Abstract: This patent application relates to a method to generate standardized and robust neuronal cell culture assays from primate species, for example suitable for high-throughput screening of drug candidates. The method includes differentiating human and/or non-human primate neuronal precursor cells (NPCs) to neuronal cells (NCs) and producing uniform NC cultures based on a dissociation and reseeding step performed on the differentiated NCs resulting in robust cultures suitable for high-throughput drug screening assays, in particular to screen antisense oligonucleotides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1? is CH3 R1 is methyl, ethyl, CF3, CH2OH, cyclopropyl or cyano, or R1? and R1 may form together a 1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-thiophen-3-yl ring; R2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, hydroxmethyl, or 2-propyl-2-ol; R3 is Cl, F, CF3, cyano, methyl, methoxy, isopropyl, or cyclopropyl; R4 is hydrogen, methyl, F or Cl; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer thereof. The compounds of formula I may be used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds having the general formula (I) wherein R1, R1?, R2, R3, R4 are as defined herein, compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula and to a pharmaceutically suitable acid addition salt thereof with a good affinity to the trace amine associated receptors (TAARs), especially for TAAR1, for the treatment of certain CNS diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1? is methyl; R1 is methyl, ethyl, CF3, CH2OH, cyclopropyl or cyano, or R1? and R1 may form together a 1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-thiophen-3-yl ring; R2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, or hydroxmethyl; R3 is Cl, F, CF3, methyl, methoxy, or cyclopropyl; R4 is hydrogen, methyl, F or Cl; X is N or CH; Y is N or CH; with the proviso that X and Y are not simultaneously CH; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer. The compounds of formula I may be used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1? is CH3; R1 is CH3, ethyl, CF3, CH2OH, cyclopropyl or cyano, or R1? and R1 may form together a 1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-thiophen-3-yl ring; R2 is hydrogen, CH3, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropyl-methyl or hydroxy-methyl; R3 is hydrogen, Cl, F, CF3, CH3, isopropyl, methoxy, cyano or cyclopropyl; R4 is hydrogen, CH3, F or Cl; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer thereof. The compounds of formula I may be used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1? is CH3 R1 is methyl, ethyl, CF3, CH2OH, cyclopropyl or cyano, or R1? and R1 may form together a 1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-thiophen-3-yl ring; R2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tertbutyl, cyclopropyl or CF3; R3 is Cl, F, CF3, methyl, methoxy, isopropyl or cyclopropyl; R4 is hydrogen, methyl, F or Cl; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer thereof for use in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1? is CH3; R1 is methyl, ethyl, CF3, CH2OH, cyclopropyl or cyano, or R1? and R1 may form together a 1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-thiophen-3-yl ring; R2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tertbutyl, cyclopropyl, hydroxmethyl, or 2-propyl-2-ol; R3 is Cl, F, CF3, methyl, methoxy, isopropyl, cyano or cyclopropyl; R4 is hydrogen, methyl, F or Cl; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer thereof. The compounds of formula I may be used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1? is methyl; R1 is methyl, ethyl, CF3, CH2OH, cyclopropyl or cyano, or R1? and R1 may form together a 1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-thiophen-3-yl ring; R2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, or hydroxmethyl; R3 is Cl, F, CF3, methyl, methoxy, or cyclopropyl; R4 is hydrogen, methyl, F or Cl; X is N or CH; Y is N or CH; with the proviso that X and Y are not simultaneously CH; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer. The compounds of formula I may be used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1? is CH3 R1 is methyl, ethyl, CF3, CH2OH, cyclopropyl or cyano, or R1? and R1 may form together a 1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-thiophen-3-yl ring; R2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, hydroxmethyl, or 2-propyl-2-ol; R3 is Cl, F, CF3, cyano, methyl, methoxy, isopropyl, or cyclopropyl; R4 is hydrogen, methyl, F or Cl; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer thereof. The compounds of formula I may be used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1? is CH3; R1 is methyl, ethyl, CF3, cyclopropyl, CH2OH or R1? and R1 may form together with the carbon atom to which they are attached a 1,1-dioxo-thiolan-3-yl ring; R2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tertbutyl, cyclopropyl, CH2OH or C(CH3)2OH; R3 is Cl, F, CF3, cyano, methyl or cyclopropyl; R4 is hydrogen, methyl or F; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer thereof for use in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1? is CH3 R1 is methyl, ethyl, CF3, CH2OH, cyclopropyl or cyano, or R1? and R1 may form together a 1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-thiophen-3-yl ring; R2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl or cyclopropyl; R3 is Cl, F, CF3, cyano, methyl, methoxy or cyclopropyl; R4 is hydrogen, methyl or F; X is N or CH; Y is N or CH; with the proviso that X and Y are not simultaneously CH; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer thereof. The compounds of formula I may be used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1? is CH3 R1 is methyl, ethyl, CF3, CH2OH, cyclopropyl or cyano, or R1? and R1 may form together a 1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-thiophen-3-yl ring; R2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl or cyclopropyl; R3 is Cl, F, CF3, cyano, methyl, methoxy or cyclopropyl; R4 is hydrogen, methyl or F; X is N or CH; Y is N or CH; with the proviso that X and Y are not simultaneously CH; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer thereof. The compounds of formula I may be used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1? is CH3; R1 is methyl, ethyl, CF3, CH2OH, cyclopropyl or cyano, or R1? and R1 may form together a 1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-thiophen-3-yl ring; R2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tertbutyl, cyclopropyl, hydroxmethyl, or 2-propyl-2-ol; R3 is Cl, F, CF3, methyl, methoxy, isopropyl, cyano or cyclopropyl; R4 is hydrogen, methyl, F or Cl; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer thereof. The compounds of formula I may be used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I wherein R1? is CH3; R1 is methyl, ethyl, CF3, cyclopropyl, CH2OH or R1? and R1 may form together with the carbon atom to which they are attached a 1,1-dioxo-thiolan-3-yl ring; R2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tertbutyl, cyclopropyl, CH2OH or C(CH3)2OH; R3 is Cl, F, CF3, cyano, methyl or cyclopropyl; R4 is hydrogen, methyl or F; or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or acid addition salt, to a racemic mixture, or to its corresponding enantiomer and/or optical isomer and/or stereoisomer thereof for use in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to oligonucleotides that are capable of inducing expression of ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) from the paternal allele in animal or human neurons. The oligonucleotides target the suppressor of the UBE3A paternal allele by hybridization to SNHG14 long non-coding RNA downstream of SNORD109B. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment of Angelman syndrome.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical combination for the treatment of schizophrenia and acute manic episodes associated with bipolar disorders, which comprises a compound which is active on a trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1 agonist) and an antipsychotic drug. This combination can reduce metabolic side effects which appear if using an antipsychotic drug alone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical combination for the treatment of schizophrenia and acute manic episodes associated with bipolar disorders, which comprises a compound which is active on a trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1 agonist) and an antipsychotic drug. This combination can reduce metabolic side effects which appear if using an antipsychotic drug alone.

Abstract: The invention relates to nematodes as model organisms for the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular, Parkinsons disease, uses and methods for the discovery of substances and genes which can be used in the treatment of the above disease states and identification of a nematode gene, From C elegans, which is homologous to the human parkin gene associated with Parkinsons disease. The invention further relates to those nematodes which contain an aberrant or missing expression of at least one gene, preferably a parkin gene and/or a ?-synucleine gene, which is connected with Parkinsons disease. According to the invention, the above organisms can be used for the identification and characterization of medicaments for the treatment of said disease states.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stress-related disorders, psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, migraine, hypertension, substance abuse and metabolic disorders such as eating disorders, diabetes, diabetic complications, obesity, dyslipidemia, disorders of energy consumption and assimilation, disorders and malfunction of body temperature homeostasis, disorders of sleep and circadian rhythm, and cardiovascular disorders which comprises administering to an individual a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I wherein R, Ar, R1, R1?, R2, and n are as defined in the specification and to their pharmaceutically active salts, racemic mixtures, enantiomers, optical isomers and tautomeric forms.