Abstract: The memory cells of a DRAM are refreshed such that the temporal sequence of the control signals for triggering the information refresh operation for the individual memory cells is set in accordance with the respective maximum retention time for the information in the memory cell.

Abstract: An adapter apparatus for receiving memory modules, each of which has a plurality of data terminals and a plurality of control terminals, comprises first data terminals, first control terminals, a first socket for receiving a first memory module with second data terminals and second control terminals, wherein the second data terminals are associated to the data terminals of the first memory module, wherein the second control terminals are associated to the control terminals of the first memory module, a second socket for receiving a second memory module with third data terminals and third control terminals, wherein the third data terminals are associated to the data terminals of the second memory module, wherein the third control terminals are associated to the control terminals of the second memory module, a signal transformation circuit with an input and an output, wherein the input is connected to the first control terminals, and wherein the output is connected to the second control terminals and to the thi

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for driving a memory cell (601) of a memory module which can be operated with an external voltage (VEXT) and an operating frequency (fCLK), the memory cell (601) having a capacitance (600) for storing charges and a transistor (602) for reading charges from the capacitance (600) and for writing charges to the capacitance (600), which transistor can be controlled with a control voltage (VPP), having a charge store (614) for supplying a control voltage (VPP) which is greater than the external voltage (VEXT), the charge store (614) being able to be charged by the external voltage (VEXT), and the charging of the charge store (614) being able to be controlled by a charging control frequency (fCC) derived from the operating frequency (fCLK) of the memory module.

Abstract: The imaging system provides assistance during the positioning of a measuring tip as it is placed onto a contact region of a microchip, in order to measure an on-chip signal. The contact region is imaged in a magnified fashion. An insertion device is provided that is suitable for providing a display of the on-chip signal in the imaging plane.

Abstract: The memory cells of a DRAM are refreshed such that the temporal sequence of the control signals for triggering the information refresh operation for the individual memory cells is set in accordance with the respective maximum retention time for the information in the memory cell.

Abstract: In order to be able to determine precisely a temperature of a semiconductor chip, in particular a semiconductor memory, during active operation, a temperature-dependent diode structure of the chip is connected to four chip terminals using four-conductor connection technology. In this manner, an inexpensive and accurate measuring mechanism is provided for measuring the temperature.