelength band and light in a second wavelength band, an image processing section including a color filter configured by a plurality of filters, the image processing section generating, from two image pickup signals respectively generated in a first pixel and a second pixel that respectively receive light in a predetermined wavelength band and light in a wavelength band different from the predetermined wavelength band among return lights from the subject, first and second image signals, a control section that determines whether the two image pickup signals can be separated into the first and second image signals, and an illumination control section that performs irradiation in a time division manner or simultaneous irradiation according to a determination result whether the separation is possible or not.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes a light source device, a CCD, a video processor, and an observation monitor, wherein the video processor includes: a band decomposition processing section that performs a decomposition processing for decomposing into a plurality of spatial frequency bands on a signal of an image picked up by the CCD, to generate a plurality of band images; an enhancement processing section that performs an enhancement processing on selected band images based on an enhancement amount set for a region where an observation target in a subject is distributed in a feature space formed with wavelength bands or spatial frequency bands of the band images selected among the plurality of band images as axes; and an image generation section that integrates the plurality of band images subjected to the color conversion processing, for each wavelength image, to generate an image.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a light source apparatus, and a light-adjusting circuit. The light-adjusting circuit, based on a first image signal with a first wavelength band having a peak wavelength of a spectral characteristic and a second image signal with a second wavelength band having a peak wavelength of a spectral characteristic providing a value lower than that of the first image signal in the absorption characteristic and providing a suppressed scattering characteristic of the body tissue between a wavelength band providing a maximal value and a wavelength band for a minimal value in an absorption characteristic of a body tissue of a subject, provides a weight larger than that of the second image signal to the first image signal to calculate a light adjustment signal for adjusting a light amount in a light source apparatus and outputs the light adjustment signal.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a tool substrate made of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride-based cermet; and a hard coating layer formed by vapor-depositing in order, a lower layer (a), an intermediate layer (b), and an upper layer (c) on the tool substrate. The lower layer (a) is a Ti layer composed of one or more of a titanium carbide layer, a titanium nitride layer, a titanium carbonitride layer, a titanium carboxide layer, and a titanium oxycarbonitride layer, and having a thickness of 3 to 20 ?m. The intermediate layer (b) is an aluminum oxide layer having a thickness of 1 to 5 ?m, and having an ?-type crystal structure in a chemically vapor-deposited state. The upper layer (c) is an aluminum oxide layer having a thickness of 2 to 15 ?m, and containing one or more elements of Ti, Y, Zr, Cr, and B.

Abstract: Provided is a surface coated cutting tool in which a hard coating layer exhibits excellent chipping resistance in high-speed intermittent cutting processes. In the surface coated cutting tool having the hard coating layer including a lower layer (Ti compound layer) and an upper layer (Al2O3 layer) formed by vapor-deposition on the surface of the cutting tool body constituted by a WC-based cemented carbide or TiCN-based cermet, the ratio b/a of the number a of crystal grains in the Ti compound layer present in the interface to which the lower layer and the upper layer are adjacent to the number b of crystal grains in the Al2O3 layer is 4?b/a?20, and, furthermore, the average grain diameter of crystal grains in the Ti compound layer immediately below the Al2O3 layer is 0.5 ?m or less.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes: a light source device radiating at least one or more illumination lights having a predetermined wavelength band to a subject, and an image pickup device picking up an image of a return light from the subject. A band decomposition processing section of a video processor performs processing for decomposition into multiple spatial frequency bands, for a first image signal having a peak wavelength of spectral characteristic, between a wavelength band including a maximum value and a wavelength band at a minimum value with regard to an absorption characteristic of living tissue after image pickup by the image pickup device. An emphasis processing section of the video processor performs emphasis processing on the basis of a band image signal with a lowest spatial frequency among multiple band image signals obtained by the decomposition processing to generate an emphasis-corrected image signal.

Abstract: A scanning endoscope apparatus includes: a light source; first and second polarization sections; third and fourth polarization sections; a first wavelength separation section; a second wavelength separation section; a first detection section; and a second detection section.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes: a light source device radiating at least one or more illumination lights having a predetermined wavelength band to a subject, and an image pickup device picking up an image of a return light from the subject. A band decomposition processing section of a video processor performs processing for decomposition into multiple spatial frequency bands, for a first image signal having a peak wavelength of spectral characteristic, between a wavelength band including a maximum value and a wavelength band at a minimum value with regard to an absorption characteristic of living tissue after image pickup by the image pickup device. An emphasis processing section of the video processor performs emphasis processing on the basis of a band image signal with a lowest spatial frequency among multiple band image signals obtained by the decomposition processing to generate an emphasis-corrected image signal.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes: a light source device radiating at least one or more illumination lights having a predetermined wavelength band to a subject; a CCD picking up an image of a return light from the subject based on radiation of the illumination light from the light source device; an image processing section outputting a first image signal of a first wavelength band having a peak wavelength of spectral characteristic, between a wavelength band including a maximum value and a wavelength band at a minimum value with regard to an absorption characteristic of living tissue, after image pickup by the CCD; and an observation monitor performing image display on the basis of the first image signal.

Abstract: An endoscope apparatus includes a light source device, an image pickup device, and an observation monitor. The video processor applies, on the basis of a difference between a first image signal having a peak wavelength of a spectral characteristic and a second image signal having a peak wavelength of the spectral characteristic that a value in the absorption characteristic is lower than the value in the absorption characteristic of the first image signal and a scattering characteristic of the living tissue is suppressed more than the scattering characteristic of the first image signal between a wavelength band including a maximum value and a wavelength band at a minimum value in an absorption characteristic of a living tissue, processing for enhancing the first image signal and generates an enhanced and corrected image signal.