Abstract: According to an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a computer-implemented method for designing a three dimensional modeled object in a three dimensional scene, wherein the method comprises the steps of: providing a first curve; duplicating the first curve to obtain a second curve; determining a set of at least one starting point belonging to the first curve; determining a set of at least one target point belonging to the second curve, each target point being associated at least one starting point; linking the relevant points with their associated target points by using at least a connecting curve.

Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided a computer-implemented method for designing a three dimensional modeled object in a three dimensional scene, wherein the method comprises the steps of: providing (300) a first curve; duplicating (301) the first curve to obtain a second curve; determining (302) a set of at least one starting point belonging to the first curve; determining (303) a set of at least one target point belonging to the second curve, each target point being associated at least one starting point; linking (304) the relevant points with their associated target points by using at least a connecting curve.

Abstract: Aqueous storage-stable, non-sedimenting photoinitiator suspensions comprising (a) a mono- or bis-acylphosphine oxide of formula (I), wherein R1 is C1-C20alkyl; C2-C20alkyl interrupted by one or more O atoms; C1-C12alkoxy; phenyl-C1-C4alkyl; or phenyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by C1C20alkyl, C1-C12alkoxy, halogen, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, C2-C12alkenyl, C2-C18alkyl interrupted by one or more O atoms, and/or by phenyl-C1-C4alkyl; or R1 is biphenylyl; R2 is an aromatic radical or has one of the meanings give for R1; R3 and R4 are each independently of the other C1-C12alkyl, C1-C12alkoxy or halogen; and R5 is hydrogen, C1-C12alkyl, C1-C12alkoxy or halogen; (b) a dispersant; and (c) water are suitable especially in the photopolymerisation of aqueous formulations comprising ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of protecting wood against light-induced degradation by treatment with an impregnation which penetrates the surface of the wood comprising a) water without an organic solvent and b) a selected sterically hindered amine N-oxyl or N-hydroxyl. A further subject is the use of a sterically hindered amine N-oxyl or N-hydroxyl for the stabilization of wood.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of strongly adherent coatings on an inorganic or organic substrate that comprises, in a first step a) subjecting the inorganic or organic substrate to the action of a low-temperature plasma discharge, a corona discharge, high-energy UV radiation or electron radiation, then discontinuing the radiation or discharge; in a further step b) under vacuum or at normal pressure, applying one or more photoinitiators containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group to the inorganic or organic substrate, and allowing reaction with the free-radical sites formed there; and c1) coating the substrate so precoated with photoinitiator with a composition comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer or oligomer, and curing the coating by means of UV/VIS radiation or c2) depositing a metal, semi-metal oxide or metal oxide from the gaseous phase, in the presence of UV light, on the substrate so precoated with photoinitiator.

Abstract: Photoinitiator combinations comprising at least one compound of formula (I)  wherein R1 is C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy or halogen; R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy or halogen; R3 is, for example, C1-C20alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl-C1-C4alkyl, naphthyl or biphenylyl or an O-, S- or N-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; and at least one compound of formula (II)  wherein R1 and R2 are as defined above; R9 is, for example, C1-C20alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl-C1-C4alkyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl or an O-, S- or N-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; and R10 is, for example, C1-C20alkyl, C2-C20alkyl interrupted by one or more O atoms, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl-C1-C4alkyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl or an O-, S- or N-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; are reactive photohardeners causing only a low degree of yellowing in the cured substrates.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I 1

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is C1-C4alkyl, R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy and R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, C1-C20alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, C2-C12alkenyl, C2-C18alkyl which is interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, or are phenyl-substituted C1-C4alkyl, or are phenyl which is unsubstituted or is mono- or disubstituted by C1-C4alkyl and/or C1-C4alkoxy, with the provisos that at least one of the radicals R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 is other than hydrogen and that, if R1 and R2 are methyl, R3 and R6 are not methyl, and mixtures of such compounds with &agr;-hydroxy ketones, benzophenones and &agr;-amino ketones, are suitable as photoinitiators.

Abstract: Photoinitiator combinations comprising

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I in which R1 is C1-C4alkyl, R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy and R3, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, C1-C20alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, C2-C12alkenyl, C2-C18 alkyl which is interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, or are phenyl-substituted C1-C4alkyl, or are phenyl which is unsubstituted or is mono- or disubstituted by C1-C4alkyl and/or C1-C4alkoxy, with the provisos that at least one of the radicals R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 is other than hydrogen and that, if R1 and R2 are methyl, R3 and R6 are not methyl, and mixtures of such compounds with &agr;-hydroxy ketones, benzophenones and &agr;-amino ketones, are suitable as photoinitiators.

Abstract: Photoinitiator combinations comprising at least one compound of formula (I) R1 is C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy or halogen; R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy or halogen; R3 is, for example, C1-C20alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl-C1-C4alkyl, naphthyl or biphenylyl or an O—, S— or N-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; and at least one compound of formula (II) R1 and R2 are as defined above; R9 is, for example, C1-C20alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl-C1-C4alkyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl or an O—, S— or N-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; and R10 is, for example, C1-C20alkyl, C2-C20alkyl interrupted by one or more O atoms, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl-C1-C4alkyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl or an O—, S— or N-containing 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; are reactive photo hardeners causing only a low degree of yellowing in the cured substrates.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are, for example, a group of the formula II ##STR2## R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 independently of one another are, for example, hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, OR.sub.8, SR.sub.9, NR.sub.10 R.sub.11, halogen or phenyl; R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R.sub.11 independently of one another are, for example, hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl; R.sub.12 is, for example, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl; R.sub.13 is, for example, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl; R.sub.14 is, for example, hydrogen; Y is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 alkenylene, C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 alkynylene or cyclohexylene, or is phenylene or C.sub.4 -C.sub.40 alkylene interrupted one or more times by --O--, --S-- or --NR.sub.15 --, or Y is a group of the formula III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X or XI ##STR3## Y.sub.1 is as defined for Y with the exception of the formula V; R.sub.15 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or phenyl; and R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy and R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkyl which is interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, or are phenyl-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or are phenyl which is unsubstituted or is mono- or disubstituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy with the provisos that at least one of the radicals R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 is other than hydrogen and that, if R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are methyl, R.sub.3 and R.sub.6 are not methyl, and mixtures of such compounds with .alpha.-hydroxy ketones, benzophenones and .alpha.-amino ketones, are suitable as photoinitiators.

Abstract: Alkoxyphenyl-substituted bisacylphosphine oxides of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and are a radical of the formula II ##STR2## n which R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 independently of one another are C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy,R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy or halogen, andR.sub.3 is a radical of the formula III ##STR3## in which R.sub.9 through R.sub.12 are hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy, are suitable for the photopolymerization of compounds containing ethylenically unsaturated double bonds.

Abstract: Molecular complex compounds comprising a mono-, bis- or trisacylphosphine oxide compound with an .alpha.-hydroxy ketone compound are suitable as photoinitiators for the photopolymerization of free-radically polymerizable compounds.

Abstract: A wiper arm for a lift-controlled windshield wiper device, in particular for an automotive vehicle, includes a coupling member that is also a component of a multiple joint assembly effecting lift control. A drive lever and a control lever are pivotably mounted on the coupling. The proposed improvement ensures that the wiper arm proximate the multiple joint assembly has a small overall height and can be manufactured at low cost. The coupling member that is part of the wiper arm is made as a sheet metal shaped part and has a profiled cross-section so that the drive lever or the control lever is connected to the coupling member so as to pivot within the height of the cross-section of the coupling member.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulaRG--A--INwherein IN is a photoinitiator basic structure A is a spacer group and RG is a functional reactive group can be employed as coreactive photoinitiators for photo-polymerization of systems containing ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition comprising (a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated photopolymerizable compound, and (b) alkoxyphenyl-substituted bisacylphosphine oxides of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and are a radical of the formula II ##STR2## in which R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 independently of one another are C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy, andR.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy or halogen,R.sub.3 is a radical of the formula III ##STR3## in which R.sub.9 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkenyl, --CF.sub.3 or ##STR4## or R.sub.9 is a radical of the formula IV or V ##STR5## in which X is for example C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkylene, C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 alkenylene or is xylylene,R.sub.10 is for example hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulaRG--A--INwhereinIN is a photoinitiator basic structureA is a spacer group andRG is a functional reactive group can be employed as coreactive photoinitiators for photopolymerization of systems containing ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: n and m are independently of one another 0 or 1,R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and X are as defined in claim 1,are suitable as photoinitiators for the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.