Abstract: A steel sheet having a specific chemical composition and structure represented by, by area ratio, ferrite: 5 to 95%, and bainite: 5 to 95%. The proportion of crystal grains having an intragranular misorientation of 5 to 14° to all crystal grains is 20 to 100% by area ratio. Hard crystal grains A in which precipitates or clusters with a maximum diameter of 8 nm or less are dispersed in the crystal grains with a number density of 1×1016 to 1×1019 pieces/cm3. Soft crystal grains B in which precipitates or clusters with a maximum diameter of 8 nm or less are dispersed in the crystal grains with a number density of 1×1015 pieces/cm3 or less are contained. The volume % of the hard crystal grains A/(the volume % of the hard crystal grains A+the volume % of the soft crystal grains B) is 0.1 to 0.9.

Abstract: A drain mechanism has a drain connector. The drain connector has a connection pipe and a protector. The connecting pipe provides a partial passage. The partial passage provides a passage cross section perpendicular to a central axis of the partial passage. The connecting pipe has a barrier plate projecting into the partial passage. The barrier plate projects from an upper portion of the partial passage. The barrier plate provides a first opening and a second opening in a passage cross section. The barrier plate functions as a barrier plate against condensed water. The barrier plate regulates a flow of condensed water in the partial passage.

Abstract: An optical information reader includes an imaging lens and a lens retainer retaining the imaging lens and assembled, in this state, into the holder. The lens retainer includes a flange bottom surface and end faces as a reference surface that is parallel to an optical axis of the imaging lens. The holder includes a top surface and edge faces as a guide surface. The guide surface is brought into surface contact with the flange bottom surface and the end faces when the lens retainer is assembled into the holder, and is brought into slidable contact with the flange bottom surface and the end faces when the lens retainer is moved along the optical axis. Thus, influence of one-sided blur is minimized in terms of variation in resolution which is measured when obtaining an optimal focus position by changing relative positions of the area sensor and the imaging lens.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a memory storage component and a transistor in operable communication with the memory storage element. The transistor comprises a source region, a drain region, a gate electrode between the source region and the drain region, a charge trapping material surrounding at least an upper portion of the gate electrode, and an oxide material on sides of the charge trapping material. Related systems and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A steering device of a vehicle includes: a shaft mounted with a steering wheel; an inner tube rotatably covering the shaft; an outer tube fitting around the inner tube; a first housing reciprocably housing the outer tube along an axis direction of the shaft; an input unit provided on the outer tube; a screw member being provided in the first housing, and making the input unit reciprocable along the axis direction; and a worm gear rotating the screw member, and a motor driving the worm gear, being housed in a second housing mounted to the first housing. A vulnerable part is provided in the second housing in such a way that, when impact applies to the vehicle and another object collides with the second housing, the second housing breaks while maintaining a mounting state of the worm gear.

Abstract: In an ignition control apparatus, a control unit controls switching elements so as to supply a primary current to the other end side of a primary winding opposite to one end thereof connected to a DC power source by discharging (which is performed by turning on a second switching element stored energy from a capacitor during ignition discharge (which is started by turning off a first switching element. In particular, the control unit controls the second switching element or the third switching element so as to provide variability to the amount of stored energy discharged from the capacitor according to an operating state of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: There is provided a semiconductor device including a first conductive layer formed on a substrate; a second conductive layer serving as a wiring layer and a barrier layer provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, wherein the barrier layer is made of a graphene film, and the second conductive layer includes a metal silicide compound, the metal silicide compound being provided so as to be in contact with the graphene film constituting the barrier layer.

Abstract: A welding structure includes, in a cross-section of the first member and the second member when they are seen from an axial direction of the insertion hole, a plurality of welding spots, an outer periphery of the welding spots are each formed with a curve-shaped portion and two side-face portions. When two intersections where the outer side-face portion on the outer periphery of the both-end welding spots and the outer periphery of the second member intersect are defined as a first intersection and a second intersection, a weld angle formed by a first linear line linking the first intersection with a sectional center of the second member and a second linear line linking the second intersection with the sectional center of the second member is set to a first predetermined angle or more.

Abstract: A detecting unit that detects a specific pressure difference between a pressure of gas that has passed throuch a canister and a pump and a pressure of the gas before passing through the canister and the pump. A gas flow rate from the pump may be higher with a smaller pressure difference between upstream and downstream sides relative to the pump, and higher with a higher purge gas density. A gas flow rate from the canister may be lower with a smaller pressure difference between upstream and downstream sides relative to the canister, and lower with a higher purge gas density. An estimating unit may estimate a flow rate of the purge gas while the specific pressure difference is an unchanged pressure difference being a pressure at which the flow rate of the gas is not chanced by the density of the purge gas.

Abstract: A detecting unit that detects a specific pressure difference between a pressure of gas that has passed throuch a canister and a pump and a pressure of the gas before passing through the canister and the pump. A gas flow rate from the pump may be higher with a smaller pressure difference between upstream and downstream sides relative to the pump, and higher with a higher purge gas densiy. A gas flow rate from the canister may be lower with a smaller pressure difference between upstream and downstream sides relative to the canister, and lower with a higher purge gas density. An estimating unit may estimate a flow rate of the purge gas while the specific pressure difference is an unchanged pressure difference being a pressure at which the flow rate of the gas is not chanced by the density of the purge gas.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a memory storage component and a transistor in operable communication with the memory storage element. The transistor comprises a source region, a drain region, a gate electrode between the source region and the drain region, a charge trapping material surrounding at least an upper portion of the gate electrode, and an oxide material on sides of the charge trapping material. Related systems and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel cell system uses, as an inlet sealing valve, an eccentric valve having a rubber seat provided with a seal part having such a shape as to increase the surface pressure of a portion in contact with a seal surface of a valve element when pressure in an air supply passage rises. Each of an outlet integration valve and a bypass valve is constituted of an eccentric valve basically identical in structure to the inlet sealing valve. When supply of air to a fuel cell stack is to be stopped during deceleration of a vehicle, a controller closes the inlet sealing valve and opens the bypass valve and, after the inlet sealing valve is fully closed, closes the bypass valve.

Abstract: A protective sheet disposing method of disposing a protective sheet on a top surface of a wafer in which a device region having a plurality of devices formed thereon and a peripheral surplus region surrounding the device region are formed, the protective sheet disposing method including: a first protective sheet preparing step of preparing a first protective sheet having a non-adhesive portion corresponding to the device region and an adhesive portion having an adhesive layer laid on a periphery of the non-adhesive portion; a protective sheet affixing step of affixing the first protective sheet to the peripheral surplus region; a liquid resin dropping step of dropping a liquid resin onto a region of a second protective sheet; an integrating step of integrating the first protective sheet and the second protective sheet with each other; and a cutting step of cutting the first protective sheet and the second protective sheet.

Abstract: A steel sheet has a specific chemical composition and has a structure represented by, by area ratio, ferrite: 5 to 60%, and bainite: 40 to 95%. When a region that is surrounded by a grain boundary having a misorientation of 15° or more and has a circle-equivalent diameter of 0.3 ?m or more is defined as a crystal grain, the proportion of crystal grains each having an intragranular misorientation of 5 to 14° to all crystal grains is 20 to 100% by area ratio. A precipitate density of Ti(C,N) and Nb(C,N) each having a circle-equivalent diameter of 10 nm or less is 1010 precipitates/mm3 or more. A ratio (Hvs/Hvc) of a hardness at 20 ?m in depth from a surface (Hvs) to a hardness of the center of a sheet thickness (Hvc) is 0.85 or more.

Abstract: A steel sheet has a specific chemical composition and has a structure represented by, by area ratio, ferrite: 0 to 30%, and bainite: 70 to 100%. When a region that is surrounded by a grain boundary having a misorientation of 15° or more and has a circle-equivalent diameter of 0.3 ?m or more is defined as a crystal grain, the proportion of crystal grains each having an intragranular misorientation of 5 to 14° to all crystal grains is 20 to 100% by area ratio. A grain boundary number density of solid-solution C or a grain boundary number density of the total of solid-solution C and solid-solution B is 1 piece/nm2 or more and 4.5 pieces/nm2 or less. An average grain size of cementite precipitated at grain boundaries is 2 ?m or less.

Abstract: An inner bag of a cell culture package is enclosed in an outer bag such that a rubber stopper is exposed to the outside. A closed space surrounded by the outer surface of the inner bag and the inner surface of the outer bag is sterile. This allows the outer surface of the inner bag, which is used for containing cell-containing deformable materials, to be maintained in a sterile condition. Since the cell culture package can be sterilized before a cell-containing deformable material is placed therein, the sterilization conditions can be relatively easily determined without considering the influence on the cell-containing deformable material. In addition, a holder allows liquid to pass through the bottom surface and side surface of a recess and the bottom surface and the side surface of a cover.

Abstract: A steel sheet has a specific chemical composition and has a structure represented by, by area ratio, ferrite: 5 to 95%, and bainite: 5 to 95%. When a region that is surrounded by a grain boundary having a misorientation of 15° or more and has a circle-equivalent diameter of 0.3 ?m or more is defined as a crystal grain, the proportion of crystal grains each having an intragranular misorientation of 5 to 14° to all crystal grains is 20 to 100% by area ratio. Hard crystal grains A in which precipitates or clusters with a maximum diameter of 8 nm or less are dispersed in the crystal grains with a number density of 1×1016 to 1×1019 pieces/cm3 and soft crystal grains B in which precipitates or clusters with a maximum diameter of 8 nm or less are dispersed in the crystal grains with a number density of 1×1015 pieces/cm3 or less are contained, and the volume % of the hard crystal grains A/(the volume % of the hard crystal grains A +the volume % of the soft crystal grains B) is 0.1 to 0.9.

Abstract: A steel sheet has a specific chemical composition and has a structure represented by, by area ratio, ferrite: 30 to 95%, and bainite: 5 to 70%. When a region that is surrounded by a grain boundary having a misorientation of 15° or more and has a circle-equivalent diameter of 0.3 ?m or more is defined as a crystal grain, the proportion of crystal grains each having an intragranular misorientation of 5 to 14° to all crystal grains is 20 to 100% by area ratio. An average aspect ratio of ellipses equivalent to the crystal grains is 5 or less. An average distribution density of the total of Ti-based carbides and Nb-based carbides each having a grain size of 20 nm or more on ferrite grain boundaries is 10 carbides/?m or less.

Abstract: A wafer group facilitates securing uniformity of products manufactured from the wafer group whose composition varies among wafers. A technique excludes uncertain factors in forming OF, forming OF with extremely high probability and extremely high accuracy, the wafer group being constituted by a plurality of wafers obtained from the same ingot, with all wafers having an orientation flat (OF), wherein the wafer group is constituted by 70 or more wafers, and in the OF orientation accuracy of the wafer group represented by an angle, the OF orientation accuracy in each wafer is within ±0.010°.

Abstract: An ignition control apparatus of the present embodiment controls operation of an ignition plug provided so as to ignite an air-fuel mixed gas.