Abstract: A testing system for a modulator includes a radio frequency (RF) generator, an optical power meter, and an electrical power meter. The RF generator is configured to generate and provide a first plurality of RF signals and a second plurality of RF signals, wherein the first plurality of RF signals and the second plurality of RF signals are associated with a plurality of frequencies. The optical power meter is configured to measure an optical power of an output optical signal, which is modulated by the modulator based on the first plurality of RF signals, to facilitate determination of a transmission response measurement of the modulator for each frequency of the plurality of frequencies. The electrical power meter is configured to measure a portion of each RF signal of the second plurality of RF signals to facilitate determination of a reflectance response measurement of the modulator for each frequency.

Abstract: A handle assembly for a door or window comprises a handle and a second element, installable on opposite sides of the door or window, and a pin element rotatable around a pin rotation axis and insertable into the handle or in the second element at variable depths. The handle assembly further comprises a friction reducing group positioned coaxially to the pin element and positionable between the handle and the door or window in the axial direction of the pin rotation axis. Clamping devices constrain the handle and/or the second element on the pin element at adjustable distances along the axial direction according to the thickness of the door or window, so that when the handle assembly is installed on the door or window, an axial clamping pressure of the handle and of the second element is maintained on the respective side of the door or window. An installation method of the handle assembly on the door or window is also provided.

Abstract: In some implementations, an electro-optic modulator may include a waveguide to propagate an optical signal in a direction of propagation. The electro-optic modulator may include a signal electrode, associated with the waveguides, to modulate the optical signal. The signal electrode may include a base structure. The signal electrode may include a loading line structure comprising one or more segments, where a segment, of the one or more segments, connects to the base structure via a plurality of electrically-conductive bridges.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator. The modulator is made as a plurality of discrete elements, and adjacent elements abut such that there are no free space optics between adjacent discrete elements. The modulator comprises a radio frequency, RF, element configured to modulate light passing through the element based on an electrical RF input. The plurality of discrete elements comprises a first set of discrete elements fabricated from thin film lithium niobate, TFLN, and a second set of discrete elements fabricated from silicon photonics, SiPh. The first set of discrete elements comprises the RF element.

Abstract: A handle assembly for a door or window comprises a handle and a second element, installable on opposite sides of the door or window, and a pin element rotatable around a pin rotation axis and insertable into the handle or in the second element at variable depths. The handle assembly further comprises a friction reducing group positioned coaxially to the pin element and positionable between the handle and the door or window in the axial direction of the pin rotation axis. Clamping devices constrain the handle and/or the second element on the pin element at adjustable distances along the axial direction according to the thickness of the door or window, so that when the handle assembly is installed on the door or window, an axial clamping pressure of the handle and of the second element is maintained on the respective side of the door or window. An installation method of the handle assembly on the door or window is also provided.

Abstract: A radio frequency, RF, waveguide array. The array comprises a substrate and an electrical RF transmission line array. The substrate comprises a plurality of optical waveguides, each waveguide being elongate in a first direction. The electrical RF transmission line array is located on a face of the substrate and comprises a plurality of RF transmission lines. Each transmission line comprises a signal electrode and at least two ground electrodes located on either side of the signal electrode. Each electrode extends in the first direction. Each signal electrode is positioned to provide a signal to two respective waveguides, i.e. each RF transmission line is positioned adjacent to two respective waveguides. The ground electrodes include at least two intermediate ground electrodes positioned between each pair of signal electrodes. Intermediate ground electrodes of different RF transmission lines are separated from each other by channels.

Abstract: A radio frequency, RF, waveguide array. The array comprises a substrate and an electrical RF transmission line array. The substrate comprises a plurality of waveguides, each waveguide being elongate in a first direction. The electrical RF transmission line array is located on a face of the substrate and comprises a plurality of signal electrodes and at least two ground electrodes. Portions of the ground electrodes which are relatively distal from the signal electrodes have reduced height in the direction transverse to the substrate to reduce the amount of material required to produce them.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator. The modulator is made as a plurality of discrete elements, and adjacent elements abut such that there are no free space optics between adjacent discrete elements. The modulator comprises a radio frequency, RF, element configured to modulate light passing through the element based on an electrical RF input. The plurality of discrete elements comprises a first set of discrete elements fabricated from thin film lithium niobate, TFLN, and a second set of discrete elements fabricated from silicon photonics, SiPh. The first set of discrete elements comprises the RF element.

Abstract: A radio frequency, RF, waveguide array. The array comprises a substrate and an electrical RF transmission line array. The substrate comprises a plurality of optical waveguides, each waveguide being elongate in a first direction. The electrical RF transmission line array is located on a face of the substrate and comprises a plurality of RF transmission lines. Each transmission line comprises a signal electrode and at least two ground electrodes located on either side of the signal electrode. Each electrode extends in the first direction. Each signal electrode is positioned to provide a signal to two respective waveguides, i.e. each RF transmission line is positioned adjacent to two respective waveguides. The ground electrodes include at least two intermediate ground electrodes positioned between each pair of signal electrodes. Intermediate ground electrodes of different RF transmission lines are separated from each other by channels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a folded Mach-Zehnder modulator. The modulator may comprise a beam splitter configured to split an input light beam into a plurality of light beams. The modulator may comprise a plurality of Mach-Zehnder devices configured to receive one or more of the plurality of light beams. The modulator may comprise a U-turn section configured to receive light beams from the Mach-Zehnder devices and to change the direction of the light beams by substantially 180 degrees. The modulator may comprise a polarization management section configured to combine light beams received from the U-turn section and to output a polarization multiplexed phase modulated light beam.

Abstract: A radio frequency, RF, waveguide array. The array comprises a substrate and an electrical RF transmission line array. The substrate comprises a plurality of waveguides, each waveguide being elongate in a first direction. The electrical RF transmission line array is located on a face of the substrate and comprises a plurality of signal electrodes and at least two ground electrodes. Portions of the ground electrodes which are relatively distal from the signal electrodes have reduced height in the direction transverse to the substrate to reduce the amount of material required to produce them.

Abstract: An electro-optic device 200 comprising a substrate in which first and second waveguides 202, 203 are formed. The device also comprises first and second electrodes 204, 205 comprising an optically transparent conductive material and including primary portions 204a, 205a overlying the first and second waveguides 202, 203 for electrically biasing the first and second waveguides. The device is configured such that one of the first and second electrodes includes one other portion 204b, 205b arranged alongside the primary portion 204a, 205a of the other of the first and second electrodes. This arrangement improves the electro-optic efficiency of the device without the need for a buffer layer in the electrodes.

Abstract: Provided are crystalline forms of N-[4-[2-(2-amino-4, 7-dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]ben-zoyl]-L-glutamic acid, pemetrexed diacid, and processes for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Vehicle restraints and fence systems that offer better protection to the driver and vehicle in the event of an accident where the car becomes airborne and leaves the road or track, and catch fences for halting the overrun of a car leaving a racetrack. The catch fences may have pivotable poles and a cable extending between the poles. Net or fencing is installed between the poles, supported by the cable. The poles may be angled or curved, with a plurality of cables extending therebetween or with a net extending from the poles and attached to a Steel and Foam Energy Reduction barrier.

Abstract: Provided are crystalline forms of N-[4-[2-(2-amino-4, 7-dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]ben-zoyl]-L-glutamic acid, pemetrexed diacid, and processes for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Provided are crystalline forms of N-[4-[2-(2-amino-4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]ben-zoyl]-L-glutamic acid, pemetrexed diacid, and processes for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Provided are crystalline forms of N-[4-[2-(2-amino-4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]ben-zoyl]-L-glutamic acid, pemetrexed diacid, and processes for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a folded Mach-Zehnder modulator. The modulator may comprise a beam splitter configured to split an input light beam into a plurality of light beams. The modulator may comprise a plurality of Mach-Zehnder devices configured to receive one or more of the plurality of light beams. The modulator may comprise a U-turn section configured to receive light beams from the Mach-Zehnder devices and to change the direction of the light beams by substantially 180 degrees. The modulator may comprise a polarisation management section configured to combine light beams received from the U-turn section and to output a polarisation multiplexed phase modulated light beam.

Abstract: Provided are crystalline forms of N-[4-[2-(2-amino-4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid, pemetrexed diacid, and processes for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to macro-patterned materials and methods of their use in connection with vehicle arresting systems. Certain embodiments provide 3-D folded materials, honeycombs, lattice structures, and other periodic cellular material structures, that can be used for arresting vehicles. The materials can be engineered to have properties that allow them to reliably crush in a predictable manner under pressure from a vehicle. The materials can be formed into various shapes and combined in various ways in order to provide the desired properties.