Abstract: An apparatus that provides an electronic image of areas around sides and rear of a large tractor trailer rig produced on a weatherproof screen that is located on the lower portion of the driver's side mirror. One (1) camera would be located on the rear of the trailer in a center mounted position, while another camera would be located on a passenger side near the front of the vehicle so that it can see the entire side of the vehicle. The cameras would be equipped with fixed wide-angle lenses. The video signal from each camera would be routed to an automatic switcher that displays each signal for a pre-determined time or allows for the manual selection of either camera on a permanent basis. The video signal is then displayed on the weatherproof monitor portion of the side view mirror. In such a manner the truck driver can look at the mirror and the monitor in order to see all three (3) sides of the vehicle at once.

Abstract: A process for treating a tobacco material comprising: (a) extracting a tobacco material with a solvent to produce a tobacco extract and a tobacco residue; (b) contacting the tobacco extract with an antioxidant; and (c) contacting the mixture of (b) with an antioxidant scavenger, to produce a treated tobacco extract. The treated tobacco extract is reapplied to the tobacco residue to form a treated tobacco material. In addition, a smoking composition, a smoking article and a smokeless tobacco oral delivery product contain the treated tobacco material.

Abstract: An electrically heated smoking system is provided, including a secondary unit capable of receiving a smoking article having an aerosol-forming substrate. The secondary unit includes at least one heating element and an interface for connection to a primary power supply, and further includes a secondary power supply and secondary circuitry. The secondary circuitry is arranged to control supply of electrical power from the secondary power supply to the at least one heating element: (a) in a pre-heating mode during which the substrate temperature is increased to an operating temperature; (b) in a smoking mode, during which the substrate temperature is maintained at substantially the operating temperature; and (c) in a charging mode, so that the secondary power supply has sufficient charge to increase the substrate temperature to the operating temperature in the pre-heating mode and to maintain the substrate temperature at substantially the operating temperature during the smoking mode.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the location of a location tracking device, employs a satellite based location determining infrastructure and a wireless data communications network. A location tracking device which cannot easily obtain valid ephemeris data from the satellite based location, determining infrastructure, requests the necessary data from a data set stored at a tracking device hub via the wireless communications network. The tracking device hub determines and transmits an estimated position of the location tracking device to the location tracking device, along with the appropriate required valid ephemeris data, to allow the location tracking device to determine its location. If the location tracking device is still unable to make a location determination from the satellite based location determining infrastructure, then the estimated location can be provided.

Abstract: Described herein are various systems and methods for managing carbon credits. For example, in some embodiments a lottery is used as a means for distributing carbon credits to consumers, optionally to feed a retail-level carbon market. It will be appreciated from the discussion herein that such an approach leverages general notions whereby lotteries have been traditionally used as a vehicle for funding public works.

Abstract: A process for treating a tobacco material comprising: (a) extracting a tobacco material with a solvent to produce a tobacco extract and a tobacco residue; (b) contacting the tobacco extract with an antioxidant; and (c) contacting the mixture of (b) with an antioxidant scavenger, to produce a treated tobacco extract. The treated tobacco extract is reapplied to the tobacco residue to form a treated tobacco material. In addition, a smoking composition, a smoking article and a smokeless tobacco oral delivery product contain the treated tobacco material.

Abstract: Methods for increasing the concentration of antioxidants during senescence and curing of tobacco leaves include application of a chemical solution. The methods include spraying the solution onto the tobacco plant prior to harvest and/or applying the chemical solution to the soil surrounding roots of growing tobacco plants. The application of the chemical solution preferably occurs between topping and harvest, and is optimized to stimulate the production of antioxidants and interfere with the formation of TSNAs during curing. The tobacco can be burley tobacco subjected to air curing.

Abstract: A rotary transformer configured to be installed about a rotatably movable shaft, the rotary transformer including, an annular inner core and an annular outer core for transmitting electrical energy via electromagnetic induction between the inner core and the outer core, which are coaxially mounted such that an inner surface of the outer core is capable of rotating opposite an outer surface of the inner core, wherein the inner core consists of a plurality of inner-core disjointed portions, which are assembled together by a first attachment, and wherein the outer core consists of a plurality of outer-core disjointed portions which are assembled together by a second attachment.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the location of a location tracking device, employs a satellite based location determining infrastructure and a wireless data communications network. A location tracking device which cannot easily obtain valid ephemeris data from the satellite based location, determining infrastructure, requests the necessary data from a data set stored at a tracking device hub via the wireless communications network. The tracking device hub determines and transmits an estimated position of the location tracking device to the location tracking device, along with the appropriate required valid ephemeris data, to allow the location tracking device to determine its location. If the location tracking device is still unable to make a location determination from the satellite based location determining infrastructure, then the estimated location can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and system of gaming where players contribute money to win a prize and a part of the money is allocated for public benefit such as charities and other welfare causes. The system gives the player control over certain features such as selecting a cause.

Abstract: Described herein are various systems and methods for providing gaming activities, these particularly relating to gaming activities where a plurality of players provide respective entry fees. Traditional gaming activities necessarily involve the player putting his or her entry fee at risk. The present invention, at least in some of its preferred forms, modifies the traditional approaches of operating such gaming activities so that the player's entry fee is not necessarily placed entirely at risk. Indeed, in some embodiments a player is provided with an option to participate on the basis that his or her entry fee is wholly refundable while retaining the opportunity to win prizes, potentially alongside more risky though still modified participation by other players.

Abstract: A method of controlling operation of a diffusion appliance to treat the atmosphere within an enclosed space. The method may include programming the operation of the appliance according to a control scheme specifying a flow rate of liquid to a diffusion means and a periodic operation of the diffusion means. Control schemes may be associated with different volumes of spaces to be treated by the appliance, the rate of decay of the liquid within the space to be treated and the level of concentration of the liquid desired within the space.

Abstract: A device for controlling positioning of variable-geometry equipment of a turbomachine, including a computer, an actuator of variable geometry driven by the computer, and a drive train, the actuator including moving parts including a sensor for measuring its elongation, the drive train being connected at one of its ends to a point of attachment of the moving parts and at another end to a point of attachment of the equipment, the point of attachment moving under action of the actuator along a travel limited by an end stop and the drive train being elastically deformable under the action of the actuator when the point of attachment is against the end stop. An elongation instruction supplied by the computer to the moving parts is defined as a difference with respect to the value of the elongation of the moving parts that corresponds to contact between the point of attachment and the end stop.

Abstract: A method and system of controlling operation of a diffusion appliance to treat the atmosphere within an enclosed space. The appliance may be programmed to operate according to a control scheme specifying a flow rate of liquid to a diffusion means and a periodic operation of the diffusion means. Control schemes may be associated with different volumes of spaces to be treated by the appliance. Anti-fatigue schemes may provide variation of the flow rate or periodic operation of the appliance. Initiation controls schemes may be used to start treatment of the space before the appliance is programmed to operate according to one of the control schemes.

Abstract: A malware detection and response system based on traffic pattern anomalies detection is provided, whereby packets associated with a variety of protocols on each port of a network element are counted distinctly for each direction. Such packets include: ARP requests, TCP/SYN requests and acknowledgements, TCP/RST packets, DNS/NETBEUI name lookups, out-going ICMP packets, UDP packets, etc. When a packet causes an individual count or combination of counts to exceed a threshold, appropriate action is taken. The system can be incorporated into the fast path, that is, the data plane, enabling communications systems such as switches, routers, and DSLAMs to have built-in security at a very low cost.

Abstract: A malware detection and response system based on traffic pattern anomalies detection is provided, whereby packets associated with a variety of protocols on each port of a network element are counted distinctly for each direction. Such packets include: ARP requests, TCP/SYN requests and acknowledgements, TCP/RST packets, DNS/NETBEUI name lookups, out-going ICMP packets, UDP packets, etc. When a packet causes an individual count or combination of counts to exceed a threshold, appropriate action is taken. The system can be incorporated into the fast path, that is, the data plane, enabling communications systems such as switches, routers, and DSLAMs to have built-in security at a very low cost.

Abstract: An apparatus that provides an electronic image of areas around sides and rear of a large tractor trailer rig produced on a weatherproof screen that is located on the lower portion of the driver's side mirror. One (1) camera would be located on the rear of the trailer in a center mounted position, while another camera would be located on a passenger side near the front of the vehicle so that it can see the entire side of the vehicle. The cameras would be equipped with fixed wide-angle lenses. The video signal from each camera would be routed to an automatic switcher that displays each signal for a pre-determined time or allows for the manual selection of either camera on a permanent basis. The video signal is then displayed on the weatherproof monitor portion of the side view mirror. In such a manner the truck driver can look at the mirror and the monitor in order to see all three (3) sides of the vehicle at once.

Abstract: Methods to detect rogue access points (APs) and prevent unauthorized wireless access to services provided by a communication network are provided. A mobile station (MS) reports to a serving AP the received signal strength (RSS) for all APs in the area it travels. The serving AP detect a rogue AP based on inconsistencies perceived in the RSS reports, assessed during the handover phase or whilst the communication is active.

Abstract: A method and system of controlling operation of a diffusion appliance to treat the atmosphere within an enclosed space. The appliance may be programmed to operate according to a control scheme specifying a flow rate of liquid to a diffusion means and a periodic operation of the diffusion means. Control schemes may be associated with different volumes of spaces to be treated by the appliance. Anti-fatigue schemes may provide variation of the flow rate or periodic operation of the appliance. Initiation controls schemes may be used to start treatment of the space before the appliance is programmed to operate according to one of the control schemes.

Abstract: A process for treating a tobacco material comprising: (a) extracting a tobacco material with a solvent to produce a tobacco extract and a tobacco residue; (b) contacting the tobacco extract with an antioxidant; and (c) contacting the mixture of (b) with an antioxidant scavenger, to produce a treated tobacco extract. The treated tobacco extract is reapplied to the tobacco residue to form a treated tobacco material. In addition, a smoking composition, a smoking article and a smokeless tobacco oral delivery product contain the treated tobacco material.