Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include package substrates and methods of forming such substrates. In an embodiment, a package substrate comprises a core, a first layer over the core, where the first layer comprises a metal, and a second layer over the first layer, where the second layer comprises an electrical insulator. In an embodiment, the package substrate further comprises a third layer over the second layer, where the third layer comprises a dielectric material, and where an edge of the core extends past edges of the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to systems, apparatuses, or processes for forming a silicide and a silicon nitrate layer between a copper feature and dielectric to reduce delamination of the dielectric. Embodiments allow an unroughened surface for the copper feature to reduce the insertion loss for transmission lines that go through the unroughened surface of the copper. Embodiments may include sequential interlayers between a dielectric and copper. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Substrate assemblies having adhesion promotor layers and related methods are disclosed. An example package assembly includes a substrate, a dielectric layer and a conductive layer between the substrate and the dielectric layer. The conductive layer has a surface roughness of less than 1 micrometer (?m). A film is provided between the dielectric layer and the conductive layer, and between exposed surfaces of the substrate adjacent the conductive layer and the dielectric layer. The film including silicon and nitrogen and being substantially free of hydrogen.

Abstract: High-density IC die package routing structures with one or more nitrided surfaces. Metallization features may be formed, for example with a plating process. Following the plating process, a surface of the metallization features may be exposed to a surface treatment that incorporates nitrogen onto a surface of the metallization. The presence of nitrogen may chemically improve adhesion between finely patterned metallization features and package dielectric material. Accordingly, surface roughness of metallization features may be reduced without suffering delamination. With lower surface roughness, metallization features may transmit higher frequency data signals with lower insertion loss.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to systems, apparatuses, or processes directed to an organic adhesion promoter layer on the surface of a copper trace to reduce delamination between a dielectric material and the surface of the copper trace, and to facilitate a smooth surface interface between the surface of the copper trace and of a copper feature, such as a copper-filled via, placed on the surface of the copper trace. The smooth surface interface reduces insertion loss and enables routing of higher frequency signals on a package, and does not require roughing of the copper trace in order to adhere to the dielectric material. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Techniques for thin-film resistors in vias are disclosed. In the illustrative embodiment, thin-film resistors are formed in through-glass vias of a glass substrate of an interposer. The thin-film resistors do not take up a significant amount of area on a layer of the interposer, as the thin-film resistor extends vertically through a via rather than horizontally on a layer of the interposer. The thin-film resistors may be used for any suitable purpose, such as power dissipation or voltage control, current control, as a pull-up or pull-down resistor, etc.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include electronic packages. In an embodiment, an electronic package comprises a package substrate with a plurality of first layers, where the first layers comprise an organic material. In an embodiment, a trace is embedded in the package substrate. In an embodiment, a second layer is over the trace, where the second layer comprises silicon, nitrogen, and a catalyst, and where the second layer is chemically bonded to one of the first layers.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include electronic packages. In an embodiment, the electronic package comprises a package substrate with a plurality of first layers, where the first layers comprise an organic material. In an embodiment, a trace is embedded in the package substrate. In an embodiment, a second layer is over the trace, where the second layer comprises silicon and nitrogen, and wherein the second layer is chemically bonded to one of the first layers by an oxygen containing ligand and/or a nitrogen containing ligand.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include an electronic package. In an embodiment, the electronic package comprises a package substrate with a plurality of first layers, where the first layers comprise an organic material. In an embodiment, a trace is embedded in the package substrate, and a second layer is over the trace, where the second layer comprises silicon and nitrogen.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include electronic packages and methods of forming such packages. In an embodiment, an electronic package comprises a package substrate, a first die over the package substrate, the first die having a first bump pitch, a second die over the package substrate, the second die having a second bump pitch that is greater than the first bump pitch, and a plurality of conductive traces over the package substrate, the plurality of conductive traces electrically coupling the first die to the second die. In an embodiment, a first end region of the plurality of conductive traces proximate to the first die has a first line space (L/S) dimension, and a second end region of the plurality of conductive traces proximate to the second die has a second L/S dimension. In an embodiment, the second L/S dimension is greater than the first L/S dimension.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein may be related to apparatuses, processes, and techniques related to glass layers within a package that include one or more high aspect ratio TGV that are filled with conductive material. The TGV extends from a first side of the glass layer to a second side of the glass layer opposite the first side and are filled with conductive material to provide a high-quality electrical connection between the first side of the glass layer and the second side of the glass layer, where a portion of the wall of the TGV includes titanium. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Glass substrates having transverse capacitors for use with semiconductor packages and related methods are disclosed. An example semiconductor package includes a glass substrate having a through glass via between a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. A transverse capacitor is located in the through glass via. The transverse capacitor includes a dielectric material positioned in a first portion of the through glass via, a first barrier/seed layer positioned in a second portion of the through glass via, and a first conductive material positioned in a third portion of the through glass via.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein may be related to apparatuses, processes, and techniques directed to embedding capacitors in through glass vias within a glass core of a substrate. In embodiments, the through glass vias may extend entirely from a first side of the glass core to a second side of the glass core opposite the first side. Layers of electrically conductive material and dielectric material may then be deposited within the through glass via to form a capacitor. the capacitor may then be electrically coupled with electrical routings on buildup layers on either side of the glass core. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to improve adhesion between metals and dielectrics in circuit devices are disclosed. An apparatus includes a metal layer, a dielectric layer adjacent the metal layer, and a polymeric bonding layer at an interface between the metal layer and the dielectric layer. A polymer molecule in the polymeric bonding layer including an R1 group, an R2 group, and a polymer chain extending between the R1 group and the R2 group. The R1 group is different than the R2 group. The polymeric bonding layer is bonded to the metal layer via the R1 group. The polymeric bonding layer is bonded to the dielectric layer via the R2 group.

Abstract: Embodiments include package substrates and a method of forming the package substrates. A package substrate includes a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) layer over a first dielectric, where the SAM layer includes first end groups and second end groups. The second end groups may include a plurality of hydrophobic moieties. The package substrate also includes a conductive pad on the first dielectric, where the conductive pad has a bottom surface, a top surface, and a sidewall, and where the SAM layer surrounds and contacts a surface of the sidewall of the conductive pad. The hydrophobic moieties may include fluorinated moieties. The conductive pad includes a copper material, where the top surface of the conductive pad has a surface roughness that is approximately equal to a surface roughness of the as-plated copper material. The SAM layer may have a thickness that is approximately 0.1 nm to 20 nm.

Abstract: An electronic substrate may be formed having at least one metal-to-dielectric adhesion promotion material layer therein. The electronic substrate may comprise a conductive metal trace, a dielectric material layer on the conductive metal trace, and the adhesion promotion material layer between the conductive metal trace and the dielectric material layer, wherein the adhesion promotion material layer comprises an organic adhesion material and a metal constituent dispersed within the organic adhesion material, wherein a metal within the metal constituent has a standard reduction potential greater than a standard reduction potential of the conductive metal trace.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein are directed to interfacial layers and techniques of forming such interfacial layers. An interfacial layer having one or more light absorbing molecules is on a metal layer. The light absorbing molecule(s) may comprise a moiety exhibiting light absorbing properties. The interfacial layer can assist with improving adhesion of a resist layer to the metal layer and with improving use of one or more lithography techniques to fabricate interconnects and/or features using the resist and metal layers for a package substrate, a semiconductor package, or a PCB. For one embodiment, the interfacial layer includes, but is not limited to, an organic interfacial layer. Examples of organic interfacial layers include, but are not limited to, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), constructs and/or variations of SAMs, organic adhesion promotor moieties, and non-adhesion promoter moieties.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) package substrate, comprising a metallization level within a dielectric material. The metallization level comprises a plurality of conductive features, each having a top surface and a sidewall surface. The top surface of a first conductive feature of the plurality of conductive features has a first average surface roughness, and the sidewall surface of a second conductive feature of the plurality of conductive features has a second average surface roughness that is less than the first average surface roughness.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure describe techniques for providing an apparatus with a substrate provided with plasma treatment. In some instances, the apparatus may include a substrate with a surface that comprises a metal layer to provide signal routing in the apparatus. The metal layer may be provided in response to a plasma treatment of the surface with a functional group containing a gas (e.g., nitrogen-based gas), to provide absorption of a transition metal catalyst into the surface, and subsequent electroless plating of the surface with a metal. The transition metal catalyst is to enhance electroless plating of the surface with the metal. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: An electronic substrate may be fabricated by forming a base substrate and forming an inductor extending through the base substrate, wherein the inductor includes a magnetic material layer and a barrier layer, such that the barrier layer prevents the magnetic material layer from leaching into plating solutions during the fabrication of the electronic substrate. In one embodiment, the barrier material may comprise titanium. In another embodiment, the barrier layer may comprise a polymeric material. In still another embodiment, the barrier layer may comprise a nitride material layer. The inductor may further include a plating seed layer on the barrier layer and a conductive fill material abutting the plating seed layer.