Abstract: A filter system is for the local attenuation of X-radiation. In an embodiment, the filter system includes a filter device, arranged in a beam path of an X-ray apparatus and including a channel arrangement, the channel arrangement including a multiplicity of channel sections extending in parallel on a plane; a supply device to provide a 2-phase fluid flow containing drops of an absorber liquid, to absorb X-radiation and a carrier liquid transparent to X-radiation; and a sorting section, including an input connected to the supply device, a first output connected to the channel arrangement, a second output, and a deflection device to direct individual drops of the absorber liquid to the first output or the second output.

Abstract: A filter system is for the local attenuation of X-radiation. In an embodiment, the filter system includes a filter device, arranged in a beam path of an X-ray apparatus and including a channel arrangement, the channel arrangement including a multiplicity of channel sections extending in parallel on a plane; a supply device to provide a 2-phase fluid flow containing drops of an absorber liquid, to absorb X-radiation and a carrier liquid transparent to X-radiation; and a sorting section, including an input connected to the supply device, a first output connected to the channel arrangement, a second output, and a deflection device to direct individual drops of the absorber liquid to the first output or the second output.

Abstract: A scattered radiation grid for an x-ray imaging is disclosed. In an embodiment, the scattered radiation grid includes alternately arranged layers permeable to x-ray radiation and absorbing x-ray radiation. The layers absorbing the x-ray radiation are formed from an amorphous material. Further, a method is disclosed for using an amorphous metal for the layers of a scattered radiation grid absorbing the x-ray radiation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to generating energy. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods for burning a reaction gas with an electropositive metal. An method for generating energy may include: supplying a reaction gas and an electropositive metal separately to at least one nozzle; wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, zinc, mixtures, and/or alloys thereof; burning the reaction gas with the electropositive metal; and coverting the reaction gas before or during burning at least temporarily into a plasma.

Abstract: A scattered radiation grid for an x-ray imaging is disclosed. In an embodiment, the scattered radiation grid includes alternately arranged layers permeable to x-ray radiation and absorbing x-ray radiation. The layers absorbing the x-ray radiation are formed from an amorphous material. Further, a method is disclosed for using an amorphous metal for the layers of a scattered radiation grid absorbing the x-ray radiation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to generating energy. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods for burning a reaction gas with an electropositive metal. An method for generating energy may include: supplying a reaction gas and an electropositive metal separately to at least one nozzle; wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, zinc, mixtures, and/or alloys thereof; burning the reaction gas with the electropositive metal; and coverting the reaction gas before or during burning at least temporarily into a plasma.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a device and to a method for concentrating and detecting cells in flowing media, in particular magnetically marked cells in complex media such as blood. For this purpose, at least one magnet is used, said magnet being coupled to at least one magnetoresistance. In the method the cells are concentrated on a magnetoresistor by the least one external magnetic field having a pulsed operation.

Abstract: An arrangement for modifying the local intensity of x-ray radiation includes an x-ray filter with a plurality of absorption chambers, which may be filled by a ferrofluid. The absorption chambers are stacked in the x-ray beam direction. The x-ray filter includes a plurality of storage containers in which the ferrofluid may be stored. Each of the absorption chambers is connected to a respective one of the storage containers. The absorption of the x-ray radiation is achieved as a result of individual absorption chambers being filled with the ferrofluid. By filling a different number of absorption chambers, the local intensity of the x-ray radiation may be modified easily, precisely and quickly.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for filtering radio-frequency electromagnetic beams, in particular x-rays, include a fluid container containing a ferrofluid which at least partially absorbs the electromagnetic beams. A distribution of the ferrofluid within the fluid container can be varied by using an applied magnetic gradient field. An irradiation apparatus and a device for irradiating an object are also provided.

Abstract: An arrangement for modifying the local intensity of x-ray radiation includes an x-ray filter with a plurality of absorption chambers, which may be filled by a ferrofluid. The absorption chambers are stacked in the x-ray beam direction. The x-ray filter includes a plurality of storage containers in which the ferrofluid may be stored. Each of the absorption chambers is connected to a respective one of the storage containers. The absorption of the x-ray radiation is achieved as a result of individual absorption chambers being filled with the ferrofluid. By filling a different number of absorption chambers, the local intensity of the x-ray radiation may be modified easily, precisely and quickly.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for filtering radio-frequency electromagnetic beams, in particular x-rays, include a fluid container containing a ferrofluid which at least partially absorbs the electromagnetic beams. A distribution of the ferrofluid within the fluid container can be varied by using an applied magnetic gradient field. An irradiation apparatus and a device for irradiating an object are also provided.

Abstract: Sensor apparatus (1) for determining at least one biochemical function of a fluid (F) with at least one magnetoelastic capillary tube (2) through which the fluid (F) is conveyed, wherein a resonant frequency (fR) of the magnetoelastic capillary tube (2), which depends on a surface loading of the inner wall of the magnetoelastic capillary tube (2) by the fluid (F) conveyed through the tube is able to be read out in a non-contact manner for determining the biochemical function of the fluid (F).

Abstract: A method and a device for determining the flow rate of magnetic or ferromagnetic particles in a suspension that flows through control chambers are provided. The magnetic flux F1 is measured as a function of time t using a measuring coil that surrounds a first control chamber, the magnetic flux representing a measurement, at a particular time, of the quantity of magnetic particles contained in the suspension. In a second control chamber, at a predetermined distance d from the first control chamber, the magnetic flux F2 is measured as a function of time t using a second measuring coil that surrounds the second control chamber and the measurements F1 (t) and F2 (t) are compared to produce a temporal distance ?t which is used together with the predetermined distance d to calculate the flow rate. The method and device can be used, for example, in an ore mining installation.

Abstract: A magnetic flow cytometry apparatus for detection of cells labeled with magnetic nanoparticles has at least one pair of oppositely oriented magnets to provide between the magnets a first magnetic field region with a low magnetic field strength and to provide at poles of the magnets second magnetic field regions with a high magnetic field strength. The magnetic labeled cells provided within a flow input into the magnetic flow cytometry apparatus are enriched in at least one of the second magnetic field regions and supplied to the first magnetic field region, where a magnetic field is applied to the enriched magnetic labeled cells to measure the magnetic relaxation of the magnetic labeled cells in response to the applied magnetic field.

Abstract: In a method for measurement of very small local magnetic fields, in particular of local magnetic stray fields produced by magnetic beads, at least one magnetoresistive element is used. The element includes a hard-magnetic reference layer and a soft-magnetic sensor layer, whose magnetization can be rotated to a parallel position or an antiparallel position with respect to the reference layer magnetization, and whose output signal which can be tapped off is dependent on the position of the sensor layer magnetization with respect to the reference layer magnetization.

Abstract: According to at least one embodiment of the invention, at least two excitation fields with frequencies capable of being differently prescribed act on the object in the examination space, with the gradient field approximately vanishing in the examination space. In another embodiment, an arrangement includes a Maxwell coil pair for generating an inhomogeneous magnetic field with a prescribable magnetic field gradient, at least one device for exciting two auxiliary fields with different frequencies and a detection coil for recording the response signal.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for removing CO2 from smoke or exhaust gas of a combustion process in a power plant are provided. The exhaust gases comprising CO2 are fed into a tank in which cellular organisms, such as micro algae, are present, converting the CO2 into biomass when nutrients are added. The micro algae and/or the generated biomass have magnetic particles added, which combines with the algae and/or the biomass.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a plurality of magnetic tunneling junction stacks, each magnetic tunneling junction stack including a reference layer, a barrier layer and a free layer, wherein the plurality of magnetic tunneling junction stacks share a continuous common reference layer.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides an integrated circuit having a cell. The cell includes a first magnetic layer structure having a first magnetization along a first axis, a non-magnetic spacer layer structure disposed above the first magnetic layer structure, and a second magnetic layer structure disposed above the non-magnetic spacer layer structure. The second magnetic layer structure has a second magnetization along a second axis that is arranged in an angle with regard to the first axis such that by changing the direction of the second magnetization, the direction of the first magnetization along the first axis can be determined.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a plurality of magnetic tunneling junction stacks, each magnetic tunneling junction stack including a reference layer, a barrier layer and a free layer, wherein the plurality of magnetic tunneling junction stacks share a continuous common reference layer.