Abstract: After first, second, and third continuous members are bonded to each other in a laminated state, they are cut together to a predetermined length for thereby producing an instant photography film unit. A predetermined number of produced instant photography film units are stacked in a stacking station, and then automatically placed into a film pack in a packaging station. An overall process of manufacturing instant photography film units that are packaged is performed automatically and efficiently.

Abstract: A photographic film cassette manufacturing apparatus, has a perforator for providing a long film with perforations and a cutter for cutting the long film into individual filmstrips to be contained in the film cassette driven synchronously with transport of the long film. A magnetic recording head for recording data on a magnetic recording layer of the long film is driven in synchronism with the perforator and the cutter. The long film is transported in a first direction before being cut into the individual filmstrips. In cooperation with the cutting, a trailing end of the individual filmstrip in the first direction is moved in a direction which is reverse to the first direction to secure the trailing end to the spool. A cassette shell consisting of a pair of shell halves is temporarily assembled by mating the shell halves together while containing a spool inside the shell halves, and thereafter opened to an extent that confining elements still confine the position of flanges of the spool.

Abstract: Positive as well as negative radiation sensitive resin compositions that, in addition to being capable of providing excellent resolution and pattern profile, are particularly excellent in avoiding the problems of "nano-edge roughness" or "coating surface roughness". The positive type radiation sensitive resin composition comprises (A) (a) an acid-decomposable group-containing resin, or (b) an alkali-soluble resin and an alkali dissolution controller, and (B) a photoacid generator comprising "a compound that upon exposure to radiation generates a carboxylic acid having a boiling point of 150.degree. C. or higher", and "a compound that upon exposure to radiation generates an acid other than a carboxylic acid". The negative type radiation sensitive resin composition comprises (C) an alkali-soluble resin, (D) a cross-linking agent, and the component (B) as described above.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element formed by winding an anode foil having pits with a diameter of not less than 0.1 .mu.m formed on the surface thereof and a cathode foil with a separator provided interposed therebetween, the separator having been coated with PVA which is then dried, the capacitor element being in contact with an electrolytic solution for electrolytic capacitor containing ethylene glycol, whereby the electrolytic solution is gelled. An electrolytic capacitor which comprises a capacitor element formed by winding an anode foil and a cathode foil with a separator provided interposed therebetween, the separator having been prepared by mixing filament fibers formed by extruding PVA solution into a gas, the capacitor element being impregnated with an electrolytic solution, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) includes liquid crystal display panel located within a housing. A backlight source is detachably connected to the housing for providing light to the display panel. When the backlight source is removed from the housing, outside light, such as ambient light, provides light to the display panel. The LCD includes a light collecting lens which transmits light to the display panel and which is either covered by the backlight source or exposed to an external light source when the backlight source is detached from the housing. When the backlight source is detached, the LCD has a small size and light weight, making it convenient for carrying and using outdoors. The LCD also consumes less power when the backlight source is detached.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive resin composition useful as a chemically amplified positive tone resist is provided. The composition comprises (A) a copolymer which becomes soluble in an alkali developing solution by the action of an acid, the copolymer containing a recurring unit (I) having a structure which is decomposed by the action of an acid and increases the solubility in an alkaline developing solution and a recurring unit(II) obtained from a compound having at least two (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule by the cleavage of the carbon-carbon double bond, and (B) a photoacid generator which produces an acid on being irradiated by a radiation. The composition exhibits high resolution, superb capability of producing superior pattern forms, and excellent resistance to PED, and high process stability, is affected by a standing wave only to a minimum extent, and possessed prominent heat resistance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a curable resin composition having good curability and storage stability, which provides a cured film having excellent weather resistance, acid resistance and mar resistance. The curable resin composition comprises:(a) 20 to 80% by weight of a polycarboxylic acid having an acid value of 25 to 300 mg KOH/g based on solid and a number average molecular weight of 500 to 20000; and(b) 20 to 80% by weight of a polyepoxide having an epoxy equivalent of 100 to 800 and a number average molecular weight of 500 to 20000, prepared by copolymerizing: (1) 10 to 60% by weight of a long-chain epoxy monomer; and (2) 40 to 90% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having no epoxy group. The present invention also provides a process for forming a cured film using the resin composition.

Abstract: A photo film cassette includes a spool for winding the photo film thereabout, and a cassette shell for containing the spool in a rotatable manner. The spool has first and second ends disposed to appear outside the cassette shell. To manufacture the photo film cassette, a cassette shell with the spool is retained while confronting a drive shaft with the first end and confronting a support shaft with the second end. The support shaft is slid in an axial direction, to support the second end. The spool is displaced via the support shaft to a braked state where rotation of the spool is blocked. The spool is displaceable between the braked state and a released state. The drive shaft is rotated and slid while the spool is in the braked state, to engage the drive shaft with the first end in a key-engaged manner. After the drive shaft is engaged with the first end, the spool is displaced from the braked state to the released state.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor of the present invention is so constituted that a capacitor element steeped with an electrolytic solution containing quaternary ammonia salts is accommodated in an armor case of which aperture is sealed with a sealing body. To achieve the above object, an external terminal of the electrolytic capacitor has a contact surface contacting with the sealing body and being coated by a ceramic coating layer.

Abstract: A cassette (110), to be loaded with a photo film strip, has a photo film passageway (119) through which a leader (123) of the photo film strip (23, 111) is drawn out of a cassette shell. On a spool (112) is retained a trailer (124) of the photo film strip. A loader apparatus has a light-tight dark compartment (147). A rotary barrel (163) is rotatable, and partially fitted in an opening formed in a downstream wall of the dark compartment. Two cassette holders (164, 165) are disposed on the barrel and in respective positions opposite about a rotational axis (163a) of the barrel, and hold the cassette removably. The barrel is rotated to move the cassette holders into and out of the dark compartment. The cassette is supplied to one of the cassette holders located outside the dark compartment. The trailer of the photo film strip is passed into the photo film passageway in the cassette in one of the cassette holders located inside the dark compartment.

Abstract: An image information processor for a liquid crystal display by a digital driver is intended to provide image display near to a source image by making continuous-tone image display by pseudo representations. The image information processor generates L-bit image display data based on P-bit source image data, L being less than P. Added to source image data of a picture element of the Nth frame (where N is a natural number of 2 or greater) is error data corresponding to the picture element of the (N-1)th frame at the same position as the picture element of the Nth frame. The high-order L bits of the P-bit data resulting from the addition are used as image display data of the picture element of the Nth frame and at least one bit of the remaining low-order bit data is held as error data of the picture element of the Nth frame.

Abstract: An apparatus for assembling a photographic film cassette whose cassette shell is constituted of a pair of shell halves, and contains a spool having a filmstrip wound thereon. A bucket conveyer successively conveys a plurality of buckets through a series of stations. The buckets each has a recess formed to hold a first shell half stationary therein. The first shell half is put in the recess of the bucket in the first station, and a spool is located in the lower shell half to be rotatable therein in the second station. In the next station, the spool is rotated to be set in a predetermined angular position, and the spool is connected to an end of a filmstrip which is fed through a film feed chute. Thereafter, the spool is rotated to wind the filmstrip onto the spool. In the following station, a second shell half is joined to the first shell half to form the cassette shell so as to contain the spool with the filmstrip therein.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a photoresist film for use in producing a a precision fine process component capable of achieving removal of moisture component and film formation by heating in a short time, forming a resist film having a resolution much finer than that of the conventional method, and easily drying a thin board. The resist film obtained through the electrodeposition coating process is roll-pressed by pressure rolls with heat applied to the film.

Abstract: An amplifying optical fiber includes a core containing Tm ions as activation ions and a clad containing at least one of Tb ions and Eu ions. Alternatively, the amplifying optical fiber includes a core composed of more than two layers. Tm is contained in more than one of the more than two layers as activation ions and at least one of Tb ions and Eu ions is contained in more than one of the more than two in which Tm is not contained.

Abstract: Unreacted gas generated at outside is introduced through a gas inlet tangentially into a secondary combustion chamber with a substantially cylindrical side wall, so that a spiral ascending flow of the unreacted gas is generated in the chamber. A bulk material in the chamber is blown up by the unreacted gas introduced through the gas inlet to be circulated in the chamber so as to substantially completely burn unburnt solids entrained in the unreacted gas.

Abstract: A cassette (110), to be loaded with a photo film strip, has a photo film passageway (119) through which a leader (123) of the photo film strip (23, 111) is drawn out of a cassette shell. On a spool (112) is retained a trailer (124) of the photo film strip. A loader apparatus has a light-tight dark compartment (147). A rotary barrel (163) is rotatable, and partially fitted in an opening formed in a downstream wall of the dark compartment. Two cassette holders (164, 165) are disposed on the barrel and in respective positions opposite about a rotational axis (163a) of the barrel, and hold the cassette removably. The barrel is rotated to move the cassette holders into and out of the dark compartment. The cassette is supplied to one of the cassette holders located outside the dark compartment. The trailer of the photo film strip is passed into the photo film passageway in the cassette in one of the cassette holders located inside the dark compartment.

Abstract: An image information processor for a liquid crystal display by a digital driver is intended to provide image display near to a source image by making continuous-tone image display by pseudo representations. The image information processor generates L-bit image display data based on P-bit source image data, L being less than P. Added to source image data of a picture element of the Nth frame (where N is a natural number of 2 or greater) is error data corresponding to the picture element of the (N-1)th frame at the same position as the picture element of the Nth frame. The high-order L bits of the P-bit data resulting from the addition are used as image display data of the picture element of the Nth frame and at least one bit of the remaining low-order bit data is held as error data of the picture element of the Nth frame.

Abstract: An array of pyroelectric type heat detecting elements of different which are integrally incorporated with an optical system and which are arranged one dimensionally in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis of the optical system, and the optical system and the array of pyroelectric type heat detecting elements are rotated integrally with each other; thereby it is possible to obtain a two dimensional thermal image with a relatively simple structure.

Abstract: A single liquid-crystal display can be used to be either of direct-vision or projection type, if required. Separate display devices for monitor and OHP are not required. Further, power consumption can be reduced, with the service life of the display being prolonged to improve economy.The liquid-crystal display includes a display housing which receives a liquid-crystal panel, a driver circuit unit and a cooling fan, the display housing being detachably mountable in a back light stand. When the display housing is mounted or dismounted in the back light stand, the fan and back light can automatically be turned on or off to reduce the power consumption. The liquid-crystal panel can be prevented from being degraded by cooling it by way of the fan.

Abstract: A picture processing apparatus is composed of an infrared ray sensor for producing an infrared picture in which a heat distribution of a measured area is recorded, a picture processing section for processing the infrared picture to extract pieces of personal characteristic data and environmental characteristic data from the infrared picture, and a picture information detecting section composed of a neural network for detecting pieces of personal information and environmental information according to the characteristic data. To be concrete, one or more human-areas respectively recording one or more persons are picked out from the infrared picture, and representative points of the human-areas, the number of human-areas, the number of pixels in each of the human-areas and shapes of the human-areas are extracted as the personal characteristic data.