Abstract: A semiconductor element capable of adjusting a barrier height ?Bn and performing zero-bias operation and impedance matching with an antenna for improving detection sensitivity of high-frequency RF electric signals, a method of manufacturing the same, and a semiconductor device having the same. In the semiconductor element, a concentration of InGaAs (n-type InGaAs layer) is intentionally set to be high over a range for preventing the “change of the barrier height caused by the bias” described above up to a deep degeneration range. An electron Fermi level (EF) increases from a band edge of InGaAs (n-type InGaAs layer) to a band edge of InP (InP depletion layer).

Abstract: There is provided a frame converter that writes input data included in an input frame to a buffer to accumulate the input data and outputs data read from the buffer as output data included in an output frame, the frame converter includes a setting unit configured to set a time interval from start of resizing of data rate of the input data to start of resizing of data rate of the output data when resizing of an accumulation amount in the buffer is performed in which data rates of the input data and the output data vary, and an adjustment unit configured to adjust to approximate the data rate of the output data to the data rate of the input data after the time interval has elapsed since the start of resizing of data rate of the input data.

Abstract: Provided are a heat-absorbing material having high heat resistance and high wavelength selectivity, and a process for producing the same. The heat-absorbing material includes: a heat-resistant metal having the substantially same periodic structure in the light incidence plane as the wavelength of sunlight having a specific wavelength in the wavelength regions of visible light and near-infrared rays; and a cermet formed on the light incidence plane of the heat-resistant metal. Thus, there can be achieved desirable absorption and radiation characteristics being such that absorption is performed in the visible light region meanwhile reflection is performed in the infrared region. Furthermore, the cermet does not need complicated film-formation control, and therefore, the high heat resistance can be maintained.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus includes: an optical receiver configured to receive an optical signal; a variable optical attenuator configured to adjust a power of the optical signal to be input to the optical receiver according to a variable attenuation amount; and a controller configured to control the attenuation amount of the variable optical attenuator based on an electrical signal obtained by performing a coherent detection and a photoelectric conversion on the optical signal received by the optical receiver.

Abstract: A magnetic material is pressure-molded using dies into a compact having an H-shaped cross section, constituted by a pair of flange parts that are facing each other and a web part connecting the pair of flange parts. Next, a cured product of the compact is turned around a rotational shaft passing through the center parts of the principal faces of the flange parts, and the web part is ground, to form a drum-type ground product having a pair of flange parts on both ends of a shaft part in a manner facing each other. Then, the ground product is heat-treated to obtain a drum core of a magnetic body. On the drum core, terminal electrodes are provided and a conductive wire with sheath is wound around the shaft part, after which an exterior part is given, to obtain a coil component.

Abstract: A fuel injector includes an injection-port forming member, a passage forming member, and a positioning member. The passage forming member is in contact with the injection-port forming member. The positioning member that is a partially ring shape spans and is externally fitted to the injection-port forming member and the passage forming member, and executes a positioning between the injection-port forming member and the passage forming member. The injection-port forming member and the passage forming member include continuous flat surfaces that can be connected with each other, respectively. The positioning member includes an opposite flat surface that faces both the continuous flat surfaces in a case where the positioning member is externally fitted to the injection-port forming member and the passage forming member, and a pressing portion that inwardly presses the outer peripheral wall portions such that the continuous flat surfaces are in contact with the opposite flat surface.

Abstract: A relay device for dividing a storage device into a plurality of unit areas, assigning an unused unit area from among the plurality of unit areas to received channel-specified data, and performing at least one of adjustment of a transmission timing of the data and conversion of the data by using the assigned unit area, is disclosed. The relay device includes an error detector configured to detect an error where the unit area from which the data is to be read is not specified; and an error control configured to recognize a channel of data stored in the unit area that is not specified due to the error detected by the error detector as a target channel, and to invalidate an assignment of the unit area to the recognized target channel.

Abstract: A clock conversion apparatus comprising, an elastic store memory in which data are written in synchronization with a first clock and from which data are read out in synchronization with a second clock, a phase comparator for detecting phase difference between a third clock obtained by imparting a first variable phase shift to a divided clock of the first clock and a fourth clock obtained by imparting a second variable phase shift to a divided clock of the second clock, and an oscillator for generating a clock having frequency in accordance with the phase difference as the second clock.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus includes: an optical receiver configured to receive an optical signal; a variable optical attenuator configured to adjust a power of the optical signal to be input to the optical receiver according to a variable attenuation amount; and a controller configured to control the attenuation amount of the variable optical attenuator based on an electrical signal obtained by performing a coherent detection and a photoelectric conversion on the optical signal received by the optical receiver.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus includes: a coherent detector configured to receive light including different polarization components from an optical transmission path, and perform coherent detection of received light including the different polarization components; an adaptive equalizer configured to adaptively equalize, by a digital filter, a complex electric signal for each of the polarization components obtained by the coherent detection, a gain value for controlling an amplitude of the complex electric signal being applied to the complex electric signal; and a polarization dependent loss monitor configured to determine a polarization dependent loss of the optical transmission path, based on a correction filter parameter obtained by correcting a filter parameter of the digital filter according to the gain value, the filter parameter being adaptively updated by an adaptive equalization of the adaptive equalizer.

Abstract: A method of precisely measuring the track twist of a track on which a vehicle for commercial operation is travelling using this vehicle is to be provided. The method includes measuring a condition of a track (R) on which a vehicle for commercial operation (100) is travelling using this vehicle (100). The vehicle for commercial operation includes a bogie (10). The bogie includes four wheels (1) and primary springs (2) provided to correspond to the four wheels (1) and support the corresponding wheels (1), and is capable of measuring a wheel load of each of the four wheels (1). The method includes the steps of: measuring the wheel load of each wheel (1) (S13); calculating the displacement of each primary spring (2) based on the measured wheel load (S15); and calculating the track twist (h) of the track (R) based on the calculated displacements of the primary springs (2) (S18).

Abstract: A gasket insertion method for inserting a gasket into an outer cylinder includes providing an outer cylinder having a base end opening section; providing a gasket having a recessed section that is open at a base end of the gasket and that includes a flat bottom surface; pushing the gasket into a sleeve configured to be inserted into the outer cylinder, by relatively moving an inserter in a tip end direction with respect to the sleeve while a flat tip end surface of a tip end section of the inserter abuts the bottom surface of the recessed section; inserting the sleeve into the outer cylinder through the base end opening section; and arranging the gasket inside the outer cylinder by relatively moving the sleeve in a base end direction with respect to the outer cylinder while maintaining relative axial positions of the outer cylinder, the gasket, and the inserter.

Abstract: A photodiode that can provide a THz operation with a stable output. A photodiode having a pin-type semiconductor structure includes a semiconductor layer structure and n and p electrodes. The semiconductor layer structure is obtained by sequentially layering an n-type contact layer, a low concentration layer, and a p-type contact layer. The low concentration layer is obtained by layering an electron drift layer, a light absorption layer, and a hole drift layer while being abutted to the n-type contact layer. The n electrode and the p electrode are connected to the n-type contact layer and the p-type contact layer, respectively. During operation, the low concentration layer is depleted.

Abstract: A photodiode that can provide a THz operation with a stable output. A photodiode having a pin-type semiconductor structure includes a semiconductor layer structure and n and p electrodes. The semiconductor layer structure is obtained by sequentially layering an n-type contact layer, a low concentration layer, and a p-type contact layer. The low concentration layer is obtained by layering an electron drift layer, a light absorption layer, and a hole drift layer while being abutted to the n-type contact layer. The n electrode and the p electrode are connected to the n-type contact layer and the p-type contact layer, respectively. During operation, the low concentration layer is depleted.

Abstract: In an apparatus structure having a sheet discharge mode to store sheets at a stack tray from a sheet discharging path and a sheet discharge mode to store binding-processed sheet bundles with collating and stacking, sheet holding means is arranged above a sheet placement face of the stack tray as a sheet pressurization force being variable in two steps, and then, the pressurization force of the sheet holding means is adjusted in two steps in accordance with the sheet discharge mode for storing sheets at the stack tray.

Abstract: Provided are a heat-absorbing material having high heat resistance and high wavelength selectivity, and a process for producing the same. The heat-absorbing material includes: a heat-resistant metal having the substantially same periodic structure in the light incidence plane as the wavelength of sunlight having a specific wavelength in the wavelength regions of visible light and near-infrared rays; and a cermet formed on the light incidence plane of the heat-resistant metal. Thus, there can be achieved desirable absorption and radiation characteristics being such that absorption is performed in the visible light region meanwhile reflection is performed in the infrared region. Furthermore, the cermet does not need complicated film-formation control, and therefore, the high heat resistance can be maintained.

Abstract: A brake control apparatus includes a booster configured to increase a driver's operation force on a brake operation member to generate a hydraulic pressure in a master cylinder, a booster state detection unit configured to detect a state of the booster and transmit a corresponding signal, a hydraulic control device configured to control a hydraulic pressure in a wheel cylinder to which the hydraulic pressure from the master cylinder is supplied, a hydraulic controller configured to control the hydraulic control device, first and second communication lines arranged in parallel with each other for transmitting the signal to the hydraulic controller, and a booster unsteady state determination unit provided in the hydraulic controller and configured to determine whether the booster is in an unsteady state based on communication states of the signals transmitted via the first and second communication lines.

Abstract: In a sheet storing apparatus of the present invention, a tailing end supporting member which temporarily supports a tailing end of a dropping sheet bundle is arranged between a discharging port of a processing tray to discharge the sheet bundle and the upmost sheet on a stack tray as being movable between an operating position above a sheet placement face and a waiting position outside the stack tray.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus for transmitting frames accommodating client data over a transmission network, comprising a clock generation unit that generates a clock for timing processing period of signal processing, a deviation detection unit that detects clock deviation between the clock generated by the clock generation unit and the clock used for timing processing period of signal processing by other transmission apparatus that receives the client data from outside the transmission network and adds them to frames, and a timing generation unit that generates timing signal of processing period of signal processing corrected with the clock deviation.

Abstract: A brake control apparatus includes a booster configured to increase a driver's operation force on a brake operation member to generate a hydraulic pressure in a master cylinder, a booster state detection unit configured to detect a state of the booster and transmit a corresponding signal, a hydraulic control device configured to control a hydraulic pressure in a wheel cylinder to which the hydraulic pressure from the master cylinder is supplied, a hydraulic controller configured to control the hydraulic control device, first and second communication lines arranged in parallel with each other for transmitting the signal to the hydraulic controller, and a booster unsteady state determination unit provided in the hydraulic controller and configured to determine whether the booster is in an unsteady state based on communication states of the signals transmitted via the first and second communication lines.