Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes: first light emitting elements; second light emitting elements having chromaticity values in a same chromaticity range as the first light emitting elements; and a control circuit including a mode switch for controlling the first light emitting elements and the second light emitting elements separately. The control circuit selectively executes a first mode which causes the first light emitting elements to emit light and a second mode which causes the first light emitting elements and the second light emitting elements to emit light. The mode switch switches between the first mode and the second mode.

Abstract: A pest control apparatus that controls a pest of a plant includes: a case which is portable; and a light source which is held in the case and emits ultraviolet light in a predetermined direction. The case includes an installing structure which is to be installed in a culture medium of the plant in so that the predetermined direction is upward.

Abstract: A disinfecting method includes irradiating fungi or bacteria with light including violet light having a light emission peak with (i) a full width at half maximum of at most 20 nm and (ii) a peak wavelength included in a range of from 380 nm to 410 nm, inclusive.

Abstract: An illumination system includes: a seat in a mobile body; a table to be positioned in front of a passenger when the passenger is seated on the seat; a first light source which illuminates the table; and a second light source which illuminates a region closer to the passenger than to the table. When a distance from the first light source to the table is equal to a distance from the second light source to a virtual irradiated surface, an illuminance on the table irradiated by the first light source is lower than an illuminance on the virtual irradiated surface irradiated by the second light source.

Abstract: A street lamp includes a light emitter that is disposed at a height of at least 5 m and at most 15 m above a road and emits white light to illuminate the road. The white light has: a correlated color temperature in a range from 5000 K to 6500 K; a chromaticity deviation in a range from ?10 to +10; a scotopic/photopic (S/P) ratio of at least 2.0, the S/P ratio being a ratio of a scotopic luminous flux to a photopic luminous flux; and an average horizontal illuminance of at least 5 lx at an illumination area on the road illuminated with the white light.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes first light emitting elements and second light emitting elements having chromaticity values in a same chromaticity range. A ratio of a greatest value of a spectral distribution of combined light in a range of 500 nm to 560 nm inclusive to a smallest value of the spectral distribution of the combined light in a range of 500 nm to 650 nm inclusive is 0.85 or less. The combined light is a combination of light emitted by the first light emitting elements and light emitted by the second light emitting elements.

Abstract: A recording apparatus, a reproduction apparatus and a file management method are disclosed wherein, even if one of files recorded on a recording medium cannot be reproduced regularly, another file selected by the user can be reproduced normally. A file having a hierarchical structure formed from video data and audio data both in the form of compressed data together with information necessary for processing of the video data and audio data is produced and recorded on a predetermined recording medium. Upon production of the file, information regarding decoding of the video data and audio data is disposed collectively on the top side of the file.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus to be installed in an area adjacent to land is provided. The lighting apparatus includes a plurality of light sources disposed on a board and further includes a light shield. The light shield blocks a portion of light emitted from the light sources. The portion of light has a predetermined wavelength. The light shield is disposed on the board closer to the land than at least a light source disposed closest to the land among the light sources. The light shield has a shape which sends, to the land, first emission light included in the light emitted from the light sources. The shape avoids sending, to the land, second emission light included in the light emitted from the light sources. The first emission light passes through the light shield. The second emission light does not pass through the light shield.

Abstract: A recording apparatus, a reproduction apparatus and a file management method are disclosed wherein, even if one of files recorded on a recording medium cannot be reproduced regularly, another file selected by the user can be reproduced normally. A file having a hierarchical structure formed from video data and audio data both in the form of compressed data together with information necessary for processing of the video data and audio data is produced and recorded on a predetermined recording medium. Upon production of the file, information regarding decoding of the video data and audio data is disposed collectively on the top side of the file.

Abstract: An optical fiber for amplification includes a core having an inner core and an outer core surrounding the outer circumferential surface of the inner core. The relative refractive index difference of the inner core to a cladding is smaller than the relative refractive index difference of the outer core to the cladding. The outer core is entirely doped with erbium. The theoretical cutoff wavelength of an LP11 mode light beam is a wavelength of 1,565 nm or more. The theoretical cutoff wavelength of an LP21 mode light beam is a wavelength of 1,530 nm or less. The theoretical cutoff wavelength of the LP02 mode light beam is a wavelength of 980 nm or less.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus may generate resource information used for playing back image content that can be divided into a plurality of zones. The information processing apparatus may include an image generator generating a still image from each of the plurality of zones, a face processor setting each of the plurality of zones to be a target zone and determining whether a face of a specific character which is determined to continuously appear in at least one zone before the target zone is contained in the still image generated from the target zone, and an information generator specifying, on the basis of a determination result obtained for each of the plurality of zones by the face processor, at least one zone in which the face of the specific character continuously appears as a face zone, and generating information concerning the face zone as one item of the resource information.

Abstract: An amplification optical fiber operable to propagate light beams in a plurality of modes in a predetermined wavelength range through a core doped with a rare earth element, wherein Expression (1) is satisfied, where a cutoff wavelength of a propagated highest mode light beam is defined as ?max, under conditions in which the cutoff wavelength of the highest mode light beam is defined as ?c, a shortest wavelength of the wavelength range is defined as ?min, and a cutoff wavelength of a second-highest mode light beam to the highest mode light beam is ?min. ?c>0.5 ?min+0.5 ?max??(1).

Abstract: Heating an oil from a plant or animal while supplying oxygen at a dissolved oxygen supply speed of not less than 0.058 mg/L/min to the oil from plant or animal is a convenient production method of a material for food or drink, which is capable of imparting an aroma and/or a flavor, which are/is mellow and rich in variety, to a food or drink.

Abstract: A method of preserving freshness of a harvested crop includes irradiating the harvested crop with red light.

Abstract: A method of preserving freshness of a harvested crop includes irradiating the harvested crop with blue light and misting the harvested crop with water mist while irradiating the harvested crop with the blue light.

Abstract: An amplification optical fiber operable to propagate light beams in a plurality of modes in a predetermined wavelength range through a core doped with a rare earth element, wherein Expression (1) is satisfied, where a cutoff wavelength of a propagated highest mode light beam is defined as ?max, under conditions in which the cutoff wavelength of the highest mode light beam is defined as ?c, a shortest wavelength of the wavelength range is defined as ?min, and a cutoff wavelength of a second-highest mode light beam to the highest mode light beam is ?min. ?c>0.5 ?min+0.

Abstract: Heating an oil from a plant or animal while supplying oxygen at a dissolved oxygen supply speed of not less than 0.058 mg/L/min to the oil from plant or animal is a convenient production method of a material for food or drink, which is capable of imparting an aroma and/or a flavor, which are/is mellow and rich in variety, to a food or drink.

Abstract: An imaging device includes an imaging-lens, an image-sensor, a lens-moving-mechanism, a ROM, and an intersection-point-position-control-section. The lens-moving-mechanism moves an intersection point on the image-sensor by moving a second lens in a plane perpendicular to an optical axis. The ROM stores, in advance, a LUT that stores the intersection point and an image quality evaluation value of an image, which is obtained through image capturing performed at the intersection point, in association with each other. The intersection-point-position-control-section acquires the current intersection point, calculates distances between the current intersection point and the plurality of intersection points stored in the LUT, and selects an intersection point for imaging, at which a ratio of the image quality evaluation value to the distance from the current intersection point is at the maximum, among the positions of the plurality of intersection points stored in the LUT.

Abstract: A plurality of cores 51 is disposed around the center axis of a first cladding 52 in a state in which an inter-core distance ? of cores adjacent to each other is equal, a refractive index n1 of the core 51 is provided higher than a refractive index n2 of the first cladding 52, and the refractive index n2 of the first cladding 52 is provided higher than a refractive index n3 of a second cladding 53. Moreover, 5.8??/MFD(2?c/(?c+?op))?8 is satisfied, where the inter-core distance is defined as ?, a mode field diameter of the core is defined as MFD, a cutoff wavelength is defined as ?c, and a wavelength of communication light incident on the core 51 is defined as ?op.

Abstract: An optical fiber for amplification includes a core having an inner core and an outer core surrounding the outer circumferential surface of the inner core. The relative refractive index difference of the inner core to a cladding is smaller than the relative refractive index difference of the outer core to the cladding. The outer core is entirely doped with erbium. The theoretical cutoff wavelength of an LP11 mode light beam is a wavelength of 1,565 nm or more. The theoretical cutoff wavelength of an LP21 mode light beam is a wavelength of 1,530 nm or less. The theoretical cutoff wavelength of the LP02 mode light beam is a wavelength of 980 nm or less.