Abstract: Provided is a seal member according to embodiments. The seal member is disposed between an upper electrode and a backing plate in an etching apparatus to seal a gap between the upper electrode and the backing plate. In addition, the seal member is configured to include a high heat conductivity member having a heat conductivity higher than that of a first member formed by using siloxane bond and a low resistance member having a resistivity lower than that of the first member.

Abstract: There is provided an information processing system including a first control unit configured to associate handwriting action trajectory information indicating a user's handwriting action trajectory with meta information capable of being detected from an actual environment where the user's handwriting action is performed.

Abstract: When a toner image formed on the surface of a photosensitive drum is transferred onto an intermediate transfer belt, a transfer bias is applied to a primary transfer portion. When a patch formed in an upstream image forming station and transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt and a patch formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum pass through the primary transfer portion, a passing bias different from the transfer bias is applied to the primary transfer portion. A control section controls a laser beam scanner as an exposure member not to expose the surface of the photosensitive drum to which the passing bias is applied.

Abstract: If the number of frames in a GOP of an input stream is not less than 15, the GOP is determined as a control unit time. If the number of frames in the GOP is less than 15, the following GOP is connected thereto until the number of frames becomes not less than 15 and the connected GOPs are determined as a control unit time. After correcting the control unit time, the average input bit rate Sn in each control unit time is obtained, and by using information on the input stream including the average input bit rate Sn, a quantization step value of an output stream is calculated.

Abstract: A refrigeration and air-conditioning apparatus rapidly varies the pressure or the temperature inside a liquid reserve container to identify a liquid level position inside the liquid reserve container on the basis of the surface temperature of the liquid reserve container.

Abstract: In an image coding apparatus (1), a Hadamard transform unit (11) performs horizontal Hadamard transform on a picture of uncompressed image data (21). The sum total of absolute values of AC component values obtained by the Hadamard transform is calculated as a Hadamard value (23) of the picture. A scene change determination unit (12) determines whether a scene change occurs or not in the picture on the basis of the Hadamard value (23). In a case where a scene change occurs in the picture or where a differential absolute value between the amount of generated codes in a coded GOP and the ideal amount of codes in a GOP is larger than a predetermined reference value, a quantization parameter determination unit (13) determines a quantization parameter (24) of the picture on the basis of the Hadamard value (23) and the target amount of codes of the picture. A coding unit (14) codes the picture by using the determined quantization parameter (24).

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a substrate processing apparatus including a substrate processing unit, a power supply, and a control unit. The substrate processing unit is configured to conduct processing on a substrate successively under first and second processing conditions each including a plurality of kinds of processing parameters to process the substrate. The power supply is capable of supplying power, which is one of the processing parameters included in each of the first and second processing conditions, to process the substrate. The control unit is configured to, during a period over which power supplied from the power supply is kept at a first level corresponding to the first processing condition, start a preparation operation to change over other processing parameters different from the power, from a level corresponding to the first processing condition to a level corresponding to the second processing condition.

Abstract: In an image coding apparatus (1), a Hadamard transform unit (11) performs horizontal Hadamard transform on a picture of uncompressed image data (21). The sum total of absolute values of AC component values obtained by the Hadamard transform is calculated as a Hadamard value (23) of the picture. A scene change determination unit (12) determines whether a scene change occurs or not in the picture on the basis of the Hadamard value (23). In a case where a scene change occurs in the picture or where a differential absolute value between the amount of generated codes in a coded GOP and the ideal amount of codes in a GOP is larger than a predetermined reference value, a quantization parameter determination unit (13) determines a quantization parameter (24) of the picture on the basis of the Hadamard value (23) and the target amount of codes of the picture. A coding unit (14) codes the picture by using the determined quantization parameter (24).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a photosensitive member; an exposure portion; a developing portion; a sensor; a supply portion; a controller for controlling a developer amount based on density information outputted from the sensor after an electrostatic image for a supply control toner image is exposed to light under an exposure condition for supply control and then is developed into the supply control toner image, which is then detected by the sensor; a storing portion; and an exchange detecting portion. The controller is capable of executing an operation in a mode, in which the exposure condition for the supply control, based on information detected by the exchange detecting portion. In the mode, the exposure condition for the supply control is controlled based on the information stored in the storing portion and a detection result, by the sensor, of a control toner image formed during the operation in the mode.

Abstract: When a toner image formed on the surface of a photosensitive drum is transferred onto an intermediate transfer belt, a transfer bias is applied to a primary transfer portion. When a patch formed in an upstream image forming station and transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt and a patch formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum pass through the primary transfer portion, a passing bias different from the transfer bias is applied to the primary transfer portion. A control section controls a laser beam scanner as an exposure member not to expose the surface of the photosensitive drum to which the passing bias is applied.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a lubricant applying member located opposite a contact portion of a cleaning blade with an image bearing member below in the vertical direction, an opposed position of the lubricant applying member opposite the contact portion of the cleaning blade with the image bearing member below in the vertical direction being located upstream of a contact position of the lubricant applying member with a cleaning member in the rotational direction of the lubricant applying member, and a carrying member configured to carry the toner removed from the lubricant applying member, the carrying member being disposed at a position on a tangent to an outer circumference of the lubricant applying member at a contact position with the cleaning member and on a vertical line extending from a contact position of the lubricant applying member with a solid lubricant member.

Abstract: To provide a heat pump apparatus, such as a heat pump water heating apparatus, capable of efficiently supplying high-temperature water by increasing a condensation capacity to a maximum if the outside air temperature is low. The heat pump water heating apparatus is configured to include a first refrigeration cycle and a second refrigeration cycle. The first refrigeration cycle is configured to connect in series a main compressor, a first water-refrigerant heat exchanger, an internal heat exchanger, a first pressure reducing device, and an air heat exchanger. The second refrigeration cycle diverges from the first refrigeration cycle between the first water-refrigerant heat exchanger and the first pressure reducing device, and joins the first refrigeration cycle between the main compressor and the first water-refrigerant heat exchanger.

Abstract: An image forming unit forms an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier based on image data converted by a conversion unit, and the image is developed by a developing portion using toner. A replenishment control unit controls an amount of the toner with which the developing portion is replenished based on a toner density in the developing portion so that the toner density in the developing portion reaches a target density. A first determination unit determines a target density based on a result of a first measurement image being measured. A correction unit corrects conversion conditions based on a result of measuring a second measurement image and a correction condition. A second determination unit determines the correction condition based on the target density determined by the first determination unit.

Abstract: An average quantization error value of each of I, P, and B pictures in an encoded unit of processing is calculated as an actually measured value having a large variation. An average quantization error value of each of I, P, and B pictures in an uncoded unit of processing is set as a target value having a small variation. In the encoding of the uncoded unit of processing, a result of the encoding of the encoded unit of processing is referenced and fed back thereto. By uniformly setting respective quantization errors of images and further by uniformly setting the respective qualities of the images, the image quality of a whole stream can be subjectively improved. Since the prefetch of the uncoded unit of processing is not needed, it is possible to perform real-time processing without any increase in the circuit scale.

Abstract: An image forming unit forms a plurality of measurement images based on a plurality of process conditions. A measurement unit measures the density of each of the plurality of measurement images. A determination unit uses a first determination mode or a second determination mode. In the first determination mode, a process condition is determined from a first measurement result higher than target density and a second measurement result lower than the target density, from among a plurality of measurement results. In the second determination mode, the process condition is determined from measurement results lower than the target density.

Abstract: Provided are hair processing agents capable of permanent waving hair even at a neutral to weakly acidic pH range that causes less irritation to the skin, and hair processing agents in which an unpleasant odor is masked. Hair processing agents contain at least one compound represented by the formula (2). Hair processing agents contain a compound of the formula (2) and at least one compound (ii) selected from thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, cysteine, acetylcysteine, cysteamine, acylcysteamine, salts thereof and ester derivatives thereof. Hair processing agents contain a compound of the formula (2), a surfactant and water, and are emulsified. Hair processing agents contain a compound of the formula (2) and a specific perfume.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle apparatus simultaneously performs a cooling operation mode in which a refrigerant from a compressor is caused to flow to an indoor heat exchanger of an indoor unit having a cooling load, and a hot water supply operation mode in which a refrigerant from the compressor is caused to flow to a water heat exchanger of a hot water supply unit having a hot water supply demand. An operation control part switches the control mode of the simultaneous cooling and heating and hot water supply operation mode between a cooling-prioritized mode and a hot-water-supply-prioritized mode according to the relationship between the cooling load and the hot water supply load.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electrostatic chuck comprises a mount plate, a first layer, and a second layer. The first layer includes a heater. The second layer is provided between the mount plate and the first layer. The second layer transmits heat from the heater to the mount plate. The second layer includes a compressive attachment portion. The compressive attachment portion is formed at the outer edge. The face on the mount plate side of the compressive attachment portion is compressed and attached to the mount plate. The face on the first layer side of the compressive attachment portion is compressed and attached to the first layer.

Abstract: A first object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently growing a nitride single crystal even under low pressure conditions. The present invention relates to a method for producing a nitride single crystal, comprising growing a nitride crystal on the surface of a seed crystal having a hexagonal crystal structure by setting a pressure in a reaction vessel having the seed crystal, a nitrogen-containing solvent, a mineralizer containing a fluorine atom, and a raw material placed therein to 5 to 200 MPa and performing control so that the nitrogen-containing solvent is in at least either a supercritical state or a subcritical state.

Abstract: A composition is provided that contains an intermediate for a water-soluble monomer, wherein this intermediate is suitable for producing a water-soluble polyalkylene glycol-type monomer that has a polymerizable terminal double bond, and suitable for the production of water-soluble polymer, and moreover allows the high-yield production of water-soluble polymer. A process of producing this composition and a water-soluble monomer-containing composition obtained therefrom are also provided. A water-soluble monomer is also provided that can be used as a starting material for a water-soluble polymer that even at high hardnesses exhibits an excellent capacity to capture metal ions such as the calcium ion and magnesium ion, an excellent anti-gelation performance, an excellent anti-soil redeposition performance, a better anti-dye transfer performance than in the past, and also an excellent compatibility with surfactants.