Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a group of newly discovered intrinsic scintillation compounds. As intrinsic scintillators, these compounds do not require an external activator as a dopant. The new scintillators may include members of two elpasolite families with the general exemplary formulas of A2BMX(6-y)X?y and A3MX(6-y)X?y, (0<y<6).

Abstract: A halide scintillator material is disclosed where the halide may comprise chloride, bromide or iodide. The material is single-crystalline and has a composition of the general formula ABX3 where A is an alkali, B is an alkali earth and X is a halide which general composition was investigated. In particular, crystals of the formula ACa1-yEuyI3 where A=K, Rb and Cs were formed as well as crystals of the formula CsA1-yEuyX3 (where A=Ca, Sr, Ba, or a combination thereof and X=Cl, Br or I or a combination thereof) with divalent Europium doping where 0?y?1, and more particularly Eu doping has been studied at one to ten mol %. The disclosed scintillator materials are suitable for making scintillation detectors used in applications such as medical imaging and homeland security.

Abstract: Metal halide scintillators are described. More particularly, the scintillators include doped (e.g., europium-doped) ternary metal halides, such as those of the formulas A2BX4 and AB2X5, wherein A is an alkali metal, such as Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs or any combination thereof; B is an alkali earth metal, such as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or any combination thereof; and X is a halide, such as Cl, Br, I, F or any combination thereof. Radiation detectors comprising the novel metal halide scintillators and other ternary metal halides, such as those of the formulas A2EuX4 and AEu2X5, wherein A is an alkali metal and X is a halide, are also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a group of newly discovered intrinsic scintillation compounds. As intrinsic scintillators, these compounds do not require an external activator as a dopant. The new scintillators may include members of two elpasolite families with the general exemplary formulas of A2BMX(6-y)X?y and A3MX(6-y)X?y, (0<y<6).

Abstract: A halide scintillator material is disclosed. The material is single-crystalline and has a composition of the formula A3MBr6(1-x)Cl6x (such as Cs3CeBr6(1-x)Cl6x) or AM2Br7(1-x)Cl7x (such as CsCe2Br7(1-x)Cl7x), 0?x?1, wherein A consists essentially of Li, Na K, Rb, Cs or any combination thereof, and M consists essentially of Ce, Sc, Y, La, Lu, Gd, Pr, Tb, Yb, Nd or any combination thereof. Furthermore, a method of making halide scintillator materials of the above-mentioned compositions is disclosed. In one example, high-purity starting halides (such as CsBr, CeBr3, CsCl and CeCl3) are mixed and melted to synthesize a compound of the desired composition of the scintillator material. A single crystal of the scintillator material is then grown from the synthesized compound by the Bridgman method. The disclosed scintillator materials are suitable for making scintillation detectors used in applications such as medical imaging and homeland security.

Abstract: A halide scintillator material is disclosed where the halide may comprise chloride, bromide or iodide. The material is single-crystalline and has a composition of the general formula ABX3 where A is an alkali, B is an alkali earth and X is a halide which general composition was investigated. In particular, crystals of the formula ACa1-yEuyI3 where A=K, Rb and Cs were formed as well as crystals of the formula CsA1-yEuyX3 (where A=Ca, Sr, Ba, or a combination thereof and X=Cl. Br or I or a combination thereof) with divalent Europium doping where 0?z?1, and more particularly Eu doping has been studied at one to ten mol %. The disclosed scintillator materials are suitable for making scintillation detectors used in applications such as medical imaging and homeland security.

Abstract: A halide scintillator material is disclosed where the halide may comprise chloride, bromide or iodide. The material is single-crystalline and has a composition of the general formula ABX3 where A is an alkali, B is an alkali earth and X is a halide which general composition was investigated. In particular, crystals of the formula ACa1-yEuyI3 where A=K, Rb and Cs were formed as well as crystals of the formula CsA1-yEuyX3 (where A=Ca, Sr, Ba, or a combination thereof and X=Cl, Br or I or a combination thereof) with divalent Europium doping where 0?y?1, and more particularly Eu doping has been studied at one to ten mol %. The disclosed scintillator materials are suitable for making scintillation detectors used in applications such as medical imaging and homeland security.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses, in one arrangement, a single crystalline iodide scintillator material having a composition of the formula AM1-xEuxI3, A3M1-xEuxI5 and AM2(1-x)Eu2xI5, wherein A consists essentially of any alkali metal element (such as Li, Na K, Rb, Cs) or any combination thereof, M consists essentially of Sr, Ca, Ba or any combination thereof, and 0?x?1. In another arrangement, the above single crystalline iodide scintillator material can be made by first synthesizing a compound of the above composition and then forming a single crystal from the synthesized compound by, for example, the Vertical Gradient Freeze method. Applications of the iodide scintillator materials include radiation detectors and their use in medical and security imaging.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses, in one arrangement, a single crystalline iodide scintillator material having a composition of the formula AM1?xEuxI3, A3M1?xEuxI5 and AM2(1?x)Eu2xI5, wherein A consists essentially of any alkali metal element (such as Li, Na K, Rb, Cs) or any combination thereof, M consists essentially of Sr, Ca, Ba or any combination thereof, and 0?x?1. In another arrangement, the above single crystalline iodide scintillator material can be made by first synthesizing a compound of the above composition and then forming a single crystal from the synthesized compound by, for example, the Vertical Gradient Freeze method. Applications of the iodide scintillator materials include radiation detectors and their use in medical and security imaging.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses, in one arrangement, a single crystalline chloride scintillator material having a composition of the formula A3MCl6, wherein A consists essentially of Cs and M consists essentially of Ce and Gd. In another arrangement, a chloride scintillator material is single-crystalline and has a composition of the formula AM2Cl7, wherein A consists essentially of Li, Na K, Rb, Cs or any combination thereof, and M consists essentially of Ce, Sc, Y, La, Lu, Gd, Pr, Tb, Yb, Nd or any combination thereof. Specific examples of these scintillator materials include single-crystalline Ce-doped KGd2Cl7 (KGd2(1-x)Ce2xCl7) and Ce-doped CsGd2Cl7(CsGd2(1-x)Ce2xCl7).

Abstract: A halide scintillator material is disclosed where the halide may comprise chloride, bromide or iodide. The material is single-crystalline and has a composition of the general formula ABX3 where A is an alkali, B is an alkali earth and X is a halide which general composition was investigated. In particular, crystals of the formula ACa1-yEuyI3 where A=K, Rb and Cs were formed as well as crystals of the formula CsA1-yEuyX3 (where A=Ca, Sr, Ba, or a combination thereof and X?Cl, Br or I or a combination thereof) with divalent Europium doping where 0?y?1, and more particularly Eu doping has been studied at one to ten mol %. The disclosed scintillator materials are suitable for making scintillation detectors used in applications such as medical imaging and homeland security.

Abstract: A halide scintillator material is disclosed. The material is single-crystalline and has a composition of the formula A3MBr6(1-x)Cl6x (such as Cs3CeBr6(1-x)Cl6x) or AM2Br7(1-x)Cl7x (such as CsCe2Br7(1-x)Cl7x), 0?x?1, wherein A consists essentially of Li, Na K, Rb, Cs or any combination thereof, and M consists essentially of Ce, Sc, Y, La, Lu, Gd, Pr, Tb, Yb, Nd or any combination thereof. Furthermore, a method of making halide scintillator materials of the above-mentioned compositions is disclosed. In one example, high-purity starting halides (such as CsBr, CeBr3, CsCl and CeCl3) are mixed and melted to synthesize a compound of the desired composition of the scintillator material. A single crystal of the scintillator material is then grown from the synthesized compound by the Bridgman method. The disclosed scintillator materials are suitable for making scintillation detectors used in applications such as medical imaging and homeland security.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses, in one arrangement, a single crystalline chloride scintillator material having a composition of the formula A3MCl6, wherein A consists essentially of Li, Na K, Rb, Cs or any combination thereof, and M consists essentially of Ce, Sc, Y, La, Lu, Gd, Pr, Tb, Yb, Nd or any combination thereof. In another arrangement, a chloride scintillator material is single-crystalline and has a composition of the formula AM2Cl7, wherein A consists essentially of Li, Na K, Rb, Cs or any combination thereof, and M consists essentially of Ce, Sc, Y, La, Lu, Gd, Pr, Tb, Yb, Nd or any combination thereof. Specific examples of these scintillator materials include single-crystalline Cs3CeCl6, CsCe2Cl7, Ce-doped KGd2Cl7 (KGd2(1-x)Ce2xCl7) and Ce-doped CsGd2Cl7 (CsGd2(1-x)Ce2xCl7). In a further arrangement, the Bridgman method can be used to grown single crystals of the chloride scintillator materials compounds synthesized from starting chlorides.